Throughout history, people often changed their identity for various reasons. A number of women decided to disguise under men to succeed in battles or career. They achieved great goals, sometimes changed, in other cases using a pseudonym or altogether issuing themselves for a man for a long period of time until they achieved their goals. This, too, was often associated with great risk.
1. Rena "grow" cananog
In 1959, Kananoga took part in the YMCA Championship in Judica, New York. She briefly knead the hair, pulled the chest to a tight ribbon under the kimono and sent to win. However, when the winner came to pick up his medal, the organizer of the tournament asked if she was not accidental. When Rena replied "yes," she was deprived of a victorious medal. Kananoga later stated: "It caused me that I had no idea that no longer had a single woman to go through the like" and began with all the truths and untrue to seek the female judo to become an Olympic sport. In 1984, her dream almost came true at the Los Angeles Olympics, when the female judo became an exhibition sport.
In 1988, when summer Olympic games were held in South Korean Seoul, it finally received the status of an Olympic sport. The considered mother of female judo, Kananogi died from the complications of cancer at the age of 74 in 2009. A year earlier, the Government of Japan awarded it to the Order of the Rising Sun, the highest award of Japan for a foreigner.
2. Sisters Bronte
Sisters Charlotte, Emily and Ann Bronte published in 1846 a collection of poems under the men's pseudonyms Carrer, Ellis and Eton Bell, but the collection did not gain popularity. Next year, they began writing prose. Emily under the pseudonym Ellis Bell published the novel "Thunderstorm Pass", Charlotte under the pseudonym Carrer Bell published "Jane Eir", and Ann under the pseudonym Eton Bell wrote "Agnes Gray".
In the preface to the publication of Wuthering Heights 1910 (published posthumously after the death of Emily in 1848) Charlotte explained why sisters decided to write under male names. She said: "We did not want to announce themselves with women, because our writing style and thinking was clearly not so accustomed to consider" female. " Therefore, we considered that we would be treated with prejudice. " Having received great reviews of critics for their work, sisters Bronte began to be published under their own names and forever entered the history of literature.
3. Jeanne d'Ark
Zhanna D'Ark (she "Orlean Virgo") was considered heroine, despite the fact that only 19 years old lived (from 1412 to 1431). The girl who was born in the peasant family in the northeast of France, believed that God had instructed her the mission to save France from her enemies and that Karl VII should be a legitimate king. At the age of 16, she changed into a young man and went to Shinon along with a small group of their followers. She managed to convince Karl Vii that she was the Messenger of God, and that she had a vision regarding the fact that Karl should become the ruler of France.
Contrary to the recommendations of their advisers, Karl VII provided Zhanna the army she led to Orleans. In 1430, when the girl came to the rescue of a compayed compinge, she was shot down from the horse and captured Burgundy. Joan was charged with 70 articles, including dressing up in a man and witchcraft, after which she burned it on the fire.
4. Anna Maria Lane
In 1776, Anna Maria Layn went to the service to the continental army. Although, as a rule, women go to the army as chefs, nurses or laundry, Anna wanted to become a soldier to fight with his husband John, so she changed into a man. In fact, hide what she is a woman was quite simple, as the soldiers of the XVIII century rarely bathed and slept in their uniform.
Historian Joyce Henry argues that in the XVIII century there were no medical examinations when entering the army. It was alleged that "the only thing you need is to have a front teeth, as well as a large and index fingers so that Musket can be charged." During the battle for Jermantown under Philadelphia in 1777, Lane was wounded, but she survived. It is not known when she was exposed (most likely after injury), but Lane continued to fight next to her husband throughout the war. For her courage, a woman was appointed a guesthouse in the amount of $ 100 per year.
5. Deborah Sampon
Debora Sampon became the only woman who received a full military retirement for fighting during the American War of Independence. The former teacher gave herself for a man named Robert Schertleff and entered military service in 1782. During the service, she commanded 30 infantrymen, successfully captured 15 people, digging the trenches and survived under artillery fire. For almost two years, no one noticed that she was a woman while Deborah did not get sick and did not bring her to the hospital unconscious. In 1783, she was resigned with honor, after which he traveled around the country with lectures.
6. Joanna Jubr.
Polyashka-Sergeant Joanna Jubr hid his identity from the soldiers who fought next to her in Napoleonic wars. In 1808, Jubr was credited to the army along with his husband Mazez Jubrome. In the end, it was raised to sergeant. Their part was later renamed the Great Division and took part in the invasion of Napoleon to Russia.
During the retreat, the woman fought off the division, but managed to independently leave the territory of Russia and safely return to Poland. Joanna found her husband, but they could not return to the homeland occupied by Austria and Russia, so settled in velor, where they lived until the end of their days. She became the first woman who received the Order of Virtuti Militari for outstanding military merit, as well as the first woman in history that received an award for courage in battle. In 1852, she died during the epidemic cholera at the age of about 80 years.
7. Maria Citeria de Gesus
In 1822, Maria Keerty ran out of the house to join the Brazilian army. She knew her hair, dressed in men's clothing and safely stayed in part 2 weeks until her father found it there. Despite the admonition of the Father, he failed to take Mary from the army, because Major Jose Antonio da Silva, who was struck by the skills of a girl in battle on her defense.
From October 1822 to June 1823, Maria Keerty participated in a variety of battles and became famous when he led the attack on the enemy fortification, several Portuguese took captivity. In August 1823, Emperor Pedro I assigned to her the title of lieutenant, which was a unheard of award for a woman. In 1953, 100 years after her death, the Brazilian government hanged himself on the wall of his military headquarters. Portrait of Mary's width, declaring her national heroine.
8. James Barry
Military Surgeon James Barry served as general inspector in the British army. He was responsible for military hospitals and became known for the fact that he significantly improved the conditions for patients during his career. Barry was also the first surgeon in South Africa, who performed a caesarean section, in which the mother and the child survived.
In fact, James was Margaret Ann Balkley, but it was discovered only after his death in 1865. When the servant was preparing the body of the surgeon to the funeral, she discovered that this was a woman. The British army was so shocked that Barry had blocked access to all documents, until this story was re-opened by the historian Isabel Rey in the 1950s.
9. Joan Rowling
The author of the books about Harry Potter Joan Rowling said that she decided to leave her name on books about the boys-wizard, to better attract the attention of the young male audience. Harry Potter became the best-selling book in history, which was translated into more than 60 languages. In 2013, Rowling decided to change the pseudonym on Male (Robert Galbreit) for his criminal novel "Cowing Cow". Who is hidden at the Personality of Galbreyt, remained a mystery for a long time, because each of her lawyers said that the chick detective wrote the author of Harry Potter.
10. Katrin Shvitser
Runcher Catherine Shvitzer entered the story as the first woman who ran the Boston Marathon in 1967. At that time, women were forbidden to participate in competitions, so she filed an application for participation in mileage as a man. After it was found that a woman participates in a 42-kilometer race, officials grabbed her to try to hover from the highway. The boyfriend of the woman traveled from her representative of the organizers of the Marathon, who grabbed Catherine, after which Shvitzer continued the race.
Later, she recalled: "I understood that if I leave, no one would never believe that women were able to run more than 40 kilometers. If I leave, everyone will say that this is an advertising move. If I leave, women in sports will not be long. My fear and humiliation turned into anger. " In 1972, women were officially permitted to take part in the marathon.