I-Wu Jiancün.
I-American yaseMelika evelele yaseChinese, yathuthukiswa ku-physics futhi yabeka isipiliyoni esidumile se-WU, esifakazele ukunakekelwa okungeyona indawo ekusebenzisaneni okubuthakathaka (ukuze kusho). I-WU ifundiswe e-Princeton nasemanyuvesi aseColumbian kanye nozakwabo ababili, uLee no-Yang, bamnika ithuba lokufaka isivivinyo sokuqinisekisa umbono wabo omusha. I-WU iye yathuthukisa isipiliyoni futhi iphindze inyuse i-lee theory. Ngokusobala, ngoba uYang uthole uNobel, futhi i-WU ayikho. Ozakwethu abaningi be-WU bakubona njengokubonakaliswa kobulili, kepha ke kwakungekho ulaka oluvilaphayo. Ngaphandle kokuthola umklomelo kaNobel, uBrilliant Jiancün wabhala incwadi yedeskithophu ye-beta ukunxenxa ama-radiophoys kanye nazo zonke izinkinga ezibizwa ngokuthi ngumphakathi wezemiphakathi waseMelika.UCharlotte Perryran.
Uma ubamba umklami wangaphakathi ezindaweni zendawo yakhe yemvelo futhi ubuze ukuthi ucabangani ngeLe Corbusier, kuzofanela ulalele ukuthi ukhululekile kangakanani, ifenisha esebenzayo, egqamile nakho konke lokho. Ama-Lofts anamuhla, ama-Laconic Eco-Interiors, izikhungo zombukiso - zonke azibizi ngaphandle koqobo noma umfanekiso wemisebenzi yakhe. Ngaleso sikhathi, amamodeli okuthiwa "okubizwa ngokuthi" amamodeli wehlelo "aqala ukuvela kuLe Corbisier ngemuva, kuye kusukela emzameni wesibili, uCharlotte Perrian waxazululwa ngo-1927. (Ngokokuqala ngqa, i-Master yathumela i-ravoisi yayo ngamagama athi "asiyeki imicamelo lapha").
Uma ubheka umsebenzi wePerrian embukisweni wasekwindla eParis, umakhi wezakhiwo wadonswa futhi wazitholela okungaphezulu kakhulu kunodumo. Iqiniso ngukuthi lo mdwebi omkhulu, ubuhlakani obukhonkolo nokunye, ngoba wonke umsebenzi esitudiyo sakhe faka isitembu negama lakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, emisebenzini yeCharlotte Perrian igama lakhe laphenduka okwesibili. Umphakathi ukhumbule uhlobo olunyusiwe futhi ukhohlwe umlobi ngqo. Futhi ngeze, ngoba uCharlotte Perrian wayengumqambi ovelele ngempela nomqambi wefenisha Imibhangqwana ye-ski resorts engcebweni! Ngegama, uyi-Innowka yangempela. Yebo, ungakwazi i-Google, ngokwesibonelo, iChandigarh, idolobha elakha ngokuphelele uLe Corbusier. Vele, angenzi mqondo ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, kepha iqoqo lezakhiwo ezinezitezi ezinhlanu ngandlela thile lilahlekelwa yizihlalo eziphelele zeCharlotte ngezinto zemvelo. Kwesinye isikhathi okuncane - yebo kungcono, vumela abahlonishwayo boMsunguli basikhophule.
Emmy nezer.
U-Emmy Nether wayengomunye wabesifazane abavelele kakhulu ngekhulu lamashumi amabili: wenza umnikelo omkhulu ku-mathematics, topology kanye ne-physics. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, izinga lawo lokutholwa liqhathaniswa nemisebenzi ye-Great Maria Curie. Kepha indlela ye-Emmy Nether in Mathematics idabukile futhi inameva. Waba ngumeluleki wangasese e-University of Göttingen kuphela ngemuva koprofesa onobuchwepheshe iminyaka eminingana ebhenge ngokuphepha eyunivesithi ukuba banikeze iholo futhi banikeze okungenani isikhundla esithile. Ngokumangazayo, kepha owesifazi ogqamile wezibalo wasinda eminyakeni eyishumi ekufundeni okuncane (okwakuhlelwe ngumphakathi wesayensi wasendaweni). Ngaphandle kokuthatha noma isiphi isikhundla eyunivesithi, wafunda izinkulumo futhi wafundisa abafundi. Hhayi-ke, ungafaki umfazi ukwenza lokhu, futhi ngokusemthethweni!
Wabizwa ngokuthi ngunina we-algebra yanamuhla. Ukumane ubhale zonke izigaba zezibalo kanye ne-physics lapho enza khona, aguqukile, noma asungulwe - anekhasi elanele. Kuyini isimilo sabesifazane kwisayensi, i-Emmy ayikaze ibonakale, izindondo, imiklomelo noma amaphrimiyamu, ngaphandle kweprimiyamu encane, ahlukanisene nomfundi wakhe. Kepha lapho u-Emmy eshonile (engaziwa, enesizungu, ezweni lomunye umuntu, njengaye, njengomJuda, i-Germany yafika engqondweni futhi wayala izikhumbuzo zakhe (ngaphezulu kweshumi nambili), futhi, uma kwenzeka, uma kwenzeka, Kubizwa nangokuthi i-crater ohlangothini lwenyanga igama lakhe. Futhi u-Einstein, phakathi kwabanye, uthe kudokotela we-Necologist (uma kafushane), engcono, futhi kwakungekho muntu.
UHenrietta Livift
UHenrietta, esethole iziqu ze-bachelor, wamsiza kuprofesa wesayensi yezinkanyezi futhi wahlanganyela ekukhuthazeni ama-Photoflaxes ngesithombe sezinkanyezi. Yebo, bekungabonakala - yenza okuncane komsebenzi amadola ayishumi ngesonto futhi kufa kusuka ku-boredom. Kepha cha, uHenrietta Livitt wathola amaphethini amaningana asuselwa ezithombeni ezithile zezithombe zezinkanyezi, ngenxa yokuthi ososayensi bangalinganisa noma amabanga athile emthaleni wethu nakwamanye amazwe. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwavula izinkanyezi ezingaphezu kuka-2400 (nakho konke lokhu - ngaphandle komsizi, iphakethe lezenhlalo, kodwa ngempilo ebuthakathaka futhi cishe kugcwele izithulu).
Ososayensi abaningana eSweden, umnikelo ohlaba umxhwele kwisayensi, wanquma ukungiphakamisela ukuvota kwakhe umklomelo kaNobel. Kepha akukho lutho oluphuma: UNobel akanikezi okubucayi, futhi i-livitt ayiphilanga ngaphambi kokuqashelwa kwakhe.
URosalind Franklin
Ngo-1952, wakwazi ukwenza i-radiograph, eyaba ubufakazi besakhiwo se-DNA. Owesifazane ongenqabe ngokoqobo i-biology yonke weza kulesi sithombe eside futhi, njengoba bekulindelekile, indlela engenameva. Kepha ngemuva kokuvulwa okujabulisayo, ama-laurels asheshayo awazange alandele.
Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi isithombe sasibiwe nje eFranklin, futhi ngesisekelo sesithombe esiphumela, ozakwabo elabhorethri bakwazi ukushicilela umsebenzi wabo ngasikhathi sinye noFranklin. Ngenxa yalokhu, umklomelo kaNobel waya kuZiqu-zintathu, kanti uRosalind wathola ngenxa yokusebenza kwaphakade ngemisebe ye-X-ray yomdlavuza, ngenxa yokuthi afe ngayo ngokuzumayo, ngaphandle kokusinda kulo mklomelo.
Isihogo uthando
U-Lovalace uyisibonelo esihle kakhulu salokho izingane ezinhle zikhula ngaphandle kobaba. Imbongi Byron, ngaphandle kokulungiselela ububele (noma okunye), wanyamalala lapho ingane yayiyinyanga kuphela. Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukusho ukuthi kuthinte kabi isihogo: Wafunda i-Euclideani gerometry, wafakazelwa izibalo futhi wahunyushwa ngemisebenzi yesayensi yezibalo. Ngosuku olulodwa, isihogo esingamashumi amabili nesilisa sajwayelana nesikhumbuzo samashumi ayisihlanu somgubho we-eccentric futhi osungule uCharles Babbird, osungula imoto "egameni lomehluko", eqoqweni, aqoqe okuthile okufana nokuhle kakhulu Isibali se-Steampunk sezidingo zeVictorian England.
Uxhumeke ngempumelelo kwinqubo futhi waletha i-algorithm ukuchaza izinombolo ze-bernoulli. Umphakathi wezwe namuhla wavuma ukuthi kwakuwuhlelo lokuqala lwekhompyutha olusetshenzisiwe lokudlala kukhompyutha. Yebo, futhi ngokuvamile, u-Ada waqonda nge- "Babbja Car" ngaphezu kwesigabha uqobo, wabikezela ukuthi ikusasa lalingemuva kwalesi sikhathi sekhompiyutha.
Ukuqashelwa akuzange kufikile e-Hell Lovelace ngesikhathi: Ushicilele umsebenzi ngaphansi kokuqala (ngoba impilo yentombazane yaseVictorian ayifaki amakilasi wesayensi), futhi afele ekupheleni kwendwangu ye-Babbja (ngoba umuthi weVictorian ayidluliselwa kabi ngabantu bukhoma)
USusan Joselin Bell.
USusan ubuntwana wayethanda ukubhula ngezinkanyezi, wafunda ngokugqamile wangena esikoleni sase-University of Cambridge. Ukuqoqa izinto zokwenziwa kwakhe, uSusan wabona okuthile okumangazayo. Uthuthe nsuku zonke ngamamitha angamashumi amathathu edatha avela kubahloli baka-Telescope Radio, aze afike eziphethweni ezithile. Ngakho-ke waba ngumtholi we-puss.
U-Anthony Hewish, umphathi weSusan, okokuqala wanganakanga. UBell wakwazi ukumcela ukuthi aqhubeke nokuhlolwa kwathi ekugcineni, afakazele ukuthi uthole isigaba esisha sezinto zezinkanyezi. Ngabe ucabanga ukuthi kwenzekani ngokulandelayo? Vele, umklomelo kaNobel. Kepha hhayi uSusan Joselin Bell, no-Anthony Hewish (kahle, wamlalela, ekugcineni) nozakwethu uMartin Rale.
Lou salome
Noma yimuphi umuntu othanda uNietzsche uyazi ukuthi uLou Salome ngowesifazane oyedwa owaphula inhliziyo yakhe. Noma yimuphi udokotela wezeziFilolodi wezombuso ukhumbula ukuthi uLou oneminyaka engu-36 ubudala uthathe ngaphansi kwephiko lembongi eneminyaka engu-21 ubudala uRilke, owagcina imizwa yesisa ngempilo yakhe. Abaningi babona isithombe, lapho uLou Salome uvuka khona umlobi, onolwazi lwecala, wagqekeza enqoleni eyodwa yefilosofi enhle nefilosofi uPaul Ryoo. Ngamafuphi, ukuzijabulisa kwentokazi evuthayo kuyabonakala.
Okwamanje, akuwona wonke umuntu okhumbula ukuthi ikota yokugcina yekhulu leminyaka uLou Salome asetshenziswe noSigmund Freud, abe ngomunye womfundi wakhe omuhle kakhulu. Eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanu, uLu Salome wawuthatha i-psychoanalysis, eshicilelwe cishe ama-139 zesayensi, incwadi ebhalwe nge-psyche yezingane yakhulelwa. Kusukela ngo-1914 kuya ku-1937, uxazulule eGöttingen, wasebenza, evula umkhuba obanzi we-psychotherapeapeutic. Kuyamangaza ukuthi amadevu eNietzsche adlula engqondweni evelele yowesifazane onjalo osiza abantu abayishumi nambili futhi bafake isandla kwi-Psychoanaanalysis.