ULudwig Wittgenstein, elinye lezazi zefilosofi ezinethonya kakhulu lekhulu lama-20, bebesebenzela uthisha wasemakhaya esikoleni samabanga aphansi iminyaka eyisithupha. Lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho akuthinteki nje kuphela ifilosofi yakhe, kodwa futhi kukhombisa nokuthi umuntu onobuhlakani obukhulu angaba uthisha omuhle.
Lapho ngo-1919, uWittgenstein wanquma ukuba ngumfundisi wasemakhaya, udadewabo uHermina wathi "ukuwethula, nothisha wezefilosofi aqeqeshiwe, njengothisha wesikole samabanga aphansi, kufana nokubona ithuluzi lobucwebe njengethuluzi lobucwebe."
Ngalesi sikhathi, iLudwig isivele yadlula eMpini Yezwe Yokuqala yabhala "inkomba yakhe enengqondo - yefilosofi" - indatshana, ngaphandle kwayo akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ukuthuthuka komcabango wefilosofi wekhulu lama-20.
Encwadini ethi "I-Filosophical-Filosophical" Iphikisana ngokuthi "imingcele yolimi isho imingcele yezwe": konke okungenakuvezwa ngolimi lwamaqiniso ngeziphakamiso "Lesi simo futhi okufanayo nokuthi lokho "- i-tavtology noma ububi. Ngakho-ke thesis "okungenakwenzeka ukukhuluma, ngalokho kufanele kuthule." Isibonelo, isimilo asinakuchazwa noma sinezelelekile: amaqiniso wokuziphatha awakwazi ukuvezwa - ukukhombisa kuphela.
Inkomba, nokho, ibingakashicilelwa, kepha wonke umuntu (ikakhulukazi, uthisha wakhe uBerran Russell) Kwacaca ukuthi kwakukhona umuntu onamakhono ahlukile.
Hhayi ukujoyina kanye nemibono
I-tolstovist eqinisekisiwe, iWittgenstein yalandela imibono ebonakalayo: Ifa elikhulu, elalikhululwa kuYise Magnate - wawela izihlobo noma wanikela ngomusa. Impilo yakhe yonke wazama ukumkhawulela ngangokunokwenzeka eqinisweni lokuthi wayekhathalela induduzo yakhe, angasho ukuthi kukhona okunethezeka.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusobala isinqumo sakhe, ngokusobala, kwathonya ukuguqulwa kwesikole, okwaqala e-Austria ngalesi sikhathi.
Uma uMbuso WamaHabsburg wakhulisa umthetho olalela umthetho futhi owesaba uNkulunkulu, kodwa ongeyena othinta ama-burghers, khona-ke isimo sentando yeningi esisha sasidingeka yizakhamizi ezingacabanga ngokuhlolisisa nangokwenza ngokuzimela. Yize i-Wittgenstein futhi yahleka iziqubulo zokuguqulwa, waphatha izikhundla zakhe eziphambili impela.
Sawubona, Village!
Esikoleni, uWittgenstein wafundisa konke - kusuka kumathematics kuya kwisibalo kanye nesayensi yemvelo. Enye yemigomo yendlela entsha yahlanganiswa ukuqeqeshwa: Isihloko ngasinye kufanele sihambisane ngandlela thile.
Usuku luvame ukuqala ngezibalo ezimbili zehora lesibili, abanye abafundi abakhunjulwa kamuva ngesabekayo. Izingane zeminyaka eyishumi kwakudingeka zithole ukwakhiwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwe-algebraic, manje ezifundiswa ezikoleni eziphakeme kuphela, hhayi njalo.
Njengoba ekilasini, waya kuhambo emadolobheni aseduze - Vienna naseGloggnitz - lapho alahla khona ezintabeni ezintabeni zolwazi mayelana nezitayela zokwakha, izindlela ezahlukahlukene kanye nokuvumelana nezimo, kuchaze imithetho ye-physics. Endleleni ebuyela emuva, enze indlela yakhe ehlathini, abafundi baqoqa amasampula amatshe nezitshalo. Konke ababengakwazi vele sekuchazwe izinye izikhathi zesikole ezibonelweni ezithile: isipiliyoni kanye nokubukwa okutholwe yizingane empilweni yansuku zonke kwaba sezinto zokufunda.
Abafundi abaningi baye badumisa uWittgenstein, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wayenguthisha onovalo futhi ofuna kakhulu. Njengoba ekwazi kakhulu kubo, wayevame ukwenzeka sekwephuzile, okwabangela ukukhathazeka kwabampofu: basola ukuthi ufuna ukufihla izingane emsebenzini wezolimo nasekufudukeni emzini.
UWittgenstein wazama ngempela ukuthumela abafundi eVienna ngemuva kokuthweswa iziqu, bagcizelela ukuthi "bathole imfundo, bona kanye nomquba bazobe semnandi." Kepha akaphumelelanga kulokhu. Ngokuvamile, nabazali nabanye othisha eWittgenstein, ubudlelwane bebungathathi ukwakheka:
Ngisese-trittenbach, nakuzo, njengokuhlala kunjalo, ubuthi buyabusa. Ngiyakuqonda lokho ngokwengxenye, abantu ababalulekile ndawo, kepha lapha baphikiswa kakhulu futhi abanacala kunanoma yikuphi.
Futhi akubona konke okwakuhamba kahle nezingane: UWittgenstein wayephumile futhi evame ukusetshenziswa kubo ngesihluku. Naphezu kwezimiso ezithuthukile zokufunda, shaya izingane ngezindophi bese kuba nokuhleleka kwezinto. Kepha uWittgenstein, ngokusobala, wadlula eminye imingcele: waphendukela emandleni angokomzimba, ejezisa hhayi ngokuziphatha okubi kuphela, kodwa futhi namanga (wayengeke athembeke futhi yena uqobo), ama-Drals ezindlebe zakhe aklebhula I-Hair Student Lagging.
Ekugcineni, kwenzeka isigameko, esaphoqa uWittgenstein ukuba ashiye okuthunyelwe kothisha: Ngemuva kokushaywa okuningana ekhanda, omunye wabafundi bakhe balahlekelwa ukuqaphela. UWittgenstein wasishiya ngokushesha isikole futhi kamuva waheha inkantolo. Inkantolo yamthethelela, kodwa eminyakeni eyi-10 kamuva, uLudwig ngokwakhe weza kubafundi bakhe bangaphambili ukuze axolise ngokuziphatha kwakhe okunonya.
Ama-Perseants ambona emadolobhaneni awazange alinganise imibono yeTolstovsky - bavilapha futhi banciphile nabantu abanokucabanga okuncane, banakekelwa. Futhi ezinganeni, kubonakala sengathi aswele ukuhlanzeka, ukuvuleleka nokucaca kokucabanga. Lokhu akazange athethelele.
Ubuhlakani kanye nabafundi
Uphazamisa noma yimuphi we-nasi ngemuva kwalokho, ukusakazwa kwesikhathi esibanzi. Kuphikisana kakhulu nomsindo - intukuthelo ebuhlungu! -Uqinisekile lelo lulungile, futhi ujabule ngeqiniso lokuthi ilungelo ...
Uma uWittgenstein ebuze imibuzo, kungenzeka kakhulu kubo - abanye babelwela ubunzima emcabangweni wakhe, futhi kukhona umbono womunye umuntu njengento yokugxekwa - noma abikho nhlobo.
Abaningi abadangele ukuba bahlanganyele kwifilosofi, bakubheka njengokuchitha isikhathi esingenamsebenzi: Abanye abafundi ngeseluleko sakhe baze basebenza efektri. Ukusebenza ngokomzimba, kukhulume i-Wittgenstein, kuyasiza ebuchosheni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuntu, kanye nezazi zefilosofi zibandakanyekile ku-pseudodble, eqinisweni amenzi lutho.
Kubukeka sengathi wayengu-schizophrenic
Esifundweni sefilosofi ", umsebenzi wesibili obucayi weWittgenstein, owakhishwa ngo-1953, abaningi bathola imicengezi yokwenza kwakhe ukufundisa: amasu okuhamba ngezinyawo, izivivinyo eziningi zengqondo nezibonelo ezivela empilweni yansuku zonke. Ukusuka emcabangweni wolimi lwesayensi olungakuchaza impela okungokoqobo, uWittgenstein wathuthela "kwifilosofi yolimi olujwayelekile" - Ukuthi abantu bakujabulela kanjani inkulumo ekusebenzeni.
"Impilo ejwayelekile" yayingeyona eyakhe - konke kwakuyisizathu socwaningo nokuboniswa. Okuzungezile kwakunzima kakhulu ukuhlala eduze komuntu onjalo:
Ingxoxo ngayinye ene-Wittgenstein ibukeka njengosuku olubi kakhulu lwenkantolo. Kwakukubi. Igama ngalinye, yonke imicabango kufanele ikhishwe, ibuzwe futhi ihlolwe ngeqiniso. Futhi akunandaba nefilosofi kuphela, kodwa futhi nokuphila jikelele.
UWittgenstein, ngokusobala, wahlupheka impilo yakhe yonke kusuka ku-sluggish schizophrenia, futhi manje kungenzeka ukuthi ngeke ngisho ukukhululeka esikoleni.
Unesihluku futhi uzifunela bona, angaba umthombo wokuphefumulelwa nokwamukelwa, angabeka ukuqala kwezinkomba ezintsha zefilosofi futhi athinte yonke intuthuko yolwazi lokuhlabantu, kepha akazange abe nothisha omuhle. Amavoloni u-Nolens Uthisha kumele azihlukanise nemisebenzi yawo, kuzwelonke ahlobane ngokusemthethweni futhi angafuni kwabanye kakhulu.
I-Wittgenstein, eyayibizwa nangokuthi isampula yobungcweti ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, itshalwe imali ngokuphelele futhi imane nje ayikwazanga ukuyikhokhela.
Kuthunyelwe ngu: Oleg bocarnikimmer athikili: Newtonew