Umzuzu obaluleke kakhulu futhi onzima ekuhlolweni kwanoma yikuphi ukusungulwa kwezokwelapha noma ukutholwa ukubheka kumuntu. Kepha ubani ozovuma ukuba sengozini enjalo? Nalu ososayensi kuze kube namuhla, bese bebeka okuhlangenwe nakho kwethu.
I-gastritis ethelelekile
Barry Marshall
I-Australia Marshall yavula i-Helicobacter Pylori Bacterium. Wabeka phambili umcabango wokuthi yiba yimbangela i-gastritis kanye nesilonda sesisu. Kepha akekho okholelwa ukuthi uDkt. Odokotela bezwe babekholelwa ukuthi izizathu zalezi zifo zicindezelekile nokudla okulimazayo. Ngemuva kwalokho uBarry ngo-1985 waphuza okuqukethwe yizitsha ze-petri ngesiko lamagciwane futhi wathola i-gastritis, eyalapheka ngempumelelo. Ozakwabo bekufanele babone ukulunga kwakhe baze bamnikeze umklomelo kaNobel.
Wenza abangane abanezinambuzane
UDavid Pritchad
Ngo-2004, ngemuva kweminyaka eminingana yokusebenza ePapua New Guinea, udokotela we-Immen Pritchard uqoke lo mbono ngokuya ukuthi amanye ama-parasites akwazi ukuthuthukisa amasosha omzimba womuntu, avikele umzimba kusuka ezifweni ze-autoimmune. Wazihlasela ngesibindi ngaphansi kwesikhumba sezinambuzane ezingama-50. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwavela ukuthi ngabe kwanele ukuthuthukisa ukungavikeleki ngezidalwa eziyishumi ezibi, kepha izivivinyo zisadinga isheke elengeziwe. Okwamanje, abanancwana abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba babhala incwadi yokubhala ngezicelo zokubathumela "izikelemu zokwelapha".
Wephule ithambo
UJohn Paul Stpep
UColonel US Air Force, udokotela ohlinzayo uJohn StepP uthole isidlaliso "umuntu oshesha kunabo bonke emhlabeni" ngokuhlolwa kwakhe. Uvivinye umphumela wokugcwala ngokweqile emzimbeni womuntu, usheshise ngejubane elikhulu, bese uyeka kakhulu. I-StepP yayala ukulimala okuningi, yaphula ithambo, yaphanga ngamehlo, kodwa yathola ukuthi umzimba womuntu uyakwazi ukubekezelela kakhulu ku-45g. Kuliqiniso, awukwazi ukukhohlwa ngebhande elihle lesihlalo.
Digit umgogodla
Agasti Bir
Udokotela ohlinzayo waseJalimane uBir ngonyaka we-1898 wawungowokuqala ukusebenzisa i-anesthesia yomgogodla nge-cocaine. Isivivinyo sanqunywa ukuba sizigqoke ngokwabo nomsizi. Ngenxa yephutha eqinisweni, i-BABA yaqala ukugeleza uketshezi lomgogodla, futhi i-anesthesia ayizange iphawule. Kepha umsizi umzimba, njengoba kuhleliwe, ukhubazekile ngaphansi kwebhande. Ukuhlola i-BI Binck yakhe, walwa washo washona izinwele zakhe endaweni yokumbamba. Ngenjabulo kusihlwa, bobabili badakiwe, kwathi owesilisa wayenezinsuku eziyi-9 zokulala embhedeni onekhanda elibi.
Wafinyelela enhliziyweni
UWerner Forsman.
Ngo-1929, eJalimane, udokotela ohlinza udokotela wethula i-catheter eVienna esandleni sakhe futhi wagcina uphenyo lwe-Atrium yakhe eyiyo. Futhi-ke ngenza ama-x-ray ngathi ngibheke ukuthi ufike lapho. Kuyamangaza, kepha akekho ekuqaleni owamdumisa ngokuzinikela, futhi induku enkulu yaphonsa i-cardiology isikhashana. Kepha namanje, ngo-56, wanikezwa uNobelka ekuthuthukisweni kwendlela entsha ye-catheterization.
Kukhiywe emhumeni futhi akuzange kulale
UNathaniel Clayten
Umcwaningi wokulala kaClayhetman ngo-1938, kanye nomsizi, wavala emhumeni eKentucky, emzameni wokushintsha umjikelezo wakhe wokulala ukuze azivumelanise nezinsuku ezingamahora angama-28. Ekufakweni okugcwele, amabili achithe izinsuku ezingama-32. Umsizi wathuthela embusweni omusha, kanti uClay akazange asebenze. Futhi ngandlela thile akazange alale amahora angama-180 emugqeni ukuthola ukuthi i-OffICARDARDBOARD ithinta kanjani umzimba - kwavela, kuyingozi kakhulu.
Igesi elambile
Sir Gemphri Davy.
USir Davie wafunda izakhiwo zamagesi futhi ngethuba ngo-1799, wabona konke kuye, wavula igesi ehlekisayo (indlela ye-nitrogen). Ngokuvamile, usosayensi wayefuna isifaniso se-opium notshwala, kepha kwenzeka kuye ukuthi bekungcono ukusebenzisa leli gesi ku-anesthesia. Izincomo zeGemphri zazingalaleli, kepha iBohemian Britatish yabe isijabulisa igesi emaphathini emfashini.
Waphenduka waba yi-cyborg
UKevin Warwick - UDkt Cyborg
Ngasekupheleni kwama-90s, iqembu lososayensi waseMelika uKevin Warwick afakwe ngokoqobo kwe-Chip esandleni sakhe. Le chip ibopha kwikhompyutha yaseyunivesithi futhi yafunda amasiginali ohlelo lwezinzwa lwezinzwa. I-chip yayazi kahle, futhi ososayensi bathola ithuba, edlula eyunivesithi, empeleni, amandla okucabanga ukuvula iminyango, ukufaka imishini yokukhanya nokuphatha ikhompyutha - ngokusebenzisa ikhompyutha. Ukuze kulokhu, kuze kube namuhla ugqoke namuhla isidlaliso cyborg.
Wacabanga phezulu
Albert HOFMMANN
Usosayensi waseSwitzerland u-Albert HOFTNN wafunda ukusetshenziswa kwamakhowe ekhemisi futhi wavula i-LSD ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa. Ngo-1943, wasebenzisa into eyabelwe futhi, ngemuva kwalokho waya ekhaya ngebhayisekili ngebhayisekili elihle le-hallucinations. IHomann ebizwa ngokuthi yi-LSD "umuthi womphefumlo", wazama ngayo impilo yonke yonke futhi wacasuka kakhulu ukuthi lesi "somuthi" sasivinjelwe. Futhi waphila, ngendlela, eneminyaka eyi-102.
Ebethelwe engenako
I-Yellow Fever, Philadelphia, 1793
Akuzona zonke izivivinyo ngokwazo ziletha okungenani inzuzo ethile. Nalu udokotela uStarbins wasePersian ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Bengifuna ukufakazela ukuthi umkhuhlane ophuzi akusona ukutheleleka. Wazama ukuthelela ngazo zonke izindlela ezingenzeka - wadonsela inqwaba yeziguli futhi wayihlikihla ekusikeni, kepha akazange agule. Kwavela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iqiniso ukuthi lesi sifo sisenokutholakele futhi omiyane bawo balungile. Futhi inkampani isebenzise ukwabiwa kweziguli esiteji esiseduze, ezingaseyona ingozi.