I-Pics.ru iyaqhubeka nokushicilela izindatshana ezikhuluma ngokuphila nokufa kwababhali baseRussia, esikhuluma ngakho ngesikole kuphela okungenamsebenzi kakhulu. Endabeni yokugcina, uZhukovsky, uGogol noDostoevsky baqashelwa. Iya!
UNikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov (1821 - 1878)
Cishe ubaba we-Russian Democratic Poetry wayengumuntu oguquguqukayo oguquguqukayo: imbongi, umlobi, umshicileli, umdlali kanye nesithandwa sabesifazane abadumile. Owokuqala kokuhlolwa kwakhe okubhaliwe kwakungemuva nama-invoice enababa wabo, owayesuselwa udadewabo womdabu ngenxa yemiphefumulo yabampofu, futhi ngashiya amadolobha aphesheya kwamadolobha, futhi ngasebenza njengomkhumbi - Wabulala ama-serfs aze afe.
Ubuntwana, ngamafuphi, bekungebona okumnandi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke uNekrasov wayengakhululeki, ngakho-ke, aphothula eGrade 4 Gymnasium, waya eSt. Petersburg ukungena eyunivesithi. Umqondo awuzange umqhele ngempumelelo, kepha umlobi wesikhathi esizayo usaqhubeka enhlokodolobha, hhayi nje ukuthi abuyele ePatek. Bekushesha ngokushesha phakathi kokubhala i-Brachia kanye nentatheli eqinisekisiwe u-Ivan Panayev ukuzokhulula lo magazini "owayephila naye" ukuze amukele amabutho amasha. Futhi ukuze kube nokuphila kukaju, kwakubonakala ngathi, kwangilenga, kwafika ePanayev uma kwenzeka kuba nonkosikazi wakhe u-Avdotia, wayidlulisela ku-dostoevsky. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ayizange ihambisane ngokuphelele: vele ixazululwe nabalingani efulethini efanayo futhi iphulukiswe ngenjabulo kanye nabo umndeni waseSweden.
Ngokuvamile, bakhona kulokhu "ophikweni lwesimanje" uDeveli azi ukuthi kwenzekeni ngokuya ngobuhlobo besifazane nothando! Alungekho usuku ngaphandle kwe-hysteria! Kepha kubo, ukuba bathembeke, kube nesizathu. Isibonelo, ikhophi ye-noman chernyshevsky "okufanele ukwenze?", Okwamiselwe ukuguqula izingqondo, ukulahlekelwa uNekrasov osendleleni eya kumhleli. Wenze kahle, ngenze konke kahle! Kuliqiniso, kufanele sivume ukuthi ngithole futhi ngishicilelwe ngokuphepha. Bese kuba khona ukumangalela okungakholeki no-Ogarev nomkakhe wokuqala (hhayi owabalekela eHezen - Saxwayisa!), Ngemuva kwalokho uNekrasov wehlise i-Avdier, wabe esehlolwa eFrance ngeFrance French, wabe esethenga konke Futhi wawina umfazi omusha ungumngane we-serf - ekhadini.
Abaphenyi babhala ukuthi imbongi yayijabule kakhulu, icindezelwe nowesifazane njengonodoli, yaze yamthola igama elisha lokuqoka ukuthi wayenempilo entsha phambili. Kepha nansi umdlavuza, futhi uNekrasov washeshe washisa usuka esifo esibi. Umngcwabo wakhe waphenduka umhlangano wangempela, owabutha isixuku esisesigidini sokuvalelisa kumlobi amthandayo. Yilokhu esikuqondayo - uthando lwabantu!
U-Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev (1818 - 1883)
Noma kunjalo, lo mndeni wawunomndeni, ngakho-ke iTurgenev yayofunda - okokuqala eMoscow University, eyathola iziqu ngokugqamile, yabe phesheya. Endleleni, ngabhala izinkondlo futhi ngahlangana nezimbongi eziholayo zesikhathi sakhe, kufaka phakathi i-pushkin ne-lermontov, kodwa hhayi abangane abasondelene nabo ngenxa yobuntu bakhe obunzima. Ukutholwa ngokuphepha iziqu ze-Master ku-Philology Greek and Latin, u-Ivan Sergeevich angakwehlisa umoya, kodwa bekungekho lapho - impela ngaleso sikhathi wahlangana nomculi waseFrance waseFrance, futhi, lo mhlangano waphenduka impilo yakhe .
Ngokushesha ashiye eParis, ethethelela angeke akwazi ukumphefumulisa ngomoya owodwa nabantu abaphilisi benqaba (Yebo, siyazi!), Futhi i-viya lapha akulutho. Lapho iyoseduze ne-Ogars bese ingena Uthando nonkosikazi wakhe (u-Ogarev ompofu kepha wayengeyena nenhlanhla namakhosikazi akhe!), abuyise isikhashana eRussia ... futhi lapha bekukumthumele ngokushesha ukubuyekeza futhi asheshe amuthumele phesheya kwamanye amazwe, njengoba Ngokuqondene neqiniso lokuthi uhlakaniphe kakhulu, kubhekiswe ku-Reference!
I-TurnevEV isebenze isixhumanisi futhi, ngaphandle kokucabanga, yabalekela eParis esonweni ngaphansi kwephiko lomndeni wakwaViardo. I-Polina ayikaze ihlukanise umyeni wayo, ngakho-ke, iminyaka engama-38 u-Ergeevich waphila "onqenqemeni lwesidleke somunye umuntu" enyunyana kathathu, engazange ivimbele bobathathu ukuba bafundise kakhulu. Ekupheleni kwempilo yeTurgenev ku-61 yakhe engu-61, wayefuna ukushada omunye umculi - intsha kaMaria Savina, kepha uViardo wagcinwa eqinile, futhi umshado awuzange wenzeke. Ngothando, yena, ngokwakhe ngokwakhe ngaphambi kokushona kwakhe, akazange anenhlanhla enkulu. Kepha izincwadi zabhala kahle!
Alexander Alexandrovich Blok (1880 - 1921)
Ungaqiniseki ngemibono yeFredian, kepha umhlaba wezwe uhlukile impela. Okokuqala, emavesini, ngokumangazayo futhi ngokumangalisa okumangazayo futhi okufuywayo, kwasebenza ngesitayela "sezinkondlo Fensism". Okwesibili, umkakhe - uthando lukaMendeleev - alubize ngenye indlela 'njengentokazi enhle,' kodwa wayevame ukusongela umculi wakhe nabalingisi, izifebe kanye nama-devils kanye nobani. Kuyini ukungena okukodwa encwadini yakhe yokubhalela:
Okokuqala kothando, uma ngingenzi iphutha, ngiphelezele ukunyanyeka okumnandi kwesenzo sobulili (akunakwenzeka ukuxhumana nowesifazane omuhle kakhulu, udinga ukukhetha okubi kuphela kwalokhu).
Unkosikazi, kufanele kuqashelwe, akazange achithe isikhathi, futhi aqale futhi amangaza ohlangothini, okukhulu kakhulu kwakuyinoveli eno-Andrei White - umngani kanye ne-comactor yebhondi. Yini enye okwakudingeka yenze umfazi ompofu, ukushada nomuntu "wenhlanzi"? Kamuva, uthando luzobhala izikhumbuzo ezingcolile, lapho ngaphandle kokugcotshwa futhi lukhuluma ngokungananazi ngobuhlobo bakhe obude obungazi emshadweni. Ngokusho kwakhe, ubusuku bokuqala bomshado ngomqondo ophelele wegama kwenzeka kuphela unyaka ngemuva komshado, futhi ngemuva kwalokho umhlangano osegumbini lokulala wawungajwayelekile futhi udabukile.
Akumangazi ukuthi wahlatshwa umxhwele yintshiseko futhi u-Andrei White omhlophe, owawuphonsa ngezincwadi, izimbali kanye nezipho, wabe esenxusa ukuthi azosindisa iRussia, wabe esekhuthaza ukuthi alondoloze yonke i-PeterSburg ukuthi Isivumelwano saxazululeka - umshado! I-block akenzanga lutho ukuvimba lobu buhlanya, khona-ke okumhlophe kwaqala ukubhala izincwadi ezihlanya kuzo zombili - ukuthi yini ezophulwa! Wayefuna ukuzibulala, khona-ke abize imbangi nge-duel, kepha ekugcineni, waya eMoscow, wabe esekhona phesheya. Akazange alethe umphefumulo wembongi!
UMarina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva (1892 - 1941)
Isibonelo, ngolunye usuku wathandana nezincwadi zesiFulentshi futhi, ngaphandle kokuba afike ngisho nokugubha iminyaka engu-18, i-Psychoula futhi washiya iParis ukuza eSoronne, lapho afunda khona cishe unyaka. Wabe esebuyela eRussia futhi washeshe washada noSergey Efron, esethandwe ngesikhathi kumfowabo, owayezinikele ezinkondlweni eziningana ngokunikezela "P.E.". Noma, ngokwesibonelo, bambalwa abantu abaziyo ukuthi isampula of Love amazwi womculo, inkondlo edumile "Ngiyathanda ukuthi awuguli nami ..." Kubhalelwe uMauritius Mintz (umyeni kadadewabo kadadewabo), hhayi umlingani osemthethweni kube bonke.
Kepha emshadweni, uMarina washeshe waba yisidina, futhi waphothula inoveli edanile nomhumushi ongenathemba nomhumushi kaSophia Gamanka; Ubuhlobo babo bothando lwaqhubeka iminyaka emibili - nomyeni othokozisayo. I-TSVEEVA enikelwe kumjikelezo wabafana wezinkondlo "intombi", kepha bese ibuyela eSergey Efron. Ubudlelwano nalomfazi, uTsvetaeva uchazwa ngokuthi "inhlekelele yokuqala empilweni yakhe." Ngemuva kwalokho wabhala:
Thanda abesifazane kuphela (umfazi) noma amadoda kuphela (umuntu) kuphela, angazikhiphanga ngokungafani - yikuphi ukwesabeka! Kepha abesifazane kuphela (umuntu) noma amadoda kuphela (umfazi) kuphela, ngokusobala ngaphandle komdabu ongajwayelekile - isithukuthezi!
Yilokho owesilisa umphefumulo obanzi - imbongi yangempela! Wayengakwazi ukunqanda iminyaka noma ibanga noma isigibiyane - yikuphi okungenangqondo! Isibonelo, ukuthandana nePasternak Tsvetaeva kwaqala ngamasiko amahle kakhulu ka-Umeremomonia, isimilo sakhe, eshayisana nemibhalo yakhe yomuntu siqu ngemvula enkulu uMaria Rilke. Kepha umyeni kaSergei wakhokhiswa: "UMarina ungumuntu onothando. Ukuhlobana ngekhanda lakhe kuye esiphephweni sakhe sekuyisidingo, umoya wempilo yakhe. Isithando somlilo omkhulu, ukufudumeza izinkuni, izinkuni nezinkuni izinkuni. Umlotha ongadingekile uyaphonswa, ikhwalithi yezinkuni ayibalulekile kangako. Ukuphonsa kusekuhle - konke kuphenduka ilangabi. I-FUREOOD EBULELAYO ishiswe kunalokho ishisiwe, okungcono - isikhathi eside. Uyashesha afe. Umhlaba uhambe isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwezinyawo zakhe. Ukhuluma ngakho ngokuqhubekayo. Yebo, uma bengingashongo, kimi kungabonakala ... "
Ivan Aleksevich Bunin (1870 - 1953)
Unkosikazi wesibili ka-Anna Tsakney waphonsa i-bunin nangonyaka ngemuva komshado, wabalekela kuye e-Odessa yakhe yendabuko, yize ayevele ekhulelwe. Umlobi wakhathazeka kakhulu, wabhekelwa ukuzibulala, wabhala amanothi wefilosofi angapheli kanye nokuzibonakalisa, kuthathwe ngokulangazelela nokudabuka, waphinde waphuza kakhulu futhi wabhala futhi. Kepha hhayi umculo omude odlaliwe: Ngokushesha u-Ivan Aleksevich wahlangana nemfundela entsha kanye nomkakhe wesikhathi esizayo - unkosikazi wesikhathi esizayo - ukholo uMuromseva, owayehlala ndawonye iminyaka engama-46 ngaphambi kokufa. Ngokubambisana badlula emlilweni, enamanzi kanye namapayipi ethusi futhi bakhashelwa futhi bethembekile komunye nomunye. UVero akazange adida ngisho neqiniso lokuthi eminyakeni yamuva nje baba nomlobi uGalina Kuznetov cishe oneminyaka eyi-10 - ekuqaleni kwakuyisihlobo eside, bese kuba ngumngane, bese kuba sona kuphela ukuthi wayesecace nje ukuthi wayengumuntu othanda nje uBunin.
Kubukeka sengathi, yini okungaba ngcono? Ulwandle, iFrance, abesifazane ababili abakuthanda, umklomelo kaNobel - baphila futhi bajabule! Kepha i-bunin ngeke ibe yi-bunin, uma yonke into yayilula: kwavela (kunjalo ngenhlamba emibi nengulube) uGalya wathandana nodadewabo bomunye wabangane bombhali. Futhi wathandana kakhulu kangangokuba wamcela ukuba abhukule kwi-villa efanayo, lapho uqobo ayehlala khona emalungelweni esivakashi. Madhouse! Kepha ngenxa yalokhu, "izinsolo ezimnyama" zavela emhlabeni - mhlawumbe iqoqo lokubhoboza kakhulu inoveli ngothando.