Konke esingakucabangi ngakho kubonakala kulula kithi. Lapha, ngokwesibonelo, izinombolo. I-Mathematics isengaba nzima, futhi izinombolo zingamabheji nje akhombisa izinombolo ezivela ku-zero kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye. Kubukeka ngathi ngendlela ehlukile futhi akunakuba! Kepha impucuko eningi ibhekwa njengenye indlela.
Izinhlamvu eziphindwe kabili ze-alfabhethi
Kwezinye izizwe, indima yezinombolo ngokwesiko yenza izinhlamvu, ngasinye sazo esibonisa noma amayunithi, noma amakhulu, noma amakhulu nezinkulungwane.
Kancane, doparerovskaya rus kanye ne-Ethiopia ehlukaniswe; Ukukhombisa ukuthi izinhlamvu zidinga ukufundwa kahle ukuthi izinombolo, isithonjana esikhethekile sajoyina. KwabaseRussia, wabizwa ngokuthi "isihloko":
Azikho izinombolo ze-zero kuzo zonke lezi zinhlelo, futhi eziningi zazo azikwazi ukubhala izinombolo ezingaphezu kuka-999. Ngokwase kube lula ukuzisebenzisa ukuze zibale ukubala, iqiniso lokuthi izibalo zamaGrikhi ezilotshwe ngezinombolo zazo "futhi" ziphendule ", Futhi lesi sinqumo senziwa kusetshenziswa iBabiloni Clinix System. Uhlelo lwe-Jebullonian Clini. Ngaphandle kwalokho kwakulula ukuza nokufundisa okusha kwefilosofi kunokuxazulula okuthile okunzima ngaphezu kwesihlanu.
Izithombe ezijabule zabaseGibhithe lasendulo
Izizwe zaseTutankhamon neNefertiti zazinencwadi ethuthukiswe kakhulu ye-hieroglyphic - lokho akudingi ukuba buthuthele kancane, kepha abakwazanga ukukhetha izithonjana ngazinye ngaphansi kwezinombolo. Iyunithi laliphawulwa yi-hieroglyph efanayo ukuthi isici, ishumi nambili - isithende, izintambo eziyikhulu - i-loop, i-lotus. Kepha izinkulungwane eziyishumi zabantu baseYurophu zingalindelekanga kakhulu, ngoba yile ngxenye yomzimba sihlobanisa namayunithi abuhlungu - umunwe! Inkulungwane eyikhulu yabhalwa, kepha isithonjana sesigidi sasihlukile. Uveze umuntu oguqe edolweni lakhe waphakamisa izingalo zakhe, njengokungathi ukwethuka phambi kwesibalo esinjalo. Noma, uma ucabanga ngakho, isigidi singama-toad ayikhulu noma iminwe eyinkulungwane.
Izithonjana ze-Maja
Kepha uMayan wayenezindlela ezimbili zokuqopha izinombolo. Cishe kwabantu okuyisidina futhi kumnandi. Uhlelo lwe-zero oluyisicefe luqoshwe ngegobolondo, iphuzu - iphuzu, umugqa opholile - futhi lezi zithonjana ezintathu zanele ukucacisa noma iyiphi inombolo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinombolo zaqoshwa cishe ngesimiso esifanayo esinazo, uhlelo kuphela lwalungekhulu ngaphezu kwamashumi amabili. Okungukuthi, iphuzu lamarekhodi negobolondo (10) kusho ukuthi amashumi amabili (20) ethu. Futhi eziyishumi zangempela zaqoshwa njengezici ezimbili (5 no-5).
Umtholazo WaseBabiloni
Abantu baseBabiloni basebenzise uhlelo lwezinombolo ezinezinyanga eziyisithupha, kodwa nakuwo nalowo amashumi ayisithupha, it, ukwahlulela ngendlela yokuqopha, kwakuyidesimali elijwayelekile. Abantu baseBabiloni bakujabulela zero, yize bengakubheki njengenombolo ehlukile. Ngokuqondene nokuqoshwa kwezinombolo ngqo, ngokushesha kuqala ukuceba emehlweni ngokushesha. Sikholwa ngenxa yethonya elinjalo lethonya lezibalo laseBabiloni laseBabilonia kwakuzothola ubisi, futhi ubhiya ongcono, ngoba ngenye indlela ahlala engqondweni yabo, akubuke usuku lonke, akunakwenzeka:
AmaRoma Asendulo: Ama-Fianers and Munyens
Uma uqala ukubheka nje, amaRoma asendulo njengoba amaGrikhi asebenzisa irekhodi lama-alfabhethi lezinombolo. Eqinisweni, basebenzise izinhlamvu ezithile kuphela zokuqanjwa okunemibandela kwamayunithi neziqongo kuma-decond. Ngendlela, ekuqaleni kwakuyingxenye yalezi zintambo ze-dig ezincwadini zobudlelwano bezingenazo, lezi zazifana nezinhlamvu zamaRoma ezinamabheji, ngokuchazwa kweminwe ( I. - Iyunithi), Palm ( V. - Kuhlanu, kuphela kusuka kuma-ETRusSCans ayengukuvunzana) namasundu amabili aseduze ( X. - ishumi). AmaRoma nawo ajwayele ukuqoka izinombolo ngezinhlamvu. L. (50, ishumi nambili), C. (100), D. (500, amakhulu amahlanu) futhi M. (1000). Amanani amakhulu aboniswa ukusetha izinhlamvu eziya emgqeni, okusho ukuthi ukuphindaphindeka ngo-1000. Ngakho-ke, i-5000 is V. (5) ngesici, 10 000 - X. (10) ngesici, njalonjalo. Ngo-2015 iRoma lasendulo laliyosho kanjena: I-MMXV. (1000 + 1000 + 10 + 5). Ngale ndlela yokufakiwe, i-bookbone ehlukile ayidingeki nge-zero, ukuze ku-zero uqobo ngokwayo bengazi ukuthi inani lamaRoma lalingalazi kanjani.I-Inki: ama-nodules wememori
I-Incas yayinezinhlobo ezimbili zokubhala. Ama-Classical, ama-nodule ("kipu") kanye nobukhulu obubili, ngesimo samarekhodi ngesikhumba, amaqabunga kanye nemihlobiso yezingubo ("Kilka"). UKipu wayenezinhlobo eziningi zobunzima. Ukuqoshwa kwezinombolo kwama-nolsos kwakubangela wonke ama-inks abadala. Incwadi ejwayelekile ibingeyabantu abafundile (ngokwesibonelo, izikhulu - ama-Incas ayengumbuso omkhulu we-bureaucratic), futhi le ncwadi inzima, iyadingeka kumarekhodi anemininingwane futhi anemininingwane - ososayensi kuphela nabakholelwa kwizazi ezingabaJuda. Isikhashana esizenzakalelayo sathathwa njengohlobo lokubhala olukhethekile, abantu abajwayelekile benqatshelwe ukuyisebenzisa. Amanani, njengamagama, ku-Kipa akhonjwe ama-nodule efomu elithile. Ososayensi bathi i-Inca isebenzise uhlelo lwamahora ayishumi nezinombolo ezirekhodiwe, njengoba sibakhombisa kuma-akhawunti - kuphela esikhundleni semigqa yamafindo kwakuyimigqa yezindawo. Kumele ngithi, izinombolo zaseYurophu ze-Inca ezifundwe ngabaseSpain ngezinye izikhathi, zabathola belula, enesidina futhi abayisiwula, futhi behlekisa ngokungananazi. Ekuphenduleni, amaSpain athukwe ahlangana eSym Symy Kip. Ngakho-ke imiyalo eminingi ebalulekile yomlando ebalulekile yanyamalala. By the way, ama-Incas ayengabantu bokuqala abasebenzisa i-akhawunti ephindwe kabili ekulandiseni (aqophe imali edonswa ngemalimboleko). Ukuze uthole i-computing, basebenzise umbono othile we-akhawunti, iSupan. Abanye ososayensi banamuhla bakholelwa ukuthi uJupan usebenze ohlelweni lwezinombolo zeFibonaccia, olusungulwe yi-Inca, kunjalo, isikhathi eside ngaphambi kweFibonacci.