URobin Hood waziwa emhlabeni wonke njengomunye wamaqhawe athandekayo kakhulu eNgilandi. Le ndaba iguqulwe kaninginingi kwizikrini, ngakho-ke wonke umuntu ubone okungenani ifilimu elilodwa ngalokhu "umphangi omuhle". Noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi bazi okuncane ngomlando wangempela walo mlingisi, nokuthi yini abayaziyo ikakhulukazi. Masinikeze amaqiniso amancane angu-10 ngoRobin Hood.
1. Akekho owazi kahle ukuthi ngabe lo mlingisi uyafezeka yini
"I-Robin Hood" yangempela, njengoba ikholwa, kwakunguRobert Goodwood, isigebengu esisebenza enyakatho yeNgilandi phakathi kwe-XII ne-XIV emakhulwini eminyaka. Inkinga kuphela ukuthi izigebengu ezinjalo ziningi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ubheka izinketho zokubhala igama kwi-Folklore (Hood, HOD, Hod, njl.). Isibonelo, kwakukhona umbaleki ogama lakhe nguRobert "Hobbehodi" Hood, owayehlala eYorkshire ezungeze u-1255. Futhi, umuntu onegama elifanayo waboshwa eRokingem cishe ngo-1354 wokuzingela izizathu zokuzingela ebukhosini. Omunye uRobert de Huda ubengo-1199 nge-deserter of Henry II Army.
Noma yimuphi walaba (nabanye abaningi) kungenzeka ukuthi wayeyi-robin hood "yangempela". Noma ubani kubo. Abanye futhi nakancane bathi leli gama kwakuyi-pseudonym nje, isidlaliso sokuthi izigebengu zaze zazama ukubalekela emthethweni. Kulokhu, i-hood isho "Hood" (ngesiNgisi - "Hood"), ababevame ukugqoka. Uma lokhu kuyiqiniso, i-robin hood yayingeyona inganekwane, kepha nje "umqondo othile ongumbhalo" oqondile. " Futhi ingachaza ukuthi "wayaziwa kanjani kabanzi kangaka.
2. Akahlangene ngalutho nama-crusaders
Amafilimu amaningi ahlangana noRobin Hood ngeziphambano ezweni elingcwele. Isibonelo, lokhu kungabikwa ngochungechunge oluthi "Robin kusuka eSherwood", kanye nakamuva "Robin Hood: INkosana Yamasela."Kepha isihloko se-crusade sangezwa ezinganekwaneni ngeRobin Hood, kuphela lapho uSir Walter Scott wabhala "i-Ivango" ngekhulu le-XIX. Eqinisweni, uRobin Hood ubonakala sengathi akahlali ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaRichard, inhliziyo yebhubesi, lapho kwaqala khona ama-crusade. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-ballads okuqala awahlangene ngalutho nakho konke lokhu, ama-crusaders abengekho kuwo nakancane.
3. UMfoweth 'uTuk wavela kamuva
Kubo bonke "abantu abajabulayo" (amaqembu ezigebengu ahambisana noRobin Hood) uMfoweth 'uTuk ngokungangabazeki ngokungangabazeki. Kepha akakhulunywa ngawo ama-ballads okuqala. Kanye nentombi yakwaMarian, uMfoweth 'uTuk wavela ezinganekwaneni ngeRobin Hood ngenxa yemikhiqizo yendalo yaseshashalazini. Igama lakhe, mhlawumbe, livela egameni le-finyeziwe noma "ligcwalisiwe" le-monk, elalilungele ukudansa (kanye nezimpi).
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi imininingwane iphakamisa ukuthi lo muntu wayengokoqobo. Eminyakeni emibili yobukhosi kusuka ngo-1417, kwakhulunywa ngaye ngesidingo sokuboshwa komuntu othile "uMfoweth 'uTuka", kamuva owabizwa ngegama (encwadini evela ku-1429) URobert Stafford, uCapellan Lindfield eSussex.
Kunobufakazi bokuthi uJohane omncane kungenzeka futhi abe ngumuntu wangempela, kodwa cishe waphila eminyakeni eyikhulu ngaphambili. Isibonelo, ngo-1323, e-Yorkshire kwakukhona umzingeli wezinyamazane ezingekho emthethweni uJohn Kancane, futhi ngo-1318 elinye leqembu laliyingxenye kaJohn Le Chararier. Kuyaziwa ukuthi indoda yosayizi omkhulu, eyayibizwa ngokuthi kancane kancane uJohn, yaba yiRobin Hood Hood eyinhloko ngemuva kweqhawe elishaya i-duel.
4. IMach, indodana kaMelnik ayinakwa ezindabeni zesimanje
Abantu abahle kakhulu abahlekisayo (okungenani labo amagama abo ayaziwa) - Kuzobomvu, i-Alan evela emgodini (Alan-e-Dale) noMach, indodana kaMelnik. U-Scarlet wayengumlingiswa wesibili kuma-ballads asekuqaleni futhi ekuqaleni wawubizwa nge-Sdwall.
U-Alan ovela emgodini osendaweni yokuqala wawungekho. Kukhulunywa okokuqala ngenganekwane yekhulu le-XVII, lapho uRobin Good alusindisa khona u-Alan othandekayo emshadweni onodlame ne-Old Knight. Lo mlingisi uvame ukuboniswa njengomuntu othanda ukuya esikhathini nowothanda umculo, ngokungafani namanye amaqhawe "anesibindi.
Okuvelele kakhulu kwabantu abajabulayo e-ballads yi-moss, indodana kaMelnik. Noma kunjalo, imvamisa akukhulunywa ngamafilimu, kufaka phakathi i-Disney Robin Gude (1973) kanye neBlockbuster Tarley Scott ngo-2010. Mhlawumbe lokhu kungenxa yokuthi iMach yinhle kakhulu yabantu abahlekisayo. Isibonelo, eBlabhadi "Robin Hood noMfu noMfu." Uboniswa njengombulali onegazi elipholile ongacabangi ngokuthi umfana omncane uyabulawa. Esinye isizathu esenza 'sikhohliwe', "kungenzeka kube njalo, ngokungafani nabanye abantu abahlekisayo, ukukhula kanye nesisindo sikaJohane omncane, i-ARP Alan izobe ibomvu, i-ALAN ALAN EBONAKALA KAKHULU KANYE Intombi yabesifazane Marian), konke okwaziwayo ngaye ukuthi wayeyindodana kaMelnik. Ayikho indaba ngemvelaphi yayo.
5. Ifilimu le-2018 lingenye ifilimu elizayo
I-Otto Fisher Baffesta "Robin Hood: Ukuqala", okuzokhishwa kwizikrini ekwindla yalo nyaka, kuzoba ukuguqulwa kwenganekwane kwenganekwane, kodwa kuze kube sekupheleni.Abakwa-Sony bafuna ukudubula i-franchise entsha mayelana ne- "Medierol Superhero" Robin Hood, ama-Disney ahlela ukusebenzisa amaPirates Pirates aseCaribbean ngefilimu yakhe ngoRobin Hood, i-Warner Bros. Isebenza ngefilimu yakhe ngoRobin Hood ibizelwe "hood", futhi ama-Dreamworks amemezele ukuthi "abantu abamnandi" ngaphezulu kweminyaka emihlanu edlule.6. USheriff Nottinghamsky
Kwelinye i-ballad yokuqala "uRobin Hood noGuy Gisborne" ekugcineni uRobin babulala umphikisi waphakade, uSheriff. Iqhawe lihlangana noMnumzane Guy kusuka kuGisborne, othi uzingela isigebengu, kodwa angazi ukuthi ubukeka kanjani. Ngenxa yalokho, uRobin ubulala ogwini, wehla ezingutsheni zakhe, unciphise ikhanda lesidumbu, unxuse ubuso futhi udlulise ikhanda lakhe eSherif Nottingham, esho ukuthi le khanda leRobin Hood. Emva kwalokho, wenqabile umklomelo futhi esikhundleni semali efunwa ukulwa noJohn omncane, owathunjwa ngaphambi kwaleyo. Lapho abasebenza naye betholakala ejele, babulala usherifu ndawonye.
Okujabulisayo, okuthunyelwe kwe-sheriff ku-Nottingham kukhona kuze kube namuhla. Futhi ngesikhathi sokubhala i-athikili nguSheriff of the Englity City ngowesifazane.
7. Umthungi weRobin Hood ufihliwe emphakathini
Ngokwe-ballads yakuqala (mhlawumbe, imithombo ethembekile kunazo zonke), uRobin Hood wabulawa ngumzala wakhe, owayebaluleke kakhulu yezindela ezingenacala. Ngaphansi kokuzenzisa kokuqala kwegazi (okwamukelwa ngokwengeziwe ukwelashwa ezifweni eziningi), usika enye yemithambo kaRobin futhi wamvumela ukuthi aphelelwe yisikhathi ngegazi, ngemuva kwalokho aphumelele, u-ring Roger wase-doncaster (wayekade ebomvu), waqeda umphangi nge Inkemba (yize uRobin ekwazile ukusebenzisa ukuthi uyinxeba elibulalayo ekuphenduleni). Kukholakala ukuthi lapho efa, uRobin waxosha umcibisholo ehlathini wacela umngcele omncane ukuba angcwabe lapho umcibisholo wawela khona.
I-kerlesky monastery ye-Watchtower igcinwa, futhi ihlathi elizungezile libhekwa njengendawo yethuna likaRobin Hood. Kepha ukuhlonipha i-Folk Hero-Robber, udinga ukwephula umthetho ngokwakho, ngoba wonke amahlathi asendaweni yangasese. Futhi, ngokungafani nezinto zomlando zaseBrithani, azikho izikhombisi noma amathrekhi abahamba ngezinyawo abaholela ethuneni.
Njengamanje, le ndawo (kungenzeka ukuthi, ihlalwa yi-Ghosts) isemanxiweni, ikhule nge-moss, kepha isabukeka kahle futhi ayiqondakali. Kukholakala ukuthi isikhumbuzo samanje senziwa sabuya phambilini, esihlukanisa abantu becabanga ukuthi uyakwazi ukuphulukisa izinhlungu ezinamazinyo.
8. Ihlathi leSherwood lisongela ingozi
Ngisho ngo-1609, eminyakeni eyikhulu ngemuva kwezikhombo zokuqala kuRobin Gude, ihlathi leSherwood lalinezinhlamvu ezingaphezu kuka-32 nobubanzi obungamakhilomitha ayi-12, amakhilomitha ayisishiyagalombili, ehlala endaweni engamahektha angama-40,000 e-Nottinghamshire. Kodwa-ke, kwakungeyona ihlathi eliqinile. Eqinisweni, "ihlathi" bekuwukuqokwa kwezomthetho kuphela kwalesi sikhathi esabelwe amalungelo enkosi akhethekile enkosi, kanye nama-meadows avulekile, aqine, njll afakiwe eSherwood, njll.
Ezikhathini zasendulo, isimo sasicishe sifane. Kule ndawo kwakukhona ihlathi eliminyene okungenani iminyaka eyi-10,000, futhi izihlahla eziningi sezigcwalisekile namuhla zamakhulu amaningana eminyaka.
Muva nje, inkampani yaseBrithani ye-Fecking ineos yathola imvume yokwenza izifundo zokuzamazama komhlaba endaweni, futhi waqala ukwenza umsebenzi oqhumayo, wabeka amacala ngaphansi komhlaba. Le nkampani yaqinisekisa umphakathi ukuthi ezinye zezingxenye ezibucayi kakhulu zemvelo zehlathi le-sherwood ngeke zithintwa, kodwa, njengoba kwenzeka, kwakungamanga.
9. URobin Hood wayengeyena "amaKhomanisi" amaKhomanisi "
Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi uRobin Hood "antshontshele abacebile futhi anika abampofu," ngakho-ke abanye babheka kuye uhlobo lwamaqhawe amaKhomanisi. E-USSR, lesi sithombe sasisetshenziswa ngawo-1970s - 1980s kumafilimu amaningana e-Propaganda.Kodwa-ke, akukho lutho kuma-ballads okuqala abonisa ukuthi i-robin hood yayingumguquki. Yize bebekhuluma ngezinkinga zenhlalo kanye namakilasi, azikho izimfuneko zokuthi uRobin Gud wafuna ukukhansela uhlelo lwenhlalo futhi wabelwa kabusha ingcebo yabampofu. Esikhundleni salokho, walwela ukuqeda uhlelo olukhona lwenhlalo yenkohlakalo - intela ngokweqile yenkosi nokuphamba okuvinjelwe kwesherifu.
10. UVirgo Marion angaba mnyama
I-Medieval Europe yayikude nokuhlukaniswa kwamasiko; Eqinisweni, abantu bayo yonke imibala yesikhumba babehlala e-UK, okungenani phakathi nesikhathi samaRoma. Futhi babengekho nhlobo nabathengisi nezinceku. ENkosini yaseScotland IV uJacob IV kwakunezinkantolo eziningi ezimnyama, ezahlulela ngokwazo, inkosi (usilika, i-brocade, imikhiqizo yegolide) kwakungeyona inceku noma izigqila ezithile. E-York, kusanda kuthola izinsalela zenhlangano yemvelaphi yase-Afrika. Amakhulu eminyaka edlule, imiqhudelwano yayivame ukuhlonishwa ukuhlonipha intombazane ebizwa ngokuthi yintokazi emnyama noma intokazi emnyama. Ukucwasana kungenzeka kungabi khona eBrithani waze waqala ukusetshenziselwa ukucacisa ubukoloni - ukugqilazwa kanye nokuqothulwa komhlaba omnyama phesheya kweBrithani.
Ngokwemvelo, lokhu akusho ukuthi i-ntombi yaseMarian ingaba mnyama, kepha abacwaningi abaningana bakhomba ukuxhumana kwe-etymologiloom phakathi kwegama lakhe (kwesinye isikhathi okubizwa ngokuthi "Morrit") kanye "nomdanso we-Mauris" noma "abahlanganyeli kwesinye isikhathi upende ubuso babo ngombala omnyama.