Namuhla, lapho ufunda lo mbhalo esikrinini sekhompyutha noma kudivayisi ephathekayo, kunzima ukucabanga ngisho nokucabanga ukuthi abantu bake bahlala kanjani eminyakeni eyi-100 - 200 edlule. Namuhla, akunakwenzeka ukuthi umuntu angalala ngotshani, ageze izingubo kanye ngesonto futhi aphathwe kumuntu ngaphandle kwemfundo yezokwelapha. Kunzima ukuhambisa, khona-ke umhlaba wethu uhlukile kakhulu kulowo ogogo nomkhulu bethu abakhulu abaphila kuwo. Ngakho-ke, obekujwayele okhokho bethu, futhi kubonakala kungamukeleki kakhulu.
1. Ukugeza izingubo ngesandla
Noma ngubani onayo noma owayengumndeni uzosho into eyodwa ngokugeza: akupheli. Uma konke kubi kangaka ngo-2018, kufanelekile ukucabanga kuphela ukuthi bekuyini ukugeza ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Ngemuva kwalokho abantu bafudumeza amapani amakhulu ngamanzi phezu komlilo, bese begeza zonke izingubo ngesandla ngosizo lwebhodi yokuwasha (lokhu kungcono) noma bangqongqoze itshe lakhe.
Ngokuyisisekelo, imindeni eminingi ihlelwe ukugeza kanye ngesonto, futhi nguwe kuphela ongacabanga ukuthi abantu "abanamakha" ngaleso sikhathi, banikezwe ukuthi iningi labantu labasebenza ngokomzimba. Umshini wokuwasha wokuqala kagesi, ogama lakhe linguThor, wathengiswa yi-Hurley Machine Company eChicago ngo-1908. Futhi kusukela lapho, inkathi yokuwasha izingubo yaqala ukudiliza ukushona kwelanga.
2. Lala kumatilasi utshani
Ngaphambi kokuvela kwemibhede yanamuhla ethambile, abantu babelala ikakhulu kumatilasi abagcwele utshani. Ezikhathini zangaphambili, abantu abajwayelekile banamathela omatilasi utshani, ngoba izimpaphe kwakunzima ukufinyelela kuzo, noma kwakudingeka zishayele inani elifanele lezimpaphe.
Ngasikhathi sinye, utshani notshani babekhona nakanjani yonke indawo, futhi bakwazi ukukhokhela noma ngubani. Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi utshani uphukile, enye inkinga itholwe ngayo: izimbungulu. Lezi zinambuzane ezincane ezinonya zikhanye ngaphandle kwemibhede yotshani ebusuku futhi ziboshwe abantu ababekhathele kangangokuba bengazizwa nalolo suku abangazange baluzwe.
3. Izingane Zokutholwa Ngaphandle Kwezincwadi
Ngesikhathi somama bethu abakhulu, ukutholwa kwabo akuzange kulawulwe yimiphi imithetho. Kwakunjalo, umndeni noma umphakathi, kepha akukho nkinga esemthethweni. Abesifazane abaningi abasebasha babesamba ngasese futhi banikeze izingane izihlobo, abangane bomndeni noma amakhaya ezingane, ngaphandle kokugcwalisa noma yimaphi amaphepha.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi e-US, lo mkhuba wahlala uvame kakhulu emiphakathini yabantu baseMelika bendabuko nango-1960s. Amaphesenti ayisishiyagalombili nanhlanu ezingane zabaseMelika bomdabu abathathwe emindenini yabo kusukela ngo-1941 kuya ku-1967, bakhulela emindenini engahlobene nabantu bomdabu. Kuze kube namuhla, abanye babo abazi ukuthi bangubani abazali babo.
4. baba odokotela ngaphandle kokuvakashela isikole
Ekhulu le-XVIII leminyaka kwakungezo izinketho eziningi kakhulu zokuthola iziqu zangempela zezokwelapha. ENtshonalanga, kungenzeka ukuthi ukhethe izifundo e-Edinburgh, eLeiden noma eLondon, kodwa akunakukhokhela wonke umuntu. Ngenxa yalokho, iningi labantu laba odokotela besebenzisa uhlelo lokufunda umsebenzi.
Umfundi uchithe iminyaka emibili noma emithathu ngodokotela lapho efuna imali yokuthola imali nokuthi wenzani wonke umsebenzi ongcolile ngothisha wakhe. Ngemuva kwalokho, wavunyelwa ukwenza umuthi ngokuzimela. Lokhu, ukusibeka ngobumnene, akufani nezemfundo yanamuhla yezokwelapha.
5. Thumela izingane hhayi esikoleni, kepha ukusebenza
Ngo-1900, amaphesenti ama-18 abo bonke abasebenzi emhlabeni ayengaphansi kweminyaka engu-16, futhi le nombolo yanda ngayo eminyakeni eyalandela.
Imvamisa abazali benqabile ukuthumela izingane zabo esikoleni (ngoba kwakusho izindleko), futhi esikhundleni salokho bathumela ukuba basebenze. Lezi zingane zaziyizisebenzi ezifanele ezindaweni ezinjengezimayini noma ifektri, lapho zazincane ngokwanele ukuba zingene phakathi kwemishini noma emakamelweni amancane ngaphansi komhlaba. Izingane zenze umsebenzi omningi oyingozi, okuvame ukuholela ezifweni noma ngisho nokufa.
6. Sahamba ngomgwaqo ngaphandle komkhawulo wejubane
Yize ngo-1901 eConnecticut amukelwe umthetho wejubane lezimoto ezihamba ngezimoto ngehora (i-12 mph ngehora lasemakhaya, kulo lonke elase-United States, abashayeli base bevunyelwe Gibela nganoma yisiphi isivinini.
Imithetho yokuqala yendawo yonke yomgwaqo ivele eNew York ngo-1903, kepha imingcele yejubane ayizange inithi yonke indawo (ngokwesibonelo, kuze kube sekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990s eMontana kwakungekho mkhawulo wejubane ngesikhathi sasemini).
7. Uthisha usho unesizungu
Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-xx, abesifazane abashadile bebengavunyelwe ukuba abafundisi nhlobo, kanye nabesifazane abanezingane. Noma ngabe lona wesifazane eba umfelokazi, akavunyelwanga ukuba uthisha ukuze azitholele yena nezingane. Umsebenzi kaMfundisi watholwa kuphela kwabesifazane abangashadile ngaphandle kwezingane futhi wabheka ukuthi iningi labesifazane lishade kuze kube yiminyaka engu-19 noma engama-20 ubudala, abafundisi abaningi babebancane kakhulu. Ngo-1900, cishe amaphesenti angama-75 athisha kwakukhona abesifazane, futhi kuphela ukwakheka kwabo lokho abakufundile esikoleni.I-3 yayingenayo imiqondo mayelana nentsha
Namuhla kungahle kubonakale kuyinto emangazayo, kodwa ngekhulu le-XIX Amagama athi "Intsha" ayikho. Kwakukhona izingane, futhi kwakudala, futhi umuntu wayethathwa njengomunye. Kungemva kokusungulwa kwemoto kanye nokutholwa kwamayunivesithi abantu abaneminyaka yobudala ukusuka eminyakeni eyi-13 kuye kwayi-19 ubudala kubonwa njengeqembu elihlukile. Esikhundleni sokushada nabo aneminyaka engu-15-16 ubudala, abazali baqala ukuvumela izingane zabo ukuba 'zikhule' ezinye futhi zinakekele. Noma kunjalo, ukuqomisana esikhathini esidlule kwenzeka kuphela endlini nokuba khona okuphoqelekile kwabazali. Kamuva, lapho kwavela izimoto, intsha yanikezwa ngokwengeziwe ngokwabo, futhi inkantolo yaphenduka iqiniso lokuthi namuhla laziwa njengosuku.
11. Utshwala ngaphansi kokuvinjelwa
Kusukela ngo-1919 kuya ku-1933 e-United States, uma othile efuna ukujabulela isiphuzo esithandekayo ngemuva kosuku olude nolunzima, akakwazanga ukuthenga ibhodlela lewayini esitolo noma liye kubha. Ezifundazweni ngalesi sikhathi kwaba okuthiwa ngumthetho owomile. Utshwala bumenyezelwa uhulumeni ongaphandle koMthetho ukuze 'akahlukunyezwa.'
Kodwa-ke, eqinisweni, eqinisweni, ukunqatshelwa okunjalo kuguqule abantu abajwayelekile ezigebengwini, kanti izigebengu zisengcupheni. Ukukhiqizwa kanye nokusatshalaliswa kotshwala ngokungemthetho sekuyibhizinisi elinenzuzo kakhulu lamaqembu ahleliwe, aholela ekukhuleni kwawo. Ukusetshenziswa kotshwala okungekho emthethweni kwathathwa njengokuthile "okuhlekisayo nobukhazikhazi." Akumangazi ukuthi uMthetho owomile uzidelela ngokuphelele futhi ekugcineni wakhanselwa ngoDisemba 5, 1933.
10. Kubhukuda ngumndeni wonke kubhavu owodwa
Uma umuntu engekho ngenhlanhla yokuhlala eduze komfula, kungenzeka, wayengenamanzi, futhi kubo bonke abantu emndenini kwakufanelekile ngezinto zokugeza, ukuthola amanzi kanye. Inqubo yokuphatha ibikuhlelekile: Imvamisa inhloko yokuqala yomndeni egeziwe, emva kwakhe, bonke abanye. Yebo, konke kuyiqiniso, umntwana omncane kunabo bonke ageza ngamanzi, lapho kwakukhona abantu abaningana phambi kwakhe.