IBabiloni, elisuselwa ku-4000 BC, libhekwa njengelinye lempucuko yokuqala. Njengoba wazi, ngenxa yeKhodi yeHammurapi, iBabiloni lalingumphakathi onesiko elicebile futhi elithuthukile, ngokubhala kwakhe, izibalo, imisebenzi ehlukahlukene futhi, kunjalo, imikhuba yokulala. Akekho namaPuritan, amaGrikhi asendulo abheka amasiko agcwele ubulili.
1. Embhedeni nomuntu ongaziwa
Imithombo yamaGrikhi isho lukhulu ngempilo yezocansi yabantu baseBabiloni, futhi, yiBabiloni lalingenza abantu banamuhla bebengenza abantu banamuhla bafiphele. Ngisho namaGrikhi asendulo abheka amasiko akhululekile eBhabhiloni uma kukhulunywa ngezindinganiso zobulili.
Isibonelo, enye yezenzo ezamukelwe ngokuvamile zahlangana nabafokazi, kusho njengomlobi wamaGrikhi uHerodotus. Uchaze isiko elilandelayo le-quirky: Owesifazane ngamunye waseBabiloni okungenani kanye lapho empilweni yakhe kwadingeka ukuthi aye ethempelini ukuze alale nendoda engaziwa ngokuphelele. Kuyiqiniso, kufanelekile ukuthi aqaphele ukuthi ezinye izazi-mlando ziphonsela inselelo ama-herododus amarekhodi, kepha ziyavuma ukuthi kwakukhona isifebe seBabiloni.
2. Ukufeba Kwethempeli
Ukufeba emathempelini kwenzeka yonke indawo kuwo wonke umhlaba wasendulo eduze kwe-crescent evundile futhi uzungeze. Lo mkhuba uhlehlela emuva kwisiko lasendulo laseSumeriya, elivuke ngo-4500 BC, lapho kwakhiwa khona amasiko aseBabiloni. Kukholakala ukuthi eBabiloni lenze amathempeli aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukuba afe prostitution. Lezi "zinto zaphezulu" kwakungeyona nje indawo lapho abantu bethenga khona izinsizakalo ezisondelene nabo - kwakuyisimo senkolo sabaseBabiloni lasendulo.Lapha angizange ngize nemali. Esikhundleni salokho, ingabizwa ngokuthi umkhuba owemukelwa ngokwengeziwe wokubonga nokukhulekela onkulunkulu baseBabiloni lasendulo. Kwakuyisiko elihlukile ngokuphelele kubantu baseBabiloni namasiko afanayo eMiddle East yasendulo, okwakuthathwa njengengxenye yempilo yabo yenkolo.
3. Ubumsulwa besono
Ngokuqinisekile amaKhristu azothuswa, eshaya eBabiloni lasendulo, ngoba emasikweni endawo kwakukhona isoni ukuthi singalali ucansi. Njengoba uHerodotus etshela lapho owesifazane efika ethempelini enombala oqondile (yize empilweni), indoda yokuqala eyaphonsa uhlamvu lwemali emadolweni kwakufanele alale nalona wesifazane. Noma ngabe kucebile noma kumpofu, kwabancane noma mdala, owesifazane akakwazanga ukwenqaba owesilisa, kungakhathalekile ukuthi unesimo sakhe senhlalo.
UHerodotus wabhala futhi ngokufeba okungahlelekile okungaphansi kwamathempeli, lapho indoda ivunyelwe ukulala khona nawo wonke umuntu onomkakhe noma izingane, uma ikhokhelwe imali yayo. Ngakho-ke, ngenxa yalabo ababefuna imibhede yombhede, kwakukhona amathuba amaningi eBabiloni lasendulo. Yize namuhla kungabonakala sengathi kubhebhethekile futhi kubeka, lo mkhuba wawugcwele futhi wamukeleka emasikweni aseBabiloni, esakha ukuzala esimweni se-fetish.
Kwakuyingxenye yesipiliyoni sezenkolo sendawo, izenzo zokunikela nokukhulekelwa konkulunkulukazi bawo ongokobulili u-Inanna (owaziwa nangokuthi i-Ishtar). Kunzima ngisho nokucabanga lokhu manje, kepha isiko lalikhona emhlabeni, lapho kwathathwa njengesono sokwenqaba ukuya ocansini.
4. Ukudla okukhohlakele
Ama-Orgies kanye nobufebe kwakuvame kakhulu emhlabeni wasendulo, futhi iBabiloni alikhethanga. Kodwa-ke, uthando olukhululekile kanye nobulili obuvulekile bebengagcini emikhosini emikhulu yonyaka, futhi ubuse esondelene nalo yonke indawo nasempilweni yansuku zonke. UHerodotus wakhuluma ngeziqongo zasendaweni nokuthi baqhutshelwa kanjani. Eqinisweni, abaseBabiloni lasendulo babethandwa yi-orgies, eyaqala ukudla okulula, kodwa kule nqubo yaba khululeka ngokwengeziwe.Njengoba isidlo sakusihlwa siqhubeka, kancane kancane abesifazane bacindezelwa, baze banqunu ngokuphelele. Ungaqagela kuphela ukuthi kwenzekeni, kepha uHerodotus waphawula ukuthi ngisho namaGrikhi abheka ngokugcwele emphakathini ashibhile emphakathini ngesikhathi sasemini.
5. Ukugculiswa komshado embhedeni
Ekhodini le-hamurapi, kuningi mayelana nemikhuba yezocansi yesikhathi nemithetho ephathelene nabo. EBabiloni lasendulo, umshado ngamunye kwadingeka uzinikele ocansini, futhi wawungathathwa njengenganekwane kuze kube abasanda kushada bangena engcupheni yocansi. Epuletini lamatshe, emuva emuva ngo-1754 BC, kwaqoshwa: "Uma owesilisa ethatha umkakhe kumkayo, kodwa akanakho ukuxhumana naye noma angangeni kwinkontileka yomshado, lona wesifazane akayena umkakhe kuye."
6. Sondela Yonke indawo
AbaseBabiloni babengenamihlwa noma banamahloni lapho kukhulunywa ngobusuku; Babethembisene kulokhu nganoma yisiphi isikhathi, noma kuphi futhi, bekungabonakala, nanoma ngubani, lapho befuna. AbaseBabiloni babethandana ngokusobala enkabeni yedolobha, ngotshani obuseduze noma bakhuphuka ophahleni lwendlu yabo, ukuze ukubuka komuzi kwavulwa phambi kwabo.Akekho umuntu ophikisana nokufana nokufana nabaseBabiloni kwakungamasiko avulelekile ngokobulili. Kusuka emathempelini kuya ophahleni, ngaphambi kokuba egumbini lokulala liye eceleni komgwaqo ... Abantu baseBabiloni bakwenza yonke indawo. Mhlawumbe, abaningi ngeke bacabange ngisho nomuzi wawo wonke umuntu obhekene nothando yonke indawo.
7. Izimakethe Zomshado
Izimakethe zomshado zazingenye ingxenye eyingqayizivele yesiko laseBabiloni. Kubo, abesifazane beminyaka yokuzala izingane bathengiswa emgomweni wokuthi "ubani ozonikeza intengo ephezulu kakhulu". Ulwazi ngalokhu luphinde lwafinyelela manje ngenxa yeHerodotus, echazwe ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi lezi zimakethe zisebenza kanjani.
Bonke abesifazane babehlala embuthanweni futhi bavuka, basuka kuleso sikhungo, ngemuva kwalokho abantu ezilalelini baqala ukubheja kuye ngomgomo wendali. Ngokuphikwa konke okwaziwa ngesiko lezocansi laseBabiloni, kungenzeka kube yimakethe yangempela, lapho amadoda athenge khona abafazi abafuna.
8. Amehlo amehlo
ICodex Hamurapi yaziwa ngomthetho ojwayelekile weso. Kukhombisa ngokusobala ukuthi yiziphi izijeziso ezilungile futhi ezilungile, ngoba lokho okwephula umthetho kanye nama-misdemeans. Vele, ucansi lwalungeyona into ehlukile kulokhu ... Kepha kwesinye isikhathi imibono yendawo mayelana nokuthi "iso lamehlo" laliyini, ukuyibeka ngobumnene, okungajwayelekile.Embhalweni ofanayo wezomthetho, kusukela ezikhathini zeBabiloni lasendulo, kuvunywa ngokulandelayo: Uma umuntu enguyise wentombi, kanti enye indoda ilale nendodakazi yakhe, khona-ke uyise wavunyelwa ukuba enze nomkakhe Kule ndoda ujabule ngaye, kuze kube yilapho kubulawa.
Kodwa-ke, eKhodi yeHammurapi, kuthiwa ngesimo esifanayo umuntu oholele entombini, uYise unelungelo lokubulala, futhi owesifazane kufanele asasele.
9. Ukuphinga
Njengoba kunikezwe umkhathi wokuziphatha okubi kwendawo yonke, okumangalisayo ukuthi ukuphinga kube nentengo ephezulu eBhabhiloni. Ngobugebengu obunjalo, isigwebo sentambo sahloswanakaliswe, futhi umfazi wabanjwa "ngokushisa," kwakudingeka ahlanze kanye nesithandwa sakhe, aboshwe ngentambo efanayo. Kodwa-ke, uma umyeni okhohlisiwe efuna ukusindisa umkakhe, kulokhu umthetho owanikezwa isihawu somuntu othanda. Uma umyeni wakhe anquma umkakhe, wambulala umuntu alele naye, wabulawa kanye naye.
10. Ubungqingili
Njengakwezinye izilimo eziningi emhlabeni kuya ekubusweni kweJudeo-Christian, okwenzeke ngemuva kokuba uKonstantin enze ubuKristu enkolweni esemthethweni yeRoma lasendulo, abantu baseBabiloni babelungele ubungqingili, njengamaGrikhi asendulo, bekwenza ngokukhululekile nangokukhululekile. Kodwa-ke, babenezenzo ezithile zobungqingili, okwakukholakala ukuthi zingeze ukwehluleka (futhi kwakukholelwa ukuthi labo okwakholakala ukuthi balethe inhlanhla).
Ososayensi basungule ukuthi amadoda aseBabiloni kwesinye isikhathi ayeyithanda indima yabesifazane ecansini, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka futhi ukuthi ubungqingili buye basebenzise inhloso efanayo - ukugwema ukukhulelwa). Kunoma ikuphi, abaseBabiloni babeyinqaba kakhulu "Friki" ngezindinganiso zanamuhla ngezindlela eziningi.