Iziphathimandla ezithembekile - into enhle, kepha kuthiwani uma igunya lilahleka ngokuqinile, inkosi iyenzeka ngokusobala, futhi konke kusenamahloni okusho komunye nomunye ngakho?
Sikhethe iningi leshumi, mhlawumbe sibuyiselwe imisebenzi yakudala, sithathwa njengenhle ukukhuluma ukuthi kungani zibalulekile emlandweni nawesiko, kepha ngeze zisezinhle.Ibhubesi tolstoy "impi nokuthula"
Yize ukuchazwa kokuthi "konke" kwethu "kufakwe i-pushkin, kepha indoda yaseRussia iziphatha kungathi empeleni" empeleni "yethu" iyibhubesi iTolstoy, futhi ikakhulukazi ezothando lwayo levolumu ehlukahlukene. Ukutshela ukuthi kungani le noveli mihle, konke kuyahamba. Futhi, ngokweqiniso, usayizi uqobo, nencazelo yenkohliso yolimi ngokuthi "mkhulu", futhi ujabule ngayo yonke umbono wohlelo lomlobi (wow! Umbono ojwayelekile ezincwadini) , nesithombe sikaNatasha Rostova, ngoba kuhle.
Eqinisweni, usayizi ubekelwe ngokuqinile ekufakweni kombhalo wokuziphatha, owenziwe ngokuncipha kanye nomuzwa wokubaluleka koMlobi. Uma ufuna ukubona inkohlakalo ekhaleleka, kungcono ukufunda u-Andrei Platonova, ku-Ofnyere, kungukuthi inani eliphakeme lezaba. Ubukhulu bomqondo "futhi amaqhawe ami amahle ahambe kancane kunokujwayelekile, futhi okubi ngaso leso sikhathi" kanye nokufana kokungabaza kakhulu, ubukhulu bemibono eliveziwe (abesifazane - iziwula! Ikakhulu lezo ezingeyona isiwula! Isosha -! I-Intellegents - lit!) - Ukungabaza kakhulu.
Kubukeka sengathi i-Russian Intellicia inamathela esifisweni esikhulu sokuba ne-epic yaseRussia, engathuthumela futhi okungahanjiswa phambi kwabanye. Izakhiwo zokhokho bethu ziyaqondakala, njengawo wonke umuntu, kepha ngemuva kokuvela 'kokuthula' ukunamathela 'ukulwa nezwe', ungakwazi kuphela i-inertia. "Ukuthula UDon" kwaba yiqiniso lokuthi "impi nezwe" kusanda kuvukakala ukuba kube: i-Russian Epos, ibhalwe kahle, ayihlanjululwa yimali ye-ego yombhali, ibonisa umphefumulo wamaRussia. Ah, yebo. Lapho, alikho i-nawasha rostova eneminyaka eyishumi nantathu. Lokhu, yiqiniso, kushintsha leli cala, yebo-aa.
Ibhubesi tolstoy "Anna Karenina"
Njengoba sesivele siqoke amaRoma amakhulu, u-Ida ukujabula futhi akhonze konke okuphume ngenxa yezimpaphe ezifanayo. Isibonelo, le ndaba ka-Anna Karenina, into efana nenguqulo ethe xaxa ye-Madame Bovarie kanye nokubhala okwengeziwe - Ama-Opera we-Sopoy avela empilweni ye-Senory ecebile neyeshwa. Empeleni, inoveli futhi yabhala ohlosweni lochungechunge lwamantombazane, "ngokuqhubeka", ngothando oludidayo nemizwa eyinkimbinkimbi. Kepha uTolstoy wayengeke abe namanoni, ukube bekungengenxa yokuvula imikhuba eminingi futhi ukhiphe ekhaleni lamaqhawe namaqhawe wedrama yezwe. Ngale noveli futhi wamukelwa ngokushesha emphakathini. Yize kufana neqiniso lokuthi sinencwadi yokuthi uTolstoy akabathandi kanjani abantu uma benomkhuba wezingubo zangaphansi.
Uma ufuna ukufunda okuthile emoyeni "yebo, bonke abesilisa lapho beshesha futhi benamafutha ethule," sine-portal yezindaba ezivela empilweni kaCeblebritis. Umphefumulo waseRussia "Karenina" akavuli, ukuskena isikhathi eside bekungafanele futhi kukhulu kakhulu, ulimi lusenamafu. Ukube besingagqokwa ngenoveli, ngokwethu, akunakwenzeka ukuthi sidonse ukunakwa okunjalo kwabalandeli bangaphandle kwezincwadi zaseRussia. Futhi uma ufuna ukuxutshwa okuhle kwedrama, iziketi ezinamandla, izinkanuko eziqinile futhi ngasikhathi sinye ukwanda, kungcono ukufunda "ukuduma kwezulu" u-Emily Bronte. Kuliqiniso, ukuphela kwenhlanhla kumfundi waseRussia kuzobonakala ngamahlambalalo, kepha ngemuva kwakho konke, futhi ukuphela kwe-tolstoy akuzange kungakunaki. Khumbula uNatasha Rostov ngama-pellecoms e-punching.
Jer David Sellinger "ngaphezulu kwe-Great eRye"
Kuhle, kumnandi kakhulu ukufunda incwadi ethi Umuntu Olungile angadideka, ukuwuthola, ukuvuvukala futhi konke kubi futhi kuyinto embi. Ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi lapho zilahlekile empilweni. Kepha ngasizathu simbe, uLemontov umfana owenza njalo, ekhonjiswe ngokuqondile njenge-asshole (efunda iqhawe lesikhathi sakhe ", ungaphuthelwa isixwayiso sombhali esidlalweni esingeqile kulokhu" iqhawe "). Futhi i-sullinger ine- "Awungiqondi" futhi ngokujwayelekile ukubheka umhlaba kusuka kule asshole kusuka kumuntu omuhle. Akunandaba, awukho omunye umbono encwadini esencwadini, kanye nemibhalo yezobuciko yaleyo, okuhle, kepha ayidonseli okukhulu. Okokukhulu nokugcwalisa kudingekile ngaphezulu. Ngokuvamile, sesivele sikucebe ukuthi kungcono kuchaze into efanayo.
U-Ernest Hamiyaway "Goodbye, Izikhali!"
Okunye okusobala ngokusobala, ngaphezu kwalokho kuphela iphunga elimelana nokushaywa kuye kukhona ne-amber fume. Umqondo "empini mubi, ngalinyaza lapho" kunzima ukubiza igama lokuqala, yize livumelana nalo. Yini enye ekhona? Umfana we-White Class Class, ohluphekayo, ngoba kukhona umbuthano wabantu ababi, ngoba ekuqaleni usempini futhi kubi, bese umfazi wakhe waphuza. Futhi hhayi okwangempela kakhulu, izincwadi zichichima abagulayo besigaba esiphakathi ngabafana abamhlophe. Asinalutho olumelana nesakhiwo esinjalo, kodwa futhi, lo mbono kunzima ukuzibiza hhayi lokho okuvelele, kepha ngokunye okuhlukile kweminye imisebenzi esezingeni eliphakeme. Kodwa-ke, isiphetho sibekwe. Kepha kuhlukaniswa ngumsebenzi omuhle kokubi, futhi akukuhle kokuhle.
U-Ernest Hamingaway "Omdala Nolwandle"
Usizi olukhulu lwendoda encane, ngokuvamile, usuku olubi kakhulu, futhi alukho usizi olukhulu. Futhi hhayi ngobukhulu bomoya wesilisa, kodwa mayelana nenkani, okuthi, ngokuvamile, akuzange kuholele kunoma yini. Kuchazwa ngaphandle kwalapho. Kepha, cabanga ngathi Impepho Emibhalo, akucaci ukuthi kungani umklomelo kaNobel lapha. Yonke into efanayo futhi nolimi olufanayo (nesiNgisi ... Kunzima ukuhlala kuhlaya) wabhala uJack London. Amaphakethe.
U-Ivan Bunin "Ama-Soleys Amnyama"
Sobabili siqoqo lonke futhi mayelana nendaba ehlanganisa nayo. Ukufuduka kwaseRussia kuphuthunyiswe naye, njengokuthi nge-tuba ebhaliwe - lokhu, ekugcineni, i-bunin yethu, yokugcina (noma i-penultimate, noma ngabe ayinandaba) yencwadi yeqiniso, ephansi ye-Russian. Eminyakeni yamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye eRussia kwaqala ukugqoka nabafuduki abamhlophe kanye nokwamukela kahle zonke izakhiwo zabo nokubukwa kwabo. Awekho amagama, ababhali abaningi baseRussia kanye nezimbongi zanda ekuthukeni kwagcwalisa umgcinimafa wezincwadi zaseRussia. Lapha wena noTeffi, noTsvetaeva, noNabokov. Kepha labo ababuke kuphela esikhathini esedlule kuphela kuphela ngokulahlekelwa yi-Sense kwanoma yiziphi izingane noma noma yimuphi udaka, okuyinto, eyayikhuluma ngokwezingameli, vele baqhubeke nezikhathi zesishiyagalolunye nezeshumi ukwenza isikhwama esifanayo setiye. Ngokuvamile, ufuna izincwadi ezinhle zaseRussia ezifudukayo - Sesivele sifone okungcono ukufunda.
Gustave flaubert "Mnu. Bovari"
Kakade lapho sisho ukuthi u-Anna Karenina uyinguqulo yesiNgisi e-Madame Odokotela, kungenzeka ukuthi baqonde ukuthi siyiphatha kanjani inoveli yokumangalela yeFlaubert. Cha, ngokuvamile siphatha amaqiniso aseFrance kanye nomqondo wokwenza umfazi ube ngumlingiswa ophakathi nendawo hhayi kuphela inoveli yothando. Kepha iFlabert inenkinga efanayo noTolstoy: Akathandi abantu abaphilayo futhi akazi ukuthi angakufihla kanjani. Usizi lokuba yinhloso empilweni yokuthambekela ku-tomanticism, ukunyakaza komphefumlo wowesifazane ongenalo ithuba lokwenza imali emaphusheni akhe, kuvame ukwahlukanisa futhi kuhlale ku-samadavinovat ejwayelekile. Kuyengezela ikakhulukazi ukuthi ukusabalalisa kwalolu pholine kwakukhona ngokuphelele nempilo yowesifazane wangempela - igama kuphela elishintshiwe. Futhi iNhlangano icacile ukuthi kungani inoveli isingathwa: Hooray, Hurray, kuboniswa kahle kanjani ukuthi zonke izinkathazo ezivela ku-Bab neqiniso lokuthi zifuna okuningi! Yebo, futhi ulimi luhle, yini, okungukuthi.
UHerman Melville "Moby Dick"
Zonke izincwadi zaseMelika zavuka zivela eMobi Dick. Ikakhulu "ikhehla nolwandle." Amasu kaMelville kuleyo noveli, umlobi wayenokuthile ngaso sonke isikhathi, ebhekisa eBhayibhelini nhlobo sonke isikhathi angafunwa kukho konke okunikezwayo okwesibili futhi athole okubili ngesikhathi sokujula kombhalo okhethekile . Ukugcwala kombhali wanamuhla womfundi, kuhlala kulindele ukuziphatha okuthile, kuthathe futhi kudonsele umklomelo ohlukile wokuzwela. Noma kunjalo, inoveli ipota umlobi ophanga ngolwazi emkhakheni wesayensi yemvelo, ehlekisayo ngesikhathi lapho amaqiniso ekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye imibono yamanga. Kufundwa ukuthi uzothini, ngenxa yalokho, into ejabulisayo futhi engenalutho ngempela eliqondwa ngabantu besikhathi, kodwa ngekhulu lamashumi amabili agqoke naye kuphela ngoba ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili umhlaba wagcwala ngomqondo we-superhuman, efihliwe Kumuntu, ukuncoma amandla omoya, noma ngabe (futhi ikakhulukazi uma) kungaphezu kwemingcele yokujwayelekile kwengqondo. Kulesi sikhathi semibono, inoveli futhi yafunwa. Amandla akhe, ngiyaxolisa, akwanele.
I-Antoine de Saint-Experey "Isikhulu Esincane"
Yilowo nalowo empilweni, kwenzeka, ngifuna ukuzwela. Xhaxha ngenxa yokufa okukhanyayo kwengane, emangele ubunye ubunye obuhlotshiswe kahle noma ngisho nokufakelwa. "Isikhulu esincane" ngokuvamile "Cabanga ngeNcwadi Yezingane - ngoba yonke into ibumnandi futhi ingumfana, kepha lokhu, kunalokho, incwadi iqinile kubantu abadala abafuna ukukhuluma kancane ngengane yabo yangaphakathi. Ngisho nokuqala kwakhiwe ngokubhekisa kulokhu kwangaphakathi, hhayi nakancane ingane yangempela. Okungathi, ama-aphorisms asencwadini alungile, izinkanuko ziyiqiniso (ngoba ziyizinqe ezi-triaisms), kanye nenhliziyo okungenani uyadla. Kepha eqinisweni, yonke indaba ngabesifazane (emelelwa yi-rose) enhle, kepha osontayo ongathandeki, futhi omelwe umfana) kungenzeka ukuthi ucasuke, aphonse ngokungenakusiza, adlule amanye ama-roses. , Sula, Sula lapho, bese muhle, kepha nginesibindi sokufa - ukuze isihawu, kepha ukuthi uRosa wabona futhi wabuya nokubuyisa. Cishe kungenzeka ukuthi, gudlo, munye ku-asteroid engenalutho, kuphi kanye nezibungu, amaqabunga okudla, uthathe uhlobo oluthile? Ngakuqonda manje, yini enhle? Ku. Cabanga ngawo, uzwe, futhi ulapha okuhle esikhaleni futhi konke kuzothethelelwa, ngendlela. Insansi yokubhalwa nge-hemny.
UMiguel Cervantes "Don Quixote"
I-Spaniard yathatha, yahlala phansi yabhala i-satire efundisiwe eRoupermodic romance mayelana nama-knights. Kuhlelwe emsileni nase-mane, futhi kahle kakhulu. Uyazi ukuthi kungani sigqoka le ncwadi, njengokukhulu? Ngoba siyinganaki kahle inhloso yombhali, ngendlela, ifakwe kahle impela, futhi, njengoba kwenzeka kaningi, siyabona lokho esingathanda ukukubona. Njengasesimweni sesikhathi sethu, "Sifuna ukubona umuntu ophelelwe yithemba, ongenakuqondakala, futhi isifiso sethu sokudla imizwa nokuthandana kwezothando siphenduka sihle, yize abasekujuleni okujulile, kodwa okujulile kwendoda endala I-Knight yeqiniso, iSworting ephikisana ngeqiniso ngeqiniso kubo bonke (ikakhulukazi ngokungafani nokuhlupheka nokuphazamiseka kokuhlukahluka). Ngenkathi "idiot" yeDostoevsky imakhulu kakhulu nge-knigbide, futhi lapho abakaze baziba konke lokho akuhamba nakancane. Eh, thina.