Eminyakeni engamakhulu amahlanu edlule, lapho umuntu eqala ukubheka umhlaba ngaphandle kweYurophu, ukungalungiswa kwamakhadi kwanxephezelwa ubuhle bokwakhiwa. Imingcele ibinemibandela, kepha imidwebo emasimini mihle. Ama-mermaids antanta olwandle iPacific Ocean, amakamela adla eSiberia, naseYurophu kuboniswe yindlovukazi, enhliziyweni yayo - uBohemia, nasendaweni ethile edolweni - iMoscow. Ngakho-ke umhlaba wabheka eColumbus. 1493, u-Admiral akazange abuyele eSpain okwamanje, ngakho-ke ayikho indlela yaseNtshonalanga eya e-India ebalazweni. Kukhona i-Arabia, India, into efana neChina, i-Afrika, izintaba ze-Ural kanye ne-Kutsaya Europe. Gcina imephu ye-puff, sim ne-ham, nasemasimini - abantu abanganekwane, amakhulu eminyaka angenamkhawulo kanye nezinye izilo eziningi. Ngesizathu esithile, abafundi abanjalo. Kepha ukuqala kwekhulu le-16. UColumbus nabalandeli bakhe babuya nezinhlaka ezinemininingwane yesiqhingi sase-Espantola (Cuba) kanye nogwini olusempumalanga yeMelika (noma kunjalo, futhi amagama awazanga nalokhu). Ukwemukelwa okuthandayo kwama-cartographity antiinity - ukuveza umhlaba njengezethulo. I-Asia nguPegasus. I-China ingumsila. Istanbul - Konskaya Nostril. INyakatho India nePakistan - Uyazi ini.
Eqinisweni, amakhadi ngesimo sokuphila adonswa ngaphandle ngokungazi. Ukuphenya ngokugcwele iYurophu kungavezwa njengendlovukazi. ISpain - UCorona (amandla anamandla kakhulu we-16th - ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17, ukuze konke lokhu akukuhle, muscovy endaweni ethile emilenzeni, i-bohemia yamanje (noma inhliziyo, noma isisu, noma inhliziyo).
Inani lolwazi liyakhuphuka, i-cartography iyakhula, futhi umhlaba uthatha cishe izihloko zanamuhla. Le yi-Orbis Terrae edumile, imbulunga kaMercator, omunye wabasunguli be-catrography yanamuhla, indoda, ikakhulukazi, inikeze igama elithi "Atlas" elisho ukuthi "Iqoqo leKhadi". Ibala elimhlophe esizeni sase-Antarctica, asisekho i-Australia, kepha ogwini lolwandle lweMedithera luchazwa kakhulu. Ngendlela, abaseMedithera abaseYurophu bahlola ukuthi "bavela" futhi "babuyele ezikhathini zangaphambi kwamaphutha, amakhadi anamaphutha awela cishe ama-Millenia amabili, kusukela ngesikhathi sePtolemy.
Imephu yaseMelika uNicolaus Visser 1658. Incazelo enembile yolwandle olusempumalanga kanye ne-Spanish South America, kepha ngasizathu simbe uCalifornia uboniswa ngesimo sesiqhingi. Kwesinye isikhathi ufuna ukucabanga ngakho: futhi hhayi kungabi mnandi kakhulu ukuhlala emhlabeni ohambelana nalawa makhadi?
1651 unyaka. "Imephu entsha nenembile yomhlaba" ephindaphindwa ngokuqhamuka cishe iminyaka eyikhulu ngaphambi kwekhadi likaMercator. Phakathi kokunye, kunezinto ezine, amaplanethi ama-alchemical, izibonakaliso ze-zodiac nesandla seNkosi, esigcina uhlelo lwelanga.
Eqinisweni, wonke la makhadi amahle ayenemfundo ejwayelekile. Ukuntanta nokuhamba ngezinye izikejana, kungakanani ubukhulu obukhulu futhi kuningiliziwe. Isibonelo, kule mephu yeRussia, uMuscovy noTartaria bavele bakhombise ukuthi enyakatho yezilwandle ezimnyama nabaseSilsian - ama-tartars, ama-tatars, ama-tatars, amakamela abo. I-African eyodwa-yahlushwa, ngendlela, hhayi hhayi imigoqo yethu yase-Asia Dugorby. Lokhu kungenye yamamephu ka-Abraham Orel, omunye wabathengisi bezindawo, abahambi kanye nabathengi besikhathi sabo. Mayelana neRussia nje, wayazi okungaphezu kwalokho nge-Australia.
Uhlu oluvela kuma-atlas amadolobha omhlaba
Ama-Orcitates Orbis Terrarum Dutch Brown noHokerberg. . Umkhathizwe ulinyathelwe, enyakatho ngasizathu simbe ngaphansi - ngezansi, kepha hhayi ukwazi ukuthi idolobha alinakwenzeka. Ngaleso sikhungo - iKremlin, empumalanga yakhe - udonga lwaseChina - idolobha, elizungeze - ibhande ledolobha elimhlophe (indandatho ye-Boulevard yamanje) nenye indandatho yezindonga - ingadi yamanje. Kudida okuncane umfula, ukumvimbela i-kremlin futhi kugeleze eMoscow. Lokhu kungukuzalwa, uyi-Samonek. Umfula wawuthathwa embhodlweni ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19. Kepha kule mephu kusobala ukuthi i-Kuznetsky Bridge futhi empeleni yayiyibhuloho. Umthombo wesithombe: www.raremaps.com
