Namuhla, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene iziphakamiso ezikhungweni zezokwelapha zibonakala zihlakazekile. Futhi wonke umuntu uthembisa intsha engapheli nempilo enhle. Kepha ngenxa yokungakhethi kufanele kuthiwa ukuthi i-EccCLAP yayidala ngaso sonke isikhathi. Emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka adlule, kwanikezwa izindlela ezinjalo ezihlekisayo nezisesabekayo zanikezwa ukuphulukiswa ukuthi namuhla kuhlala nje ukubonga kakhulu ukuthi ubuntu obuseduze kakhulu obukhona.
1. I-Mercury yokwelashwa kwe-syphilis
Njengoba wazi, wonke umuntu emhlabeni, iMercury inobuthi kakhulu futhi ayikho ngaphansi kwezimo okufanele iwele emzimbeni. Namuhla, abantu bayesaba ngisho nathi kunenqwaba yezinhlanzi ngenxa yokuqukethwe kweMercury kuyo. Kodwa-ke, kwakungenjalo njalo, futhi ngaphezulu kwamakhulu eminyaka, kwakusetshenziswa i-Mercurry ukwelapha i-syphilis. Labo abakwaziyo okuthile ngalesi sifo ngeke bamangale ukuthola ukuthi abantu babehlala bezama ukumlapha nganoma yiziphi izindlela. I-Syphilis iyisifo esibi kakhulu sokuthi izitsha futhi zibulala umuntu uma elashwa.
Namuhla, kusetshenziswa i-penicillin, kepha kusukela kuma-1300s, kwakusetshenziselwa iMercury. Wahlikihla isikhumba, wanikezwa ngaphakathi noma wamukelwe ngaphakathi, futhi kwaqhubeka kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, yize iqiniso lokuthi iMercury ayizange lisize. Ukuphela kwento engaphikiswa ngokuqinisekile, iMercury yasiza ngokusobala ukubulala isiguli ngokushesha, futhi "akazange ahluleke kangako."
Le yinto efana nalesi simo, uma ukwelashwa kwekhanda kunqume ikhanda lakhe. Ekugcineni, kwafakazelwa ukuthi inhlanganisela yeMercury Chloride (Calkom) isiza ngempela ekwelapheni lesi sifo, kepha lokhu bekungaziwa kuze kube ngu-1910, futhi le mpikiswano inobuthi kunalokho.
2. Lobotomy ekwelapheni kwezifo zengqondo
Izinkinga zempilo yengqondo ziyindawo yomuthi eyaqala ukufundwa kuphela. Noma phakathi kwekhulu lama-20, abantu bavalelwe ezikhungweni ezikhethekile ukuthi "baphathe" ukuphazamiseka kwabo kwengqondo, kodwa imvamisa kwakuyindlela yokukhipha "laba" laba bantu abavela emphakathini. Eqinisweni, cishe babengakaze baphathwe, kunalokho - abaningi babehlukunyezwa ngokuhlukumezeka okufana nokwelashwa kukagesi.
Enye inketho "Ukwelashwa" kokuphazamiseka kwezimo zempilo yengqondo enkulu kwakunguLobotomy. Lokhu kusebenza sekudume e-United States ngo-1936, kwathi ngo-1949, ngo-1949, kufika ku-5000 ukusebenza phezu kweziguli ezineminyaka emine eneminyaka emine ezazineminyaka emine. Inqubo ifaka ukuvalwa kwensimbi ende yensimbi kuphenya ngamehlo ngaphansi kwe-anesthesia yendawo ukusika ama-lobes angaphambili wobuchopho kwabanye. Kepha ukusebenza kwabangela ushintsho lobuntu futhi lwangenza "imifino ebukhoma" kuyo.
Yize lo mkhuba wawudumile, ngawo-1970 wabekwa phansi ukugxekwa ngokweqile futhi wavinjelwa kakhulu. Kepha le ndlela enesihluku iholele ekulimaleni kobuchopho okungaphenduki kumashumi ezinkulungwane zeziguli ezingalashwa nezinye, izindlela ezingapheli.
3. I-Arsenic ukunciphisa isisindo
I-Arsenic namuhla abantu abaningi bahlotshaniswa nobuthi begundane, futhi namhlanje kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi kunesikhathi lapho abantu bedla khona njengamaphilisi okunciphisa isisindo.
Emuva ngawo-1800s, abantu e-Austria baqala ukwengeza i-arsenic kwikhofi njengendlela yokulahlekelwa isisindo. Okokuqala, inani elincane lama-arsenic lafakwa enkomishini yekofi lasekuseni, bese kancane kancane landisa umthamo amasonto ambalwa kuze kube yilapho uhudo. Ngemuva kwalokho, umthamo wancishiswa kancane kancane.
Kuyiqiniso, abantu bebezokwehla, kepha nabo bangibulala. Ukukhwabanisa kuye kwasakazekela ngesimo samathebulethi emhlabeni jikelele ngawo-1920s, kodwa mhlawumbe kungenzeka ukuthi wabulala iningi labo bonke abantu emhlabeni (kusuka "kwezindlela zokwelapha"). Akukhona kuphela ukuthi amaseli ama-Arsenic kuphela afe, futhi andisa ubungozi bomdlavuza, ngisho nemithamo emincane.
4. Ukudla Kwengozi Ekugcineni
Kunokudla okuningi okuhlekisayo nokuyimfihlo, okubandakanya ukudla kusuka kumakhukhi, iklabishi, njll. Emuva ngo-1976, uDkt Robert Lynn wayethengisa lokho abize "ithuba lokugcina", kugcizelela ukuthi ukuphela kwendlela yokuhlala mncane futhi ngasikhathi sinye. Umqondo ubungukuthi bekungadingekile ukudla noma yini, kepha kuphela ukusebenzisa i- "Magic Tonic" ngu-linna ngegama elithi "Prolinn".
Inkinga ngokudla kwalokhu bekungadingi izivivinyo, futhi kwakungekho amakhalori angaphansi kwama-400 engxenyeni ye- "prolinna", encane kakhulu kunoma yimuphi umuntu omdala. "UProlinn" wawuhlanganisa kakhulu i-collagen, ebingaphezu kwezinselo nezikhumba zezilwane ezithola amaphuzu ekuhlatshweni. Lesi siphuzo "sokudla" ezivela ezinhlelweni zezilwane saholela ekufeni kwabantu abangaba ngu-30.
5. I-SoLivers for Weight Loss
Namuhla, indlela enyanyekayo yokunciphisa isisindo iyathandwa, lapho kunganconywa khona ukuthi akunconywanga ukuze kuguqulwe kabusha, - ukufaka isibungu seribhoni. Yize umqondo ojwayelekile uphakamisa ukuthi lo ngumqondo omubi, abantu bayenza okufanayo nezikhathi ze-Victoria. Umqondo ulula: udinga ukugwinya iqanda eliqukethe iqanda lesibungu seribhoni, nangemva kweqanda bese kudla isibungu ngokuphelele, kuzodla ukudla umuntu awasebenzisayo. Ngemuva kwalokho, ungadla, konke okuzofunwa, futhi kungalungiswa, ngoba isibungu sizothi "sidle" wonke amakhalori.
Iqiniso alikho uthingo, ngoba amaSolites angadala izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo. Namuhla, isibungu singase sibe lula ukususa, kepha ngekhulu le-XIX kangangokuba azange akwenzele lokhu: Amasilinda amakhulu wensimbi agwinywe (futhi ayevame ukungafanga isibungu kuphela, kodwa futhi nesiguli) kanjalo.
6. I-LSD yokwelashwa kotshwala
Utshwala bungenye yezifo ezimbi kakhulu, ezithinta izigidi zansuku zonke zabantu, ngakho-ke akumangazi ukuthi abantu baphendukela ezindleleni ezingekho emthethweni zokwelashwa. Kubantu abaningi abangafuni, noma abakwazi ukuya ezintweni zokwelashwa, kukhona ... LSD. Emuva ngawo-1960s, kwenziwa izifundo ukuthola ukuthi lesi sidakamizwa singavimba yini isifiso sotshwala. Noma kunjalo, imiphumela yayikhubazekile, futhi kuze kube muva nje ayinakwa. Kepha ngo-2012, abacwaningi babuyela kwimininingwane eqoqwe futhi baqala ukutadisha ithonya lezidakamizwa ze-hallucinogenic ekwelapheni utshwala.
Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi lisebenza ngamaphesenti angama-59 ababambiqhaza, ngakho-ke, i-LSD ayikwazi ukuba yindlela enhle yokwelashwa. Ingozi yokwelashwa ne-LSD ihlotshaniswa nomphumela ohlangothini olungaba khona we-Psychedelic, iningi labantu lazi: "Uhambo olubi". Ukusetshenziswa okungelona ukwelashwa kwama-LSD nezinye izidakamizwa ezifana naye kungaholela ezinkingeni zabantu abagula ngengqondo nezinye izinkinga ezibalulekile zempilo.
7. I-Ugwayi Smoke Enema nezinye izisu ezixakile
Ekhulwini le-XVIII, kwaba nokwenza umkhuba ... ukushaya intuthu ku-rectum womuntu ngesimo sikagwayi enema. Lo mkhuba wathuthukiswa ngesisekelo senqubo yezokwelapha eyamukelwa ngokuvamile esetshenziswe ngasekupheleni kwawo-1700s. Ukusetshenziswa okuyinhloko kwe-Fobacco Enema kwakubuye kubhekwe ngabantu baminza. Kukholakala ukuthi intuthu izovusa uhlelo lokuphefumula komuntu ukuze aphinde athole futhi, kanye nentuthu okuthiwa "isize ekuzweni komuntu."
Ukushaywa kwentuthu kwakungeyona ukuphela kokungcola okuyinqaba abantu abakusebenzise ngaleso sikhathi. Ngaphezu kokubhema kogwayi, abantu babevame ukusebenzisa izinkolelo zekhofi, kanye nesisu samafutha sokwelapha ukuqunjelwa. Ama-enemas ayingozi kakhulu abantu abazama ukuwenza ku-alcohol enemas. Zibulale, ngoba utshwala butholwa ngokuqondile egazini futhi alihlungwa yisibindi.
8. Ukuhlobisa igazi
Igazi kungenye yaleyo mikhuba ebikaze isikhathi eside kangaka, okumangazayo ukuthi abantu basinda njengombono. Manje sekuyaziwa ukuthi lokhu kuyinto embi kakhulu engenziwa nesiguli, ukunciphisa izingcezu zegazi. Kodwa-ke, kwakuyinto "odokotela" emakhulwini eminyaka, bakwenza iziguli zabo. Lo mkhuba wawususelwa ekuqinisekisweni ukuthi igazi lingaba "alimele" futhi lidinga ukususwa emzimbeni ukuze limvumele ukuba alaphe. Lokhu kungahle kubonakale kumnandi kumuntu wekhulu le-XXI, kepha lo mkhuba wawusetshenziselwa cishe iminyaka engama-2000.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ukugcwala kwegazi kungasiza kwezinye izimo. Ukube bekusetshenziselwa ukwelapha umfutho wegazi ophakeme, khona-ke ukwehla kwengxenye yegazi kungasiza izimpawu zomfutho wegazi ophakeme. Cishe noma elinye icala, kwaba buthaka kuphela futhi kungenzeka kwabulawa isiguli ngokusebenzisa izifo (kufanelekile ukungakukhohlwa lokho kwakungekho ama-antibiotic).
9. Isiraphu nge-heroin kusuka ekukhweneni
Uma sekuyisikhathi lapho noma ngubani angaya ekhemisi eliseduzane futhi athenge isiraphu yokukhwehlela nge-heroin. Yize kulezi zinsuku sekudlule isikhathi eside, zibonisa ngokuphelele ukuthi izinqubo zezokwelapha ezihlukile kumakhulu emihlangano e-XX nasekuqaleni kwe-XX ziyehluka kusuka kwesimanje. Inkampani yaseJalimane yezemithi iBayer yaphatha ukukhwehlela futhi ibanda ezinganeni ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1890 ngomuthi ohlanganisa i-aspirin ne-heroin.
Lo mkhuba uthathe kuze kube ngu-1912, lapho iminyaka kungazange kuguqulwe ukuthi iziguli "ziqongelela ukubekezelelana" ku-heroin, okuholele ekuqaleni kwenani lezidakamizwa. Kubukeka sengathi umuthi kufanele ususwe ekuthengisweni, kodwa waqhubeka nokuthengiswa kuze kube ngu-1924 kwiresiphi. Ngokufanayo, i-cocaine yasetshenziswa njenge-anesthetic, futhi ibinezithako ze-coca-cola isikhashana ngekhulu le-XIX.
10. I-Radi kusuka ku- "isiyonke"
Lapho uMaria Curie nomyeni wakhe uPierre bathola i-radium, kwaba ngomunye wokutholwa okukhulu kakhulu ngekhulu le-XIX. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi uMarie wabulawa yi-asplastic anemia, ethuthukiswe ngenxa yokuthi wahlola le nto nsuku zonke, kodwa kudala ngaphambi kokuba i-radium yakhe yokufa yaqala ukubhekwa njengento izinkampani eziningi ezifakwe kuyo yonke imikhiqizo yazo. Okuxakile ngokwanele, kukholakala ukuthi i-radium yayinezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zezempilo.
Ngaphambi kokuthi imiphumela yemisebe kumaseli womuntu ibiqondakaliwe ngokuphelele, inkampani yengeze i-radium ku-amazinyo, ushokoledi, amanzi ... nakuwo yonke into ilandelana. Lokhu kwaqhubeka ngawo-1930s. URadii waqala ukufaka izibani zamathoyizi namalambu ebusuku ngenxa yokuthi kukhanya ebumnyameni, ezimotweni, ekuvuthweni kwama-radiator kanye nama-supps. Kwakusetshenziselwa futhi ukwelapha ukungabi namandla (yize ukwelashwa okunjalo kwandisa inkinga). Ngokuvamile, le nto evuthayo ye-radio yahlala iyingxenye yempilo yansuku zonke iminyaka eminingi futhi ikuvinjelwe kuphela ngawo-1960s.