Namuhla, iHollywood yindawo egugile ngamahlazo kanye nezobubi. Kepha amashumi eminyaka eminingi edlule konke kwakufana. Kwesinye isikhathi kubukeka sengathi kusukela ekuqaleni, kukhanye futhi ubukhazikhazi bekuyingqimba elincanyana elingaphezulu, elilandelwa ulwandle lokungcola. Eqinisweni, kungaba yingxenye yeqiniso lokuthi kunabantu abenele eHollywood, ngoba uthanda ukufunda ngamahlaya lukhulu kakhulu.
1. Ukubulawa okungatholakali
Ama-Studios wefilimu awazange athande amahlazo ngokubamba iqhaza kwezinkanyezi zawo. Eqinisweni, baqasha abantu abasebenza ngomsebenzi wakhe ukuvimbela ukuvela kwezindaba ezingcolile ezinjalo emaphephandabeni. Omunye walaba ochwepheshe kwakungu-Eddie Mannelee. Ngokuyisisekelo, "wawamboza" izinkanyezi ekuvezeni izinduna zazo ezidakiwe noma ukukhulelwa kwangaphandle, kodwa ngo-1937, kungenzeka ukuthi ama-Manniches asiza inkanyezi enkulu kunazo zonke eHollywood ukugwema umthwalo wemfanelo wokubulala.Ngaleso sikhathi, uWallace Biri wayengumlingisi okhokhelwa kakhulu eMetro-Goldwyn-Mayer. Wathola udumo ngenxa yamafilimu anjalo njenge "ndlu enkulu", "I-Billy Kid" kanye "nemfihlo eyisithupha", futhi wathola ne-Oscar ngeqhaza "kwiChampion". Ngo-December 20, 1937, umlingisi angashaya umuntu aze afe (lokhu kungamahlaya ukuphakamisa u-Healy, uMdali "wezinto ezintathu"). Ngokusobala, amadoda amabili axabana, wabe esekhuphuka eduze kweklabhu yasebusuku "Trocadero". Inkinga ukuthi kanye nama-biys ayengumkhiqizi / gangster pasquale di chick & umuntu wesithathu ongaziwa. UZiqu-zintathu washaya kangangokuba washona ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Vele, wonke lawo wonke amahemuhemu kanye nezinganekwane zeHollywood.
Akekho owasola i-BIRI. Kodwa-ke, umlingisi lapho ephuthuma washiya lo muzi, ngoba kuthiwa wathunyelwa izinyanga ezi-4 "ohambweni lwebhizinisi" eYurophu ekugcizeleleni umkhiqizi we-MGM uLuis B. Mayer, owahlela isembozo ukuvikela inkanyezi yakhe.
2. Ukudla okufayo
Ukuvela kweHollywood Stars bekulokhu kubaluleke kakhulu, futhi ama-studio aqhubeka kakhulu kangangokuba abalingisi babo babukeke. Isibonelo esidumile kunazo zonke i-Judy Garland, eyayisemusha, yayihleli ekudleni okuvela kusobho, ikhofi kanye nogwayi abavunyelwe yi-MGM. Ngasikhathi sinye, umlingisi futhi uhlala ebhakwe ama-amphetamines ukuze ijabule futhi inamandla. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1940s, uMgm wasayina inkontileka neTenor Mario Lanz, futhi wasuswa ochungechungeni lwemiculo ephumelelayo eyaletha izigidi zenzuzo.
Noma kunjalo, uLanza wayethanda ukudla nokuphuza, okwaholela ezinkingeni ngesisindo kulo lonke umsebenzi wakhe waseHollywood. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi nje kokubanda ngakunye, uLanz wahlala ekudleni okuqinile ukuze "afike evamile". Lokhu kwaholela ezinkingeni zezempilo eziningi, ezenza umculi akhansele amakhonsathi ambalwa. Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1950s, uLanz wathuthela eRoma eyodlala ngamafilimu amaningana futhi enze ngamakhonsathi kulo lonke elaseYurophu.
Njengasesikhathini esedlule, waya emtholampilo, kangangokuba wanconywa ngokudla. Lapho umculi waphathwa ngaphansi kokwelashwa kokuhlola, lapho adonswa khona ngama-sadatives aqinile futhi asuthisa umzimba ngendlela eqinile. Ekugcineni, umzimba kaLanz waqala ukwenqaba. Washona ngokuhlaselwa yinhliziyo ngokuzumayo ngo-1959, ngemuva kwalokho lapho kwakunamahemuhemu angenakuzenzi abulala ama-mafia ngokwenqaba ukubamba iqhaza ekhonsathini ayixhasa.
3. Ukulahleka kokumsulwa
Ngo-1935 - 1938, ama-cashiers amakhulu kunawo wonke eHollywood aqoqe ithempeli laseShirley. Lapho eneminyaka eyisithupha kuphela ubudala, le ntombazane yathola umklomelo we-Oscar ohlonishwayo ekuphakanyisweni kwe- "Academy Youth Award" ngeqhaza "emehlweni acwebezelayo." Ngeshwa, sonke le nkathi sasivezwa amantombazane anemizamo eminingi yodlame lwezocansi. Njengamanje, wonke umuntu uvele waziwa ngokuhlaselwa kwabadlali abancane eHollywood. Futhi ithempeli laseShirley labhala obala ngalo ku-autobiography yakhe ka-1988 "Star-Baby", ngaphandle kokwesaba ukubiza amagama.Kuyo yonke le minyaka, wasola abadlali nabaphathi abahlukahlukene (ngokwesibonelo, amahlaya kaGeorge Jesel kanye nomkhiqizi kaDavid Salznik) eqinisweni lokuthi azange bamncenge. Mhlawumbe okubi kakhulu kubo bonke kwakungumkhiqizi womculo we-Arthur Frid, odume ngomsebenzi wakhe okhalweni, njengeMelika eParis futhi "ecula ngaphansi kwemvula." Bahlangane lapho ithempeli lisuka kwi-Fox yekhulu lama-20 liye ku-MGM. Le ntombazane yangena kwiKhabhinethi Frieda, eyayisho ukuthi izoba yinkanyezi yakhe entsha, inamabhulukwe ayo futhi yaqala ukum-11 umlingisi weminyaka eyi-11. Eshaqekile ivusiwe yaqala ukuhleka, futhi yathukuthela kakhulu ngomkhiqizi ukuthi ayibeka ehhovisi lakhe.
4. Izingadi Allah
Lapho abadlali befuna ukugxilisa izifungo zabo zobuhlalu, kwakukhona izindawo eziningi eHollywood lapho benganelisa izifiso zabo. Kodwa-ke, bambalwa kubo abangaqhathaniswa nezingadi zikaAllah. Ekuqaleni, kwakungukuhle kwe-hayvenurst masion ku-Sunset Boulevard. Ngemuva kwalokho umnikazi we-mansion uWilliam hay wamthengisa umlingisi waseRussia u-Alla Nazimova. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uNazimova washada, waqala abesifazane abaningi abangabanzi.
Indlu yakhe entsha, yaqamba kabusha i- "Allah Gardens," yaziwa njengenye yezindawo ezimbalwa eHollywood, lapho abaseLesbian kanye nabesifazane be-bisexual babengavulela ubulili babo. Ngo-1926, umlingisi wakha amanye ama-villas angama-25 eduze kwendlu yakhe futhi waqala ukuzisebenzisa njengehhotela elibizayo. Usuvele udume ngamaqembu abo amangalisayo, "izingadi zikaAllah" zaba yindawo lapho zonke izinkanyezi zeHollywood zingangena khona ekulimaleni kwazo ngobumfihlo, kude nomphakathi kanye nezintatheli. UMarlene Diethrich, uHumphrey Bogart, i-Errol Flynn, i-Orson Wells, uLaurence Olivier, uJohn Barrore, uGreta Garbo, abanye abaningi babehlala njalo "izingadi". Umshicileli uBernie Woods utshele le ndaba yomholi weBig Band Tommey Dorsey, ohlangana ngandlela thile nozakwabo uJase Kaisser ehhotela. Ukukhombisa ukuthi uthandwa kakhulu, uSorsesy wadonsa abesifazane ababili abanqunu egumbini lakhe lokulala, kuma-pubrirs awo ayeyizinto ezibonakalayo ezakhe zokuqala "t" no "d"
5. Uhlu Olumnyama lwe- "Hed Heddy"
EHollywood bekukhona abantu abaningi abanethonya, kodwa igama elilodwa lakhunjulwa isikhathi eside - uHedda hopper. Ngemuva kokungabi nomlingisi we-career, ikhanda laqala ukuhola ikholomu inhlebo yezwe ngo-1938. Washeshe wazuza impumelelo futhi, ekuphakameni kokuthandwa kwawo ngawo-1940s, umlando wokuziphilisa kaChadda wafunda abantu abayizigidi ezingama-35. IHopper yayingenamahloni nakancane ekunisweni kodaka lwalokhu futhi nokwakhe bazibiza ngokuthi yi- "World PotScool".Ngaphezu kwakho konke, isiphequluli sancoma ithuba lakhe lokubhubhisa umsebenzi womuntu noma umshado ngakho konke okunikezwayo okuningana. Isikhimo somkhiqizi uLuis B. Mayer wambiza ngokuthi "Hell Headda." Izinhloso zakhe azithandayo kwakungamaKhomanisi kanye nezitabane. Ukuba ngomunye wabasunguli be- "Alliance of Cinema ngokulondolozwa kwezinhloso zaseMelika", uHedda Hopper wayengomunye we- "Grey Cardinals" ngemuva kwalapho abantu abasolwa "baqhutshwa ngozwela kwamaKhomanisi aqhutshwa khona ukuphuma emsebenzini. Omunye wabantu abaphethwe nguHeddy kwakunguDalton Trambo - umlobi wesikrini owayehlushwe ngo-1960.
UCharlie Chaplin kwikholamu yezwe waphinde wathukwa njalo, ngoba iHipperper ibizwa ukuthi umlingisi aziphathe kabi impilo. Indlela esheshayo futhi elula yokufinyelela ku "Uhlu Olumnyama" lukaHedda ukuthi kwakudingeka ukumdumisa ama-ravar ama-Rarval luell noma ukubambisana naye. Lokhu kwenzeka ku-Ungrid Bergman, owaqamba amanga ngo-hopper wakhe wokukhulelwa, wabe esesho ama-parons.
6. Umlando uFrancis Farmer
Ukugula kwengqondo kuyinkinga odokotela abakwazi okuncane kakhulu namuhla. Futhi ngawo-1940s, izinkanyezi zikaHollywood, ezaziqashelwe kwenye into efanayo, kwakungu "Okuphakelayo" kwangempela kwamathebhu. Enye yezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu ngumlimi weFrancis. Ekuqaleni wakwenza esiteji, naseHollywood, umlimi waphikiswa ngo-1936. Sekuyishumi, unjiniyela wayo wefilimu wawuphumelele impela, nokho, ngawo-1940, abezindaba baqala ukubhala okuningi ngokuziphatha okunganele komlingisi, hhayi ngomsebenzi wakhe.
Umlimi wagwetshwa ukuboshwa kwezinyanga eziyisithupha ngoJanuwari 1943. Lokhu kwenzeke ngemuva kokuhlasela enkantolo (icala lalibhekwa njengesimo sakhe sokushayela) ngamaphoyisa amabili futhi laphonsa iMahluleli. Ukusuka ejele, umlimi wahunyushelwa kwi-sanatorium, lapho kwatholakala khona nge-paranoid schizophrenia. Ngemuva kokuhlala okuningi ezibhedlela ze-Psychiatric, umlingisi ngasekupheleni kwawo-1970 washona, ukhohliwe cishe wonke umuntu. Kubukeka sengathi ukuphela kwendaba, kepha ngo-1978, uWilliam Arnold washicilela indaba yempilo kaFrancis Farmer obizwa ngokuthi yi-Actress yesikhathi esizayo enza lobotomy.
Ngenxa yalokho, le ncwadi yahlungwa ifilimu ephumelelayo ebizwa ngokuthi "uFrancis". Okujabulisayo, u-Arnold wavuma ukuthi udaba lwakhe ngoLobotomy lwaluqanjiwe.
7. Ukufa Lupe
Amahemuhemu kwesinye isikhathi anomhlabathi wangempela. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi esimweni seHollywood, noma ngabe amahemuhemu awo okumangalisa kakhulu. Kwenzeka nge-lules loupe. Umlingisi, owaziwa ngolaka lwakhe lokuphila nomlingiswa onsundu, waze wanikeza isidlaliso "Mexico Spitfire". Ngemuva komshado osheshayo nomlingisi, indima edumile yeTarzan, Johnny Walismüller, uLoupe wakhulelwa umlingisi Harald Maresha. Kungekudala ngemuva nje kwalokho, umlingisi washona ngokushesha eneminyaka engama-36 ngo-1944. Esititweni sokufa, ukuzibulala kwaqoshwa njengesizathu. Kusolwa ukuthi amaphoyisa athole inothi lokuzibulala eline-loupe lapho eveza khona ukuthi akafuni ihlazo ngenxa yengane engekho emthethweni.Konke kwakubonakala kusobala, kepha inhlebo isavela. Kunye amahlebezi athi ingane ingeyakaGary Kuperu, yamenqaba, ngoba wayeshade. Omunye wafuna ukuthi ama-veles aze azibulale ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kwe-bipolar. Futhi ukuzwa okungazelelwe kubonakale kubonga kennet engere, umbhali wencwadi edumile "Hollywood Babylon" ngo-1959.
Yatshelwa ngesethi yamahlazo kuyo yonke imininingwane yabo engcolile. Kusolwa ukuthi, uhlelo lwe- "Mexico Spitfyra" lifa ngenxa ye-overdose embhedeni wakhe laliginqika lapho i-loupe imbi. Wagijimela ethoyilethi, wehlela tile wawa ekhanda lakhe endlini yangasese, lapho aminza khona.
8. Strawberry ebusheni
UJoan Crowford angaba nomsebenzi ophumelelayo eHollywood, kodwa impilo yakhe "ngaphandle kwesikrini" waheha ukunakwa okuningi kuye. Wayenesiphithiphithi esinolaka nenye inkanyezi kaBett Davis. Wayengusihlalo weBhodi likaPepsi-Cola ngaphambi kokuba athathe umhlalaphansi. Indodakazi kaJoan, uKristina wasola umama wakhe ukuthi wayevame ukuthuka. Futhi, ngamahemuhemu, uJoan Crawford ubeke inkanyezi e-porn ngaphambi kokuba adume.
Abanye abantu bathi le nsaziso yokuqala "ama-sitrobheli" yabizwa ngokuthi umbhede wokuphonsa. Masinyane kufanelekile ukuthi awekho amakhophi owaziwayo noma amadokhumenti asemthethweni aqinisekisa ubukhona bayo. Kukhona kuphela izithombe ezimbalwa ezibekwe kwi-Intanethi, ngokuthiwa ozimele kwifilimu. Kunoma ikuphi, umbhede wokuphonsa, kungenzeka, uzohlala eyimfihlakalo emlandweni waseHollywood. Uma ukholwa ngenganekwane, khona-ke le filimu ayitholakali kuphela, kepha futhi ilisebenzisile ngokufaka i-crawford.
Umlingisi ucele ukuthi "athole" mgm, futhi i-studio yathumela "abahlanzayo" ukuze bachithe wonke amakhophi akhona wefilimu yama-amateur. Enye inguqulo ithi i-MGM isindise ikhophi elilodwa ukugcina ama-Crawford "ku-leash emfushane." Ubufakazi obukholwayo obukhulu bokuba khona kwefilimu yindaba yomyeni wokuqala we-Actress Fairbenx jr .. Utshele uCharlotte Chandler, owabhala i-biography kaCrawford ukuthi uJona wamtshela ngefilimu ngaphambi kokuba bashade. Noma kunjalo, ama-Fairbanks awakaze abone ifilimu, futhi uJoan wayehlala ehlanganyela ngokuningiliziwe ngokuningiliziwe.
9.
Abalandeli beMad - Enye inkinga okufanele ubhekane naso osaziwayo. UJohn Lennon, uSelena noDiimebug Darrell - nje abaculi abambalwa ababulawa ngabantu abaxakile nabo. Abanye abaningi banobungozi obungokomzimba. Kuvela ukuthi lokhu kwenzeke eminyakeni yegolide eHollywood. Futhi emuva eShirley Temple, eyayineminyaka eyishumi kuphela ubudala. Icala lelo lenzekile ngo-1939, futhi uShirley wenza "ubusuku obuthule" eRadoshe, lapho abanye bezama ukumbulala. Ngenhlanhla, umuntu owayengumbulali wayekwazi ukuma ngesikhathi. Ngeshwa, indodakazi yalona wesifazane yafa ngalo lolo suku (mhlawumbe i-Shirley Temple izalwe.Kusukela lapho, usephenduke umbono walo mbono wokuthi umphefumulo wendodakazi yakhe uboshelwe ngumzimba wenkanyezi yengane, nokuthi uzomkhulula ngokubulala umlingisi. Ngokuqondene nethempeli, wazwelana nombulali wakhe ongaba khona.
10. Imfihlo kamama
Izingane ezizelwe emshadweni "zachazwa" eHollywood, ngakho-ke, phakathi kweziteshi zefilimu, umkhuba 'wezinkolelo' zezinkanyezi zabo kwakujwayelekile ukwenza izisu. Omunye wabalingisi, ukhulelwe emshadweni, kwakunguLoretta omncane. Wazala uJudy Lewis ngo-1935, ezokuvakasha "eNgilandi ukuze abelethe lapho. Ngemuva kokubeletha, wanika uJudy endaweni yokukhosela, wabe esefika "indodakazi yakhe. Ubaba kaJudy kwakunguClark GAble, yize le ntombazane bengazi ngayo ngenkathi esaphila. Kuphela lapho uJudiya esuka eshumini lesine, ekugcineni umama wamvusela kuyo yonke into. Isici esishaqisayo kakhulu sale ndaba savela empeleni kumakhasi e-Press ngonyaka ka-2015. ULinda Lyuis, uLauretta Omncane, wathi ngonyaka we-1998, omncane wamtshela ukuthi ukhulelwa kusuka eGable ngenxa yokudlwengulwa ngenxa yokudlwengulwa.