Uthando lungaba ngolunye lwezinto ezihehayo, eziqinile futhi eziguqukayo zokuhlangenwe nakho kokuhlangenwe nakho umuntu angakuthola. Lo muzwa ushintsha noma ngubani njengangaphakathi nangaphandle, ezingeni ngalinye. Lapho othile ethandana, indlela aziphatha ngayo iyashintsha.
Kodwa-ke, lo muzwa uvame ukudlula, futhi ngemuva kwalokho ushiya umuntu "onobuhlakani futhi omubi kakhulu" lapho ukugeleza kwemizwa kuncipha. Ngamafuphi, umuntu ubuyela kuleso sikhathi empilweni yakhe, abekade ethanda ngayo.Ngakho-ke, yeka ukuthi isayensi yanamuhla ithi ngothando.
1 Uthando
Konke kuqala ngenhlansi yasekuqaleni ephenduka ilangabi eliphelele - futhi lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi uthando. Eqinisweni, kungukugeleza kwama-neurotransmitters, okusobala ukuthi, "okuhlale," okuhlale "ubuchopho futhi aphoqe abantu ukuba balale kuze kube sebusuku, bezokhuluma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, becabanga ngomunye amahora angama-24 ngosuku njalonjalo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, njengoba kubhekwa, abanye abantu kuphela abangadala okufanayo komunye umuntu, ngenxa yokuthi "kunokuthile okungajwayelekile futhi okulungele bona." UJohn Gottman umcwaningi emsebenzini wakhe "izimiso zothando" ezishiwo abantu kumele bazizwe benephunga elithile futhi bazizwe "belungile" (futhi ikakhulukazi balungile) ukwenza kusebenze ukugeleza kwe-neurotransmitters ebuchosheni babo. Ngamanye amagama, akuyena wonke umuntu ongadala lo muzwa, futhi lokhu kudinga izici ezithile kumuntu. Eqinisweni, ososayensi manje abazi ukuthi kuyini, kodwa kwaziwa ukuthi kunezimbangela zothando.
2 Phenethylamine
UFenethylamine, owaziwa nangokuthi ipea, iyingxenye yamakhemikhali etholakala emvelweni futhi ikhiqizwa ebuchosheni bomuntu. UFenethyyamine Hydroclorloride, noma i-Phenethilamin HCL, ithengiswa obala emazweni amaningi. Okujabulisayo, empeleni i-feethomin empeleni iyisivuseleli sohlelo lwezinzwa, ngakho-ke uma umuntu eke wacabanga, lapho amandla athathwa khona ngesikhathi sothando - Impendulo ilula ... empeleni iphansi "emzimbeni we-AIDS". Ama-pheromones angamakhemikhali anikezwe izidalwa ukuze avuse ukusabela kwezinye izinto. Kungenxa yosizo lwabo lokuthi izintuthwane zixhumana, futhi abantu baxhumana bodwa ezingeni locansi, hhayi ngisho nokukhuluma izwi. Inhlanganisela yalawa makhemikhali i-cocktail enamandla ebhekele ukubukeka konke ukugeleza kwemizwa enomuzwa wokuthi abantu banomuzwa lapho iqala ukuthandana nomuntu.3 dehydroepyondrosterone
I-DeHydroepianDrosterone yaziwa nangokuthi i-DHEA futhi kungenye i-hormone enamandla, ehilelekile ebuchosheni, lapho umuntu eqala ukuthanda umuntu. Kungumsunguli we-steroid, kanye ne-hormone, okuthi ngokwawo akwenza okuncane, kepha angaguqulwa abe ngamanye ama-hormone anomthelela onamandla kakhulu emzimbeni. I-DHEA iyi-aphrodisiac yemvelo ekhulisa isifiso sobulili. Ithengiswa ezindaweni eziningi njengesengezo sokungenzi esinikezwayo ngalesi sizathu. I-DehydroepianDrosterone "isheshisa" umuntu kuwo wonke amazinga, kufaka phakathi amasosha omzimba wakhe, adlala indima ethokozisayo othandweni, kanye nememori kanye nekhono lokuqonda.
4 oxytocin
I-Oxetocin, elinye lama-hormone adumile abandakanyeka kuyo yonke inqubo yemizwa emnene, njengamanje ifundwa ngomthelela wayo ebuchosheni bomuntu (ukuxhumana kwe-hormone nokuzethemba phakathi kwabantu). I-Oxetocin ayithathi nje ukuthambisa isithombe sokucabanga, iguqula umuntu okuhle kakhulu ekukhanyeni kwendalo. Kukhiqizwa futhi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa futhi kuthambisa isikhumba. I-Oxetocin empeleni iguqula umbono wabanye abantu, obangela ukucabanga ngabanye kangcono, futhi nayo idlala indima ekwahlukaniswe ngayo labo abathandayo, kulabo abangakuthandi. I-Oxetocin iqala ukugeleza ebuchosheni ikakhulukazi ngobuningi ngesikhathi sezocansi, esiza ukusungula ubudlelwano bokuthembana nomlingani. Lo mphumela uthatha amasonto ambalwa ngemuva kothando ngalunye luqinile futhi luqine kakhulu ebudlelwaneni obusha, obusakhula.5 estrogen
I-Estrogen imvamisa ayiyona i-hormone ekhunjulwa maqondana nocansi nezinsuku, kepha idlala indima enkulu impela endabeni ethi "i-cocktail" ye-organic arganic compleves egcwalisa ubuchopho ngemuva kokuqala kobudlelwano obusha. I-Estrogen empeleni isiza ukuthola isimo esifunekayo futhi yasebenza ngamanani aphawuleka kakhulu lapho umuntu ethola umuntu ekhangayo. I-Estrogen ikhiqizwa yibo bobabili abesilisa nabesifazane ngamanani ahlukene (abesifazane banezinga elingenhla), balungisa isimo sabo, esigcizelela iqhaza elibalulekile laleli hormone othandweni nasekubongweni kothile.
6 Vasopressin
I-Vasopressin i-hormone ethokozisayo kakhulu, edlala indima ku-monogamy ye-pair-tie, ilethe eduze kwabathandi futhi idale ukuxhumana okusondele phakathi kwawo. Le Hormone isebenza kakhulu emadodeni. I-Vasopressin, ngokuhlanganiswa ne-oxytocin, iqala amasiginali ebuchosheni, ekhuluma ukuthi udinga "ukuzola phansi" kanye nomlingani oyedwa kuphela, okuyinto yothando. Ucwaningo oluhehayo olwenziwe eSweden lubonise ukuthi i-Rs3 334 gene yofuzo, ngandlela thile iguqula ama-vazopressin receptors, anganquma izinga lokunamathiselwa ekuthandeni kwakhe kubantu abanengxenye enkulu. Le ndoda ingaba ne-genees eyodwa noma ezimbili zohlobo lwe-RS3 334 (noma ukungabi nakho nhlobo). Ucwaningo luveze ukuthi labo abanamakhophi amabili ohlobo lwezofuzo bahlolwe ngokunyathelisa okukhulu kakhulu kwe-monogamy futhi "baxazulule." Kungenzeka bangashada, futhi babe nezinga elincane kakhulu lokuthembeka nothando lwabalingani babo. Amadoda angenakho ikhophi elilodwa lofuzo lwe-Rs3 334, kunalokho, anikeze umshado, izibopho nasekuxazululeni. Amadoda ayenekhophi elilodwa lofuzo, endaweni ethile phakathi kwalawa maqembu ahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kofuzo kanye nezinga lama-hormone angathinta kakhulu inqubo yothando.7 inkanuko
Amakhemikhali ebuchosheni anobunye, abumba iqiniso lokuthi uDkt Helen Fisher, udokotela one-anthropologist wase-University of Rutger, ubiza izigaba ezintathu zothando: ukuheha, ukuheha, ukuheha nokuthanda. Inqubo iqala ngenkanuko, ebonakala ikakhulukazi ngezinga eliphakeme le-testosterone kanye ne-estrogen emzimbeni. Le ngxenye yenzeka ngaphandle kwesidingo somlingani othile, futhi cishe noma yimuphi umlingani. Amakhemikhali agcwele ubuchopho futhi afune indoda yabalingani, abashade nabo futhi bande, futhi nokubheka umuntu ongaya esinyathelweni esilandelayo kwinqubo yokubhangqa. Umqondo wokuthola umlingani uhlangabezana nayo yonke into eyenziwa ngumuntu.
Ikhambo elibandayo
Kulesi sigaba lapho izinkanuko ziqala ukufudumala phakathi kwabantu ababili. Isigaba sokuheha yilapho uthando luqala ukugxila kumuntu oyedwa ikakhulukazi. Imvamisa, ngasikhathi sinye, othandweni luyaxaka, ngaso sonke isikhathi becabanga ngentshiseko yakhe. Kulesi sigaba senqubo yothando, i-dopamine ne-adrenaline mane nje "ukumbiwa", kunikeza umuzwa wokungatholi futhi ugcwalise amandla. Ochwepheshe bezengqondo ababheki lesi sigaba esingabalulekile, njengoba abaningi benza kaningi. Baphikisana nokuthi lesi sigaba siyadingeka ukuze usebenze uthando. Njengoba wazi, "uthando lwe-slea", nomuntu osothandweni ubona uthando lwakhe luphelele futhi alunakunqotshwa, okungenani isikhashana. Abantu abaningi bahlala bedumele lapho lesi sigaba sidlula, kepha ochwepheshe bathi kubaluleke kakhulu 'njengesixhumanisi sesikhashana' esigabeni esilandelayo.9 Okunamathiselwe
Okunamathiselwe kuyingxenye yokugcina yothando lapho ubudlelwano nomlingani luya ezingeni elijulile. Ukukhishwa kwe-dopamine ne-adrenaline amafu, futhi i-oxytocin iza ukuyibuyisela esikhundleni, kanye ne-vasopressin, "homogamous hormone", okunikeza isibonakaliso eqinisweni lokuthi isikhathi sesifikile sokuphumula futhi, mhlawumbe, sinezingane. Kuyajabulisa ukuqaphela ukuthi kwezinye izinhlobo zomhlaba wezilwane, lesi sigaba siyaphawulwa "ukuvikelwa kwensimu", okuyimigomo engaqhathaniswa "nokwakhiwa kwesidleke somndeni" nge-pair. Ngomqondo othile, okunamathiselwe kuhlala kukhona empilweni yabantu njengokubonisa uthando. Ngiseyingane, ingane iboshelwe emndenini nakubangane. Lokhu, yiqiniso, kuyashintsha impilo yakhe yonke, lapho kuvela abantu abahlukile kukho, ekugcineni okugcina ngokunamathiselwa kothandekayo. Lapho-ke okunamathiselwe ezinganeni kuyavela.
I-Psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud ichaze inqubo yokufaka ethandweni lokuthandana, okuthi ukubaluleka kwabantu abathanda futhi abakunakekelayo banda. Ukwenza lula kuyingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yothando lwezothando, oluqinisa okunye ukuxhumana kwabantu, yize kuvame ukwenzeka ngokungazi ngokuphelele. Kulesi sigaba, abantu bazivumelanisa nezinkolelo, amagugu, imicabango, izenzo, imikhuba kanye nokunye komunye nomunye. Kulesi sigaba lapho okunamathiselwe kumuntu kuba namandla kangangokuba ngisho nezinto ezincane ezimnandi kakhulu ezibonakala zinenjongo. Ikhulu le-XIX Phibhosopher Friedrich Nietzsche bathi izisusa ezingezinwelomizana eziyinhloko zomuntu ziqinisa izinto ezibalulekile kuye, futhi uma kungenjalo ukuzisebenzisa njengamandla okushayela ngenxa yomuntu. Kuliqiniso, ngenqubo yokwenziwa kwangaphakathi, abantu ababili bakha umnyombo owodwa wemibono, imicabango, izinkanuko, amathemba namaphupho, abangakha ngayo impilo yesikhathi esizayo.