Kuyo yonke imbali, kwabakho i-taboo ngomtshato nezalamane. Namhlanje iyaziwa ukuba le nto ityhafile kunye nemfuza yokuphumelela, ekhokelela kwizifo ezininzi, ezinje nge-hemophilia, kunye nendawo ephezulu, inokubakho kwi-genes kwintsapho yokuziqhelanisa nentsapho. Kunokwenzeka ukuba ucinga ukuba abantu abadumileyo nabanobulumko ngekhe bavumele izinto ezinjalo, kodwa bekungasoloko kunjalo.
I-1 Hobert Wells.
Elinye lamashumi eentsomi zesayensi yanamhlanje, iHerbert George Wells, eyanike umhlaba kwihlabathi elinjengokuthi "umatshini wexesha" kunye "nemfazwe yehlabathi", ngo-1891 yayingumfundisi weSayensi yeNdalo. Kwiminyaka engama-25, waphazanyiswa ziingxaki zempilo kunye neengxaki zemali. Le meko yemeko yayikhulelweyo kuphela xa watshata iminyaka engama-25 kumzala wakhe oneminyaka eli-25 u-Isayal mary Wells. Ngo-1894, bangcungcutheka (ngokolwazi ngemithombo eyahlukeneyo, ngesivumelwano okanye ukunyanzelisa i-herbert), kwaye kunyaka omnye owatshatayo, omnye womfundi wakhe wangaphambili.
Kuwo wonke umtshato wakhe, amaqula yayingengomxhasi wentshukumo yothando oluzinzileyo: Wayesenza yena. Phakathi kweenkolelo zakhe kwakukhona nababhali belo xesha, njengokuzingela i-violet. Inikelwe iindonga ezininzi. UHebereAudee Hubert Bland wabetha umbhali ngenoveli nentombi yakhe, kwaye ngenxa yexesha elithile impahla ye-Peeves iphinda idubule umbhali ngesizathu esinye. Iziqu zakhe ngokwakhe azizange zikhanyele nantoni na, bethetha ngaye: "Ndingumntu oziphethe kakubi. Ndazingela abantu abandithandayo. " Isenokungamangalisi into yokuba umntu oququzelelayo atshata umzala.
I-2 claudius
UClaudius uthathwa njengenye yezona zinto zilumkileyo (okanye ubuncinci bafundiswe) iiMulurs zeRoma zakudala. Ngasihlandlo sithile, umlawuli waseRoma woyisa ngokupheleleyo eBritani kwaye wandise imida yoMbuso eMntla Afrika, xa wayekho ixesha lokubhala phantse iincwadi ezingama-28 kwimbali ye-Etruscans). Akukho mntu unokucinga ukuba umlawuli utshatisa isalamane, kwaye yintoni ... ecinga ukuba waba ngumlawuli nje kuphela emva kokuba wayebulawa, kunye nenyaniso emininzi yokubulala kwilungu lokuqala leBhodi.
Lo mtshato wesithathu waseClaudia, kunye nomtshana woMoya omncinci omncinci (udadebo ka-Caligly) eyokuphela kweBhodi yakhe. Ukususela kwasekuqaleni, uAgrippina wayethandabuza kwaye waqinisekisa uMlawuli ukuba abize unyana wakhe olandelelweyo, ngaphandle kwento yokuba uClaudia wayesemncinci ngelo xesha. Kananjalo uAgrippina watyhefu umalume wakhe / umyeni wakhe umyeni wakhe xa unyana wakhe (owaba nguMlawuli) wayeneminyaka eli-16 ubudala. Isibakala sokuba wayeguqukele ngelixa uNero engazange abe ngumntu omdala ukuba athabathe itrone, wayenenjongo. Kuyinyani, uClaudia wayefanele ukuba wayelindele okufanayo, enikwa ukuba uAgrippin wayekrokrelwa ukuba ityhefu ityhefu iPasina yomyeni wakhe wangaphambili wangaphambili.
3 Albert Einstein
Ngokusisiseko, lo vulindlela wasentsimini we-physics ukhunjulwa ngenxa yomsebenzi wayo, ngakumbi igama lawo "ngqongqoseko yesiwa-sayala", eyenze inguquko ekuqondeni imeko, ixesha namandla. Ngokuqinisekileyo, wonke umntu wabona imifanekiso yase-Einstein kunye neenwele ezingwevu ezingakhange zitshintshwe. Kodwa ngeentsuku zokuqala, xa isayensi sasebenza kwiithiyori zakhe ze-Iconic, wenza oko kuya kubonakala ngathi akukho mbi nangemigangatho yeminye imitshato enzima.
Ngo-1903, uEinstein watshata nomntu osebenza naye - unjingalwazi wasePorksis Milece Maric. Ngelo xesha babenentombazana exineneyo eyayingunyaka waqala ngenxa yenoveli, eyaqala ngo-1897. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-1912, uEinstein ngequbuliso wayezithabatha iimvakalelo kuzala wakhe uElis, ubukho bayo, ubukho bayo bafunda ngaphambili. Ngo-1919, uEinstein waqhawula umtshato umfazi wakhe wokuqala, nangona ngo-1917 wayesele efudukele eElsa, owayehlala neentombi zakhe ezimbini emtshatweni ephela ngoqhawulo mtshato. Kwaye le ayisiyiyo yonke imihlohli ye-probos ye-proboous. Ngo-1918, uEinstein wayecinga kakhulu ukuba angayiyeki uElz ... intombi yakhe u-Ill, owayesebenza njengonobhala.
I-4 cleopatra
Intsapho kuyo yonke imbali yoluntu yayithathelwa ingqalelo njengento yothando efana neCoopatra. Ngokuqinisekileyo, wonke umntu weva ngolwalamano lwayo olunothando noJulia Caesar no-Anthony, obangela abantwana abane, ababesongela ikamva loBukhosi baseRoma. Kwaye ndingakhange ndikhankanye ubudlelwane bayo ne-ptolem xiii (kwaye olu lwalamano alunamntu oluza kufuna ukuba nothando).
Kwi-51 BC UCleopatra wangena kwitrone emva kokusweleka kukayise, uPtolemy xii. Ngelo xesha wayeneminyaka eli-18 ubudala, watshata umntakwabo uPtolemy xiii, owayeneminyaka eli-10 kuphela ubudala. Isivumelwano esinjalo asizukungaqhelekanga ngelo xesha: Utata wakhe uCleopatra wayetshatile nodadewabo Thethane ngokungqinelana nesiko. Ixesha lokukhwela itrone yabazalwana noodade abaselula aliphumelelanga, kuba ngelo xesha iJiputa yanamava nangezoqoqosho. Oku kwanegalelo kwinto yokuba uCleopatratitra kunye nomyeni wakhe ekugqibeleni batyhalela imfazwe yamakhaya, kwaye xa uJulius Caesar wangenelela kwicala likaCleopatra, waphelisa enye yezona zinto zimbi kakhulu kwimbali yoluntu.
I-5 Edgar Allan
Umbhali waseGothic owoyikekayo kunye nembongi, owaba yingqokelela yohlobo lohlobo oluthile "luphawu," luphawulelwe "emhlabeni wegazi. U-Edgar wayetshatile nomzala wakhe uVierinia xa wayeneminyaka engama-27 ubudala, kwaye wayeneminyaka eli-13 kuphela ubudala. Wayehlala naye iminyaka esixhenxe. Umahluko weminyaka phakathi kwawo wayemkhulu kangangokuba iminyaka emininzi isebenze njengomfundisi wabucala umfazi wakhe.
Kwakukho imizamo eliqela yokukhusela lo mtshato. Abanye bathi esi sibini silinde iminyaka eliqela ngaphambi kokuba bacwangcise umtshato, kwaye nabo batshata kuphela ngoba, kungenjalo, i-Edgar yayingenazo zonke izinto ezisemthethweni ukuba zithunyelwe kwi Isihlobo esisisityebi emva kokubulawa kukanina. Zithini iinjongo zenyani, isibakala sokuba umbhali wayehlala nomfazi wakhe ngaphambi kokuba asweleke ukuba afe iminyaka engama-24 ukusuka kwisifo sephepha esiyinyani.
I-6 James Wat
Lo mveliso weScotnish-Mephues kunye neGedesyarist zihlala zibonisa ukuba uyilo lwenjini ye-Steam, kodwa ayinjalo. Ngapha koko, wathabatha njengesiseko semoto yeSteam entsha, eyayineminyaka engaphezu kwama-50 ubudala, yaza yayiphucula. Oku kunika impembelelo ebalulekileyo kuvuthuzo lwemveliso. Kwangelo xesha, bambalwa abantu ababaziyo ngobomi bosapho bakhe, oko kukuthi, ngo-1764 watshata nomzala kaMargaret Miller.
Inyani yokuba uphumelele kangakanani umtshato wabo, kumaxwebhu embali agcinwe kancinane. Kuyaziwa ukuba umtshato wabo uthathe iminyaka esithoba (ekufeni kukaMargaret), kwaye wazala abantwana abathandathu. I-Watt yayingekufuphi emargaret ngexesha lokufa kwakhe, njengoko wayefuna umsebenzi phesheya kwiBritane. Ngo-1776, watshata uAnn McGregor, owamnika abantwana abaninzi abathathu.
I-7 Ataalpa
Phambi kokuhlaselwa kwabanqolobi, isimo sengqondo senkcubeko malunga nemitshato yegazi kuMbindi nakuMzantsi Merika yayihluke kakhulu. Kubukumkani be-Aztec, kwaqwalaselwa, enyanisweni, lulwaphulo-mthetho olunokubakho, nangona kwenye yeentsomi ezisisiseko, uThixo wabo ophambili uCetalCotl uSyon watshata udadewabo. Nangona kunjalo, ebukumkanini i-Incas, umlawuli kufuneka atshate ilungu losapho. Kwakukho iintsomi ezimbini ezichaseneyo, ezazimele ukuba ngumthombo wobukumkani insus: UManco Kapack watshata nonina okanye uBukhosi wamiselwa ngoodade abane abatshatileyo kwaba bazalwana abane. Nangona kunjalo, imitshato enjalo yayichanekile kuphela kwiklasi yokulawula. Umntu oqhelekileyo osekupheleni kwesisitha esibunzima unokuthembela kwinto yokuba igalelwe amehlo okanye ibulawe.
Kwenzeka loo nto ukuba i-Aaualpa yayitshatile nodadewabo xa wayengumlawuli wokugqibela wobukumkani i-Inca. Wakhokela imfazwe yamakhaya nomntakwabo Huascar iminyaka emihlanu ngelo xesha apho abatshintshi-mabini baseSpain batyalwe kunxweme lwePeru phantsi kobunkokeli be-Francisco Pizarro. Ukuva ukuba ooSpanish bakwazi ukukhulula umntakwabo kwaye babeka etroneni, uAtalpa wayalela ukuphunyezwa kweHuascara. Kulu lungiselelo kunye negazi legazi le-Atanaalpi baseStalpiards elisetyenziswa njengesizathu sokubulawa komlawuli.
I-8 ye-emver suinin
Ixesha leBhodi yeTang Debysy kwi-VIII yenkulungwane yethu ye-viii yenye yezona zinto zegolide ze-china kunye nexesha apho inkcubeko yaseTshayina yayinempembelelo ebaluleke kakhulu eJapan. Enye yeziphumo zolu yayilutshintsho kwi-taboos yaseJapan. Xa e-china, imitshato enkulu yayingamkelekanga kwasekuqalekeni kwembali yabo, eJapan kwiinkulungwane ezisemtshatweni zomtshato yayiziintsapho eziqhelekileyo.
Phakathi kwabo, uMlawuli we-11 uSuinin, owatshata umzala wakhe uSakishe kwinkulungwane yokuqala. Kwakubalulekile, kuba yenye kuphela kwezi zinto ezimbalwa ezaziwa ngaye, kwaye ngenxa yokungabikho kolunye ulwazi oluthembekileyo malunga neSuinin kukhokelela kwinto yokuba wabizwa ngokuba "yintsomi." Kungaqhelekanga ukuba yenye yeenyani ezimbalwa ezigciniweyo malunga nenkokeli yesizwe, elawula ngaphakathi kweminyaka engama-99.
I-9 Charles Darwin
Lowo wenze inguquko ekuqondeni uhlobo lwebhayoloji lomntu ngokutolikwa kwayo "imfundiso yendaleko," watshata nomzala wakhe, oko kukuthi ngokumangalisayo kunabantu abaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, kumbhali we "mvelaphi yeNdidi", uMtshato kumzala wakhe Emme Vedzhwood ngo-1838 wayengumthombo, ngokwahlukileyo kuyo yonke imitshato echazwe apha ngasentla.
I-Darwin ezine yayinabantwana abalishumi, uCharles wayeqonda ngokugqibeleleyo ukuba imitshato enjalo inokubangela iingxaki zempilo. Abathathu abantwana bakhe babulawa zizifo ezosulelayo ebuntwaneni. Esona sifo sivuthayo yayikukusweleka kukaCharles efudumele ngo-1858, ekubeni iDarwin yanyanzeleka ukuba iphoswe umngcwabo wokuqala 'wokuzivelela kwendalo' ukuya kumngcwabo. Kwanangabo babehlala abantu abadala, uDarwin wathi impilo yabo "ayithembeki." UDarwin waya kuthi ga ngoku waguqukela kurhulumente waseBritane ngesicelo sokuqhuba uphando lwezihlobo ezitshatileyo kunye nempilo yabo inzala yabo, kodwa isicelo sakhe sakhatywa.
I-10 Philip II iSpanish
Kwinkulungwane ye-XIGE, eSpain yayikwinqanaba lamandla ngexesha leBhodi ye-Philip II. Kudala ngaphambi kokuba iqale ukuthetha ngoBukhosi baseBritane, "ilanga alizange lihlale phantsi" ngaphezulu kobukumkani baseSpain. Ukongeza eSpain, iNetherlands kunye neNethiwekhi yase-Itali eYurophu, walawula phantse isiqingatha soMzantsi Merika kwaye ngaphezulu kwesiqingatha se-United States yaseMelika, ukuba singasathethi ke iiPhilippines. Ubukumkani balawula inxenye yolawulo oludumileyo lweHabburgs, ezaziwa ngomtshato wayo. Nangona kunjalo, uPhilip II ahamba engaphezulu kwenkoliso eninzi, njengoko watshata izizalwane zakhe izihlandlo ezine.
Ekuqaleni, watshata noTaria Portuguese, umzala katata nonina), owayesele echetywe kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, owayeneprince e-Rices, eyayineengxaki zempilo ebonakala ngathi rharles darwin. Emva koko watshata noTaa Tudor, umzala wakhe nentombazana ye-Heinerich VIII. Emva kokuba eswelekile ekuguleni, uPhilip II wathumela isindululo sokutshata uElizabhete i kwaye akazange afumane mpendulo (ngenxa yoko kwaqhutywa yi-Scotlight. Emva koko uPhilip IITS ngu-Rosulor udade-rousalor uElizabeth Alia (lo mtshato uthathe iminyaka esithoba). Kwaye ekugqibeleni, umfazi wokugqibela kaPhilip yayingumtshana wakhe waseNiest Austrisian. Umtshato wokugqibela wagqiba iminyaka eli-10 kwaye, kuyacaca ukuba, kwanele ukuba uPhilip II, kuba wayechitha iminyaka esibhozo edlulileyo yobomi bakhe kuphela.