I-Ludwig Wittlenstein, yenye yezona ziphosofers ezinefuthe kwinkulungwane yama-20, ibisebenzela utitshala wasemaphandleni kwiSikolo samabanga aphantsi iminyaka emithandathu. La mava awachaphazeleki kuphela intanda-bulumko yakhe, kodwa ikwabonisa ukuba umntu onobuchule obufana unokuba ngumfundisi olungileyo.
Xa ngo-1919, i-Wittgenstein yagqiba kwelokuba ngutitshala wasemaphandleni, udadewabo Herina wathi "Ingqondo yakhe yefilosofi, njengomfundisi wesikolo samabanga aphambili, kufana nebhokisi yesikolo samaplanga njengesixhobo seplanga."
Ngeli xesha, uLudwig sele edlulile kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuqala yaza yabhala isiphithiphithi sefilosofi yakhe "- isincoko, ngaphandle kwento engenakwenzeka ukuba icinge-qokelelo lokuphuhliswa kwengcinga ye-20.
Kwindlela "yentanda-bulumko enengqondo" kuyenzeka ukuba "imida yolwimi ithetha imida yehlabathi": Yonke into engenakuchazwa ngolwimi lweziphakamiso " okufanayo kwaye oko kukuthi "- i-tavtology okanye ukungasebenzi. Yiyo loo nto ithesisi "into ekungenakwenzeka ukuthetha ngayo, malunga noko kuthula." Umzekelo, isimilo asinakuchazwa okanye sinengqiqo: Iinyaniso zokuziphatha azinakuchazwa- kuphela ukubonisa.
Unyango, nangona kunjalo, aluzange lupapaswe, kodwa wonke umntu (ngokukodwa, utitshala wakhe uBerra Russell) Kwakucacile ukuba kukho umntu onobuchule obukhethekileyo.
Hayi i-whim kunye nengcinga
I-Tolstovist eqinisekisiweyo, i-Wittlenstein ilandele ienjongo ze-Ascetic: Ilifa elikhulu, elalinikezelweyo nguYise - isitya sentsimbi - wakhwela izihlobo okanye wakunika izihlobo. Ubomi bakhe bonke wazama ukuzibekelela kakhulu kwizinto zokuba ukhathalele intuthuzelo yakhe, ungasathethi ke ubunewunewu.
Ukongeza, isigqibo sakhe, ekucaca ukuba, siphembelela uhlengahlengiso lwesikolo, esaqala eOstriya nje ngeli xesha.
Ukuba ubukhosi beHabburs bazisa umthetho-othobekileyo kunye nobuqhetseba, kodwa abangenzi ntsika, emva koko idemokhrasi intsha ifunwa ngabemi basenokucinga ngokunzulu. Nangona uWittgenstein kwaye wahleka kwiiqubulo zenguqu, wabaphatha nzulu izikhundla zakhe eziphambili.
Molo, ilali!
Esikolweni, i-WittGenstein yafundisa yonke into - ukusuka kwiMathematics ukuya kwiSayensi kunye neSayensi yeNdalo. Omnye wemigaqo yendlela entsha yayingu uqeqesho oluhlanganisiweyo: Isihloko ngasinye kufuneka sihambelane nelinye.
Usuku oluhlala luqala ngentsimbi yesibini yemathematics, ethi abanye abafundi bakhumbule kamva ngenkuthalo. Abantwana abalishumi kwafuneka basebenzise ukwakhiwa okuntsonkothileyo ze-algebraic, ngoku bafundiswa kuphela kwizikolo eziphakamileyo, kwaye hayi rhoqo.
Ngeklasi, waqhubeka ehamba kwiidolophu ezikufutshane - iVienna kunye ne-Gloggnitz - apho ebelahla khona ebantwaneni eentaba zolwazi malunga neendlela zokwakha, iindlela ezahlukeneyo kunye notshintsho, zichaze imithetho yefiziksi. Endleleni ebuyayo, esenza indlela yakhe ehlathini, abafundi baqokelela iisampulu zamatye nezityalo. Yonke into abanokuzazi iiseshoni zesikolo zachazwa kwimizekelo ethile: amava kunye nokujonga okufunyenwe ngabantwana kubomi bemihla ngemihla baba yinto yokufunda.
Abafundi abaninzi bamkela i-Witgrenstein, ngaphandle kwento yokuba wayenovalo kwaye efuna utitshala. Ngoyena mntu unokubakho, wayehlala esenza ixhala labazali abanamangalisayo: Bakrokrela ukuba ufuna abantwana kwezolimo emsebenzini wezolimo kwaye bafudukele esixekweni.
I-Wiennstein yazama ngokwenene ukuthumela abanye abafundi eVienna emva kokuphumelela, ukunyanzelisa ukuba "ukuba inyanzelise ukuba" ukuba nomgquba kuya kuba mnandi. " Kodwa akazange aphumelele kule. Ngokubanzi, nabazali nabanye ootitshala eWittgenstein, ubudlelwane khange bathathe ubume:
Ndisekwi-trattenbach, kwaye ndijikeleze, njengokuba kuhlala kunjalo, ukungaqhelekanga kuyakour. Ndiyakuqonda ukuba ubukhulu becala, abantu abayi kuba lubalulelo kuyo yonke indawo, kodwa apha babhengezwe kakhulu kwaye ayaziwa ngakumbi kunaphi na.
Kwaye ayisiyiyo yonke into ehlelwe ngabantwana: I-Wittgenstein yayinomsindo okhawulezileyo kwaye ihlala isetyenziswa kubo. Ngaphandle kwemithetho-siseko yokufunda, yabetha abantwana ngeentsontelo kwandulela ukulandelelana kwezinto. Kodwa kubonakala ukuba, kubonakala ukuba, yadlula emideni: iguqukele kumandla omzimba, isohlwayo kungekuphela nje ngokuziphatha kakubi, kodwa ngokudumisa (engazange inyaniseke), i-theraws kwiindlebe zayo kwaye inyathelwe iindlebe zakhe Umfundi weenwele.
Ekugqibeleni, isiganeko senzekile, nto leyo eyayinyanzelisa i-Wittgenstein ukuba ishiye isikhundla sikatitshala: emva kokubetha okuninzi entloko, omnye wabafundi bakhe wazivanga. Ngokukhawuleza uWittgenstein washiya isikolo kwaye kamva wanomdla kwinkundla. Inkundla yamfikisa, kodwa emva kweminyaka eli-10, uLuddige ufike weza kubafundi bakhe bangaphambili, ukuba baxolise ngokuziphatha kwenkohlakalo.
Abahlali abambonayo ezilalini zange bafanekisela iingcinga zeTolstovsky - bajika babe ngamavila kwaye bancipha nabantu abanokucinga okuncinci, babhaptizelwe ngenkunkuma. Kwanabantwana, kubonakala ngathi kuyasilela ukucoceka, ukuvuleleka nokucaca kwendlela yokucinga. Oku akazange axolele okanye omnye.
Genius kunye nabafundi
Uphazamisa nayiphi na i-nasi emva koko, osasaza ixesha elibanzi. Ingqubana kakhulu kunye nengxolo - umsindo ombi! -Ukuqinisekisa ukuba kulungile, kwaye wonwabe ngenyaniso yokuba ngasekunene ...
Ukuba i-Wittlenstein yabuza imibuzo, yayinokwenzeka ngokwayo- abanye bazabalazela ubunzima kwiingcamango zakhe, kwaye kukho izimvo zomnye umntu njengento yokugxekwa - okanye ayikho konke konke.
Uninzi lwalugawule ukubandakanyeka kwintanda-bulumko, ukuyijonga ichitha ixesha elingenamsebenzi: Abanye abafundi kwicebo lakhe bade basebenze kumzi-mveliso. Umsebenzi womzimba, wathetha i-WittGenstein, iluncedo kwingqondo kunye nophuhliso lwabazali, kunye nezithandi-zobulumko zibandakanyeka kwi-Pseuderadble, enyanisweni ayimi nto.
Ijongeka ngathi nguSchizophrenic
Kwi "Phililosofical Izifundo", umsebenzi wesibini onzulu kaWittgenstein, owapapashwa ngo-1953, uninzi lufumanisa ukubakho kokuziqhelanisa nemfundiso yakhe: Iindlela ezininzi zengqondo, iimvavanyo ezininzi zengqondo kunye nobomi bezinto zemihla ngemihla. Ukusuka kwingcinga yolwimi lwesayensi olunokuchaza ngokufanelekileyo inyani, i-Wittlenstein yafudukela "intanda-bulumko yolwimi oluqhelekileyo" - de kube njani na intetho.
"Ubomi obuqhelekileyo" bungabikho kuye - yonke into yaba sisizathu sokwenza uphando kunye nokucamngca. Abajikelezileyo kwakunzima kakhulu ukuhlala kufutshane nomntu onjalo:
Incoko nganye ene-WittGenstein ijongeka ngathi yi-terning yenkundla yoyikekayo. Kwakuyoyikeka. Ilizwi ngalinye, yonke ingcinga kwafuneka ikhutshwe, ibuzwa kwaye ivavanye inyani. Kwaye ixhalabisa intanda-bulumko kuphela, kodwa nobomi ngokubanzi.
I-Wittgenstein, ekucacileyo, bonke ubomi bakhe bafumana uSchizophrenia, kwaye ngoku bekungayi kukhululeka esikolweni.
Ukhohlakala kwaye kuyanyanzela, unokuba ngumthombo wokuphefumlelwa kunye nokuncoma, unokubeka isiqalo sendlela entsha yefilosofi kwaye ichaphazele ukuphuculwa kolwazi oluvela kuluntu, kodwa wayengenamfundisi olungileyo. Utitshala wase-Nolens Malens kufuneka azihlule kwimisebenzi yakhe, enxulumene kakhulu nokungasebudala kwaye angafuni kwabanye kakhulu.
I-Wittgenstein, eyabizwa ngokuba yisampulu ye-gesius ngexesha lobomi bakhe, ityalwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ayinakukwazi ukuyifumana.
Ithunyelwe ngu: Oleg Bocarnifishiftment Inqaku: Instonew