Ngaphandle kwento yokuba isigwebo sentambo namhlanje sisetyenziswa kancinci, kanye xa yayikwimihla ngemihla. Ihlala igwetywe i-SATTATTARTS yayiphantsi kwentshutshiso yenkohlakalo ukuze ibonise kubo bonke ukuba balindele ukwaphula umthetho. Lonke ilizwe kwilizwe ngalinye lalineendlela zabo zokudala zokufa.
Kwiimeko ezininzi, umbono yayikukuba lo mthetho uza kubakho kangangoko kunokwenzeka, kwaye amaxesha amaninzi ahlala ebeka idiphozithi yokuphumelela okuphunyezwayo. Sinika imizekelo yezinye zezona ndlela zokuphucuka kwengqondo kunye neyoyikeka kakhulu.
1. I-Linchi (inqunyulwe kancinci)
I-Lychi yayiyindlela yokubulawa yinkohlakalo eTshayina, eyayiqhelisela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1905. Waye kukuba uninzi lweziqwenga zenyama ezincinci zanqunyulwa kwixhoba de wasweleka elahlekeni negazi. Ababulali bafuna ukunqunyulwa njengamaqhekeza enyama kangangoko kunokwenzeka, ngaphandle kokubulala ixhoba. Le ndlela yayisaziwa ngokuba "kukufa kumawakawaka okusike."
U-Lychi wavuka kwinkulungwane ye-X kwaye wavakaliswa ngaphandle komthetho kuphela ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20. Kuba wayeqhelisela ngaphezulu kweminyaka eli-100 eyadlulayo, le yenye yeendlela ezimbalwa zokwenza olu luhlu, ezifihliweyo kwifilimu. Inkqubo yokuphunyezwa yayixhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, ezinje ngobuchule nenceba yomntu ophumeleleyo, kunye nobunzulu bolwaphulo-mthetho olugqibeleleyo.
Ngokutsho kwezinye iirekhodi ezigciniweyo ze-mng, ukusuka kwixhoba kunganqunyulwa kangangemizuzu engama-3,000 de asweleke, ngelixa ezinye iingxelo zithi yonke inkqubo ihleli phantsi kwemizuzu yonke. Ngamanye amaxesha babegwetyelwe nge-opium, kodwa bekungacacanga, bakwenza oko ukuba banesifo esingaphezulu okanye abangaphantsi (oku kunokubabambezela ixesha elide). I-Linchi yenye yezona ndlela ziphambili "zohlwayo ezintlanu" - ubungakanani bohlwayo kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lobunzima. Ixhoba alikwazanga nokuba lingabulala, kodwa "ukusika impumlo, imilenze okanye ihlambuluko.
2. Wasindisa
Ngamaxesha aphakathi eYurophu, amaxhoba aboniswa kwisiqingatha seKhomishini yolwaphulo-mthetho, njengobugqwirha, ukukrexeza, ukubulala, ukunyelisa kunye nobusela. UBukhosi baseRoma bakhetha ukubeka umntu ukuba babone ngokuthe tyaba, ngelixa amaTshayina ayenethemba ngakumbi, ethe cwaka, amaxhoba abo abhekisa ezantsi kwaye ebabona, esuka e-Groin. Le ndlela yayisebenza ngakumbi kwinto yokuba amaxhoba eve ubunzima, kuba ingqondo yayiyeyona mpahla ilungileyo yegazi yandisa ukuhlala.
Ngokwamaxwebhu embali ye-Czech Gusforky Gusitsky, ngelo xesha amaxhoba aqala ukubona izandla kunye nemilenze, efudukela amanxeba ngetotshi, kwaye kuphela emva kokuba abagwebileyo bagwetyiwe ngesiqingatha. Ke iRoma yakudala, uCaligula, njengoko uyazi, ukuthandwa ngesidlo sasemini, ubukele indlela abantu abasebenza ngayo abantu ngendlela efanayo, enandipha ukubandezeleka kwabo.
3. Iindlovu zokwenza
Kwabizwa ngokuba "yi-guo rao", le ndlela yokohlwaywa yayisetyenziswa ikakhulu eAsia naseIndia, nangona ubungqina bale ndlela bukhona kwihlabathi laseNtshona (kodwa kumatyala anqabileyo). Ukubulawa kweendlovu yayiyindlela yokufa eyaziwayo e-India ukususela kumaXesha Aphakathi. Amaxhoba ahlala enamajoni otshaba okanye abantu abazenza ubusela njengobusela, ukuphefumla ngokuhlawula irhafu kunye nemvukelo.
Ngaphandle kobuninzi bezilwanyana ezinokusetyenziselwa ukubulawa, iindlovu zazisetyenziswa ngenxa yokuba banokuqeqeshwa ekuphenduleni nasekubulaweni kwezolwaphulo-mthetho. Umzekelo, elephants linokuchithwa ukuze atyumze imilenze yexhoba. Omnye umzekelo wokuphunyezwa kweendlovu uxelele umhambi waseFranch Francois Bernier. Wabona indlovu eqeqeshelwe ukuba 'basike "izaphuli-mthetho ezifakwe kwimisila yakhe.
4. Ukuxhonywa, ukuncwina kunye nekota
Ngokutsho komthetho wesiNgesi, yayisohlwayo ngendoda eyamkelwa njengetyala lokuvutha komsindo (abafazi batshiswa emlilweni). Kude kube ngo-1870, abo bamkelwa njengetyala lobutyebi bukaMthetheli, bebotshelelwe kwimithwalo okanye izitya ezivunwa ngamahashe, baza batsalwa kuloo ndawo. Kukho isiphuli-mthetho esixhonyiweyo, kodwa senze ngokuthe ngcembe, kwaye asikhuthazile isitulo esivela phantsi kweenyawo (ukuze singaphumi intamo). Ngokuba ngaphambi kokufa, intambo yanqunyulwa, yabekwa intambo, yabekwa umntu etafileni. Apho umoyiki wanqumla amabala akhe kwaye wagqogqa abathengisi, etshisa.
Ekugqibeleni, idini lenziwa, kwaye umzimba watshabalala wangena ndawo zine. Rhoqo intloko kunye neziqwenga zomzimba zaxhonywa ngamanzi abilayo (kangangokuba zazingaphumi ngokukhawuleza) yabeka isixeko esangweni njengesilumkiso. Le ndlela yokuphucula intlungu yaqala yahlulwa emva ko-1241 ukohlwaya uWilliam Maurice, owagwetywa ngetyala. Kumthetho wokubheja ngo-1814, indlela eyenziwe ngayo "kube lula". Ngoku isaphuli-mthetho sixhonywa nje (sele sisiqhelo, ngokuqhekeka kwentamo) kunye nentloko ebuhlungu.
5. Gibbing
Kwi-scotland, le meko yesigwebo sentambo yayijolise ikakhulu kubabulali abagwetyiweyo. Ngokutsho komthetho malunga nokubulawa kuka-1752, imizimba yababulali eyenziweyo nokuba yinto yokuziqhelanisa okanye yanqunyanyiswa ngamakhonkco. I-Gibbing inyamalala ngasekupheleni kwe-1770s, nangona ngaphambi kwe-1834 yakukhona imithetho ibonelela ngesohlwayo.
Esona sizathu sokuba kutheni ukuthandwa kolu hlobo lokufa kwaqala ukwehla yinyani yokuba imizimba yolwaphulo-mthetho ifakwe kuphela kwiindawo zokubulawa kwabo, kwaye ayinakukwazi ukusebenza njenge "screarew" jikelele ". Eyona nkcazo ibaluleke kakhulu kule ndlela yokufa yibali lika-Alexander Gillan. Wayengumkhonzi womlimi owagwetywayo ngokudlwengulwa nokubulala kwintombazana eneminyaka eli-11 eneminyaka eli-11 ebizwa ngokuba yiMvana ye-Elespte nge-1810. Wayiphulisa iinkomo zikayise xa umtyholwa wamhlanga wabulala wafa.
Ijaji yayifuna ukwenza isigwebo sentambo, esiya kuqwalaselwa ukuba singumzekelo wolwaphulo-mthetho olunobubele, ke wagqiba kwelokuba uGilla uya kuphunyezwa kwindawo enye efunyenwe apho ixhoba laxhonywe khona, kwaye umzimba wakhe waxhonywa njengesikhumbuzo yokubulala.
6. Ukuphulula
Le ndlela yokohlwaya yayikukuba isaziso sagwetywa sibekwe kwindawo evaliweyo ngaphandle kokuphuma. Ngamanye amaxesha yaba yintolongo yobomi, kwaye kwezinye iimeko amaxhoba aya kugwetywa ngenxa yokufa kwindlala kunye nokuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni. Kwifoto, eyapapashwa okokuqala ekukhutshelwe iJografi yeSizwe ye-1922, lo mbulelo wawubonisiwe ngokucacileyo: Ibhinqa laseMongolia lalivalelwa kwibhokisi yemithi entlango.
Umfoti uAlbert uKani wangqina ukuba umfazi wacela ukuba amnike ukuba atye, kodwa anyanzelwa ukuba amshiye ebhokisini, kuba kuya kuba luphulukweni okukhulu kwe-anthropologist-ukungenelela kwinkqubo yezobulungisa bolwaphulo-mthetho yelinye inkcubeko. Ngokutsho kweKana, eli bhinqa laligwetyelwe ukrexeza. Kodwa amaxhoba akazange afe indlala.
Ngokwengxelo yephephandaba ukusukela ngo-1914, e-China, izaphuli-mthetho zavalwa kwiibhokisi zentsimbi ezinzima, apho zazingakwazi ukuhlala ngqo okanye zalala, zolula. Yimizuzu embalwa ngemini, banokubona ukukhanya kwelanga xa bephosa ukutya ngomngxunya omncinci kwibhokisi.
7. Poena Cullei.
Kwabizwa ngokuba "kukubulawa kwengxowa", olu hlobo lokuphunyezwa kwenzelwe abo bagwetywa ngezalamane zokubulala. Ixhoba lathunyelwa kwingxowa yesikhumba kunye neenyoka eziphilayo, inkawu, iqhude kunye nenja, emva koko zaphathwa kwindawo yokugcina amanzi. Into ebangela umdla, ekuqaleni (ubuncinci, ivunyiwe kuxwebhu oludala, apho kuchaziwe nguPoena Cullei) ebhegini kunye nesaphuli-mthetho kuphela inyoka. Ngaphambi kokuba bangcungcuthekise abantu abagwetywe ukuba "babulawa ebhegini", babethwa kuqala ziinti ezipeyintwe ngombala wegazi, emva koko bagxothwa. Ekugqibeleni, uPena Cullei wathatyathwa ngokutshisa ivutha iphila.
8. I-Skatism
Yayiyindlela yamaPersi yamaPersi yamaPersi yamaPersi enkulu, enzelwe abo bazenza izinto zolwaphulo-mthetho ezinzulu, njengokubulala okanye ukuvutha kwengqondo. Ibhunga eliyingenisiweyo lolwaphulo-mthetho kwaye liboshwe ngokuqinileyo kwisiqu esingaphezulu okanye phakathi kwezikhephe ezimbini, emva koko zatyumka ngobisi nobusi. Esi sohlwayo sihlala senzeka kwi-swamp okanye elangeni. Ayisiyo kuphela abantu abanyanzelwa ngalo mxube, wayekhohliswa ngumzimba wexhoba. Oku kutsala zonke iintlobo zezinambuzane, kunye neegundane.
Amaxhoba kaSoka aphethwe yirhudo olukhulu (khumbula oko bahlabileyo), ngenxa yokuba babenobuthathaka kunye nokuphelelwa ngumsebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, abafanga ngenxa yesifo somdiza ababangelwa, kuba babehlala bebondla inani elikhulu lobisi nobusi.
Oku kuthetha ukuba izaphuli-mthetho zinokuphila kwiintsuku ezininzi kunye neeveki kwisihogo esincinci, ibisi, ubusi kunye nezinambuzane, zidle inyama kunye nezilwanyana, zidle inyama kunye nezibungu ezilele kuyo. Ekugqibeleni, i-larvae yatya umzimba ngaphakathi.
9. Ukugcina
Kwabizwa ngokuba "livili leCatherine", kuba imvelaphi yayo yayinxulunyaniswa neCathesandria yase-Alexandria, olu hlaselo lobushushu lwalusetyenziswa kumaxesha aphakathi eYurophu.
Kwathandwa eFrance naseJamani, kwaye kwezinye iimeko kwakusasetyenziswa nasemva kweminyaka emihlanu. Abantu abagwetyelwe ukubulala kwiimeko ezibanzi badityaniswa kwivili leTV, kwaye bazisa izandla neenyawo ngentsimbi okanye ityhubhu. Emva koko, ivili laphakanyiswa, kwaye isaphuli-mthetho savezwa ngumntu wonke.
10. IGarrota
Ukubulawa ngoncedo lweGarota kwaziswa okokuqala ngo-1812 njengenye indlela yokuxhonywa. Ubuncinci abantu abangama-736 babulawa ngendlela efanayo eSpain ngexesha le-Xix. Ngokwesiqhelo, le ndlela yesigwebo sentambo yagwetywa ngabo babonwa njengetyala lolwaphulo-mthetho olunjengokubulala, i-banditry okanye izenzo zobugqwirha. Ibanjwa U-Sadali waxhasa umqolo wakhe kwirakhi, kwaye intamo yaqiniswa ngentambo yentambo, ethi ibhola ibiqiniswe ngasemva ngentonga.
Kwakukho nenguqulelo yesiTshayina yale ndlela yokuphucula isebenzisa iholo yethiyetha. Ixesha elingaphezulu, kwenziwa iziphuculo ezininzi. Intambo yathathelwa indawo yi-hoop yensimbi, eyayiqhutywa sisikrelem kunye ne-lever. KwiCatalan Garota, i-Blade yenkwenkwezi efana ne-screen yongezwa kwisikali, enesikroba ", iqukwe intamo yebanjwa yaza kuthintela i-spine, ngokufanelekileyo ukuthintela i-spineroches eshukumayo.
Nangona ixhoba lihlala liphulukene nengqondo ngokukhawuleza laza lafa kwimizuzu embalwa, yayingeloliphumo siqinisekisiweyo. Oku kukhokelele kwisigqibo sokuba loo ndlela yokubulawa yayingaze ikhawuleze okanye inobugqwirha kunokuxhonywa.