Abaphandi baseSweden baseMikael Tolinder kunye no-Oscar Erickson bathathe isigqibo sokujonga indlela eyahlukileyo kumgaqo wokuhlangula "Abafazi nabantwana babengowokuqala." Bafunda uluhlu lweenqanawa ezili-18 ezinkulu zenqanawa ezenzekileyo kwiminyaka engama-300 edlulileyo, kwaye zeyiseka ukuba zisebenza, ukubeka ngobumnene, kungabi kakuhle.
Ukuqala, kwavela ukuba abaphathi neqela basindiswa rhoqo kunabakhweli. Emva koko, ukusuka kwi-15,000 yabantu abaswelekayo kwezi meko ze-18, kuphela i-178% yabafazi basindisiwe, kwaye i-34,5% yamadoda! Pics.ru uza kusixelela ukuba kutheni le nto yenzekile.Ukufa kukaBrigalehelate, 1852
Kwabangama-556 abantu basweleke abangama-555, kwaye bonke babengamadoda. Abafazi abayi-7 kunye nabantwana abayi-13 basindisiwe.
I-Crigate ithutha umkhosi waseBritane eMzantsi Afrika kwaye yatsiba kwi-ShemarmarmarmarMarmarine Sliff engachongi kwimephu. Igosa eliphezulu layalela ukuba amajoni akhe akhe nokutsiba abafazi nabantwana abambalwa (kwacaca ukuba izikhephe aziyi kuba sanele wonke umntu). Amajoni ayigcina le nkqubo de inqanawa iqhude, emva koko yazama ukuya elunxwemeni. Ngaphambi kokuba ibe yi-1.5-2 iikhilomitha, kwaye amanzi aselunxwemeni anqunyulwe ookrebe. Kukholelwa ukuba eli bali libalaseleyo liphawula ukuqala kwembali ababhinqileyo nabantwana basindisa okokuqala.
Umkhweli uStectic Arctic uya ezantsi, i-1854
268 Abantu bafa, phakathi kwabo bafazi abangama-62 (oko kukuthi, yonke into imanyene ngokupheleleyo) kunye ne-165 amadoda (malunga ne-80%).
Inqanawa yaseMelika eyajongana nayo kwinkungu kunye nesiFrentshi seSteamer yasentshona. Umphathi, de owokugqibela, wazama ukusindisa abafazi nabantwana, thina abakhweli, nabaphathi beqela elivunyelwe. Bakhethe abantu bazingcikiva zonke iitotani, kwaye ngenxa yengcinezelo esasiza kuwo emanzini ukuze bathabatha elinye icandelo labantu. Xa abafazi ababehlala beza kwigumbi lokuhambisa amanzi, inqanawa ekugqibeleni yaphosa emanzini, bafa bonke. Kwakukho malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-20 ukuya elunxwemeni, kwaye ubushushu bamanzi bumalunga ne-7 degrees.
I-Wheel Steumer Golden Gomen Isango, i-1862. Umlilo namanzi
Abantu abayi-184 basweleka, apho abangama-28 abafazi (abangama-64% babo bonke abasetyhini) kunye namadoda ayi-156 (50%).
Eli bali liyaziwa, ubukhulu becala, ngenxa yokuba kunye neThekhi yenqanawa yatshona igolide, eyafunyanwa kamva. Kodwa i-rowned yayingekho lula. Umlilo waqala ngenqanawa. Umphathi wakwazi ukuzisa inqanawa ukuba uphantse unxweme, kwaye amanzi wayenobushushu, kodwa, ewe, umlilo wasitshabalalisa.
I-crackper emantla yenqaba, 1873
Kubantu abangama-367 basweleka abangama-74 abafazi (96%) kunye nama-213 amadoda (73%).
Ebumnyameni bobusuku, olubanjelwe ngu-Akore, inqanawa yabakhweli sesiNgesi ihamba iSpain Murillo. I-Nortflit yank esingaphantsi kwesiqingatha seyure. Umphathi wazama ukuqinisekisa usindiso lwabafazi nabantwana kwaye wahlela umlenze wakhe emntwini owayephule i-odolo yakhe. Wakwazi ukusindisa umfazi wakhe ngale ndlela, kodwa izikhephe zangenakuphela kwaye kunexesha elincinci. Inxalenye yabakhweli yayisindiswe ngenxa yamandla amakhulu, bakhwela kwiiMasts, kwaye bathabatha abahlanguli kwezinye iinqanawa.
"Iqela ngokungafikeleli kwizikhephe ezimbini zokutya kunye nabafazi nabantwana, njengeenkawu, amadoda akhawuleza avela phezulu kwi-ATAMS. Kwakukho uninzi lwabo ... iinqanawa ezigcweleyo, zakhawuleza ukuya ebhodini, zaya ezantsi, kwaye phantse bonke ababekubo babulawa kumanzi omkhenkce. "
Ukuwa kweAtlantic, 1873
Kubantu abangama-868 basweleke abangama-235 abafazi (bonke, ngaphandle komfanekiso) kunye namadoda angama-303 (45%).
Ngenxa yempazamo yokuKhaya, isikhephe sesiNgesi sakhawuleza saya kwimigodi. Iinqanawa zecala lasekhohlo zihlambe ngamanzi emkhenkce. Abantu balwa abantu abaseleyo, abafuduki abaninzi abaziqondi amaqela ngesiNgesi. Inqanawa yaqhekeka, kwaye imfuza, apho iikhabhathi zazilungiselelwe abafazi abangatshatanga kunye neentsapho, zanyamalala phantsi kwamanzi. Iqela ngeentambo likwazile ukuya elunxwemeni, kwaye abanye abantu babenamandla ngokwaneleyo okuphuma, bebambe iintambo.
I-Thamemes Mogley-I-Steamer Princess Alice, 1878
Yabantu abangama-837 babulala abafazi abangama-83 (ama-88%) kunye namadoda angama-294 (78%).
Ukuhanjiswa kwemilambo kubonakala kukhuselekile ngakumbi. Ityala labo lalisehlotyeni, umculo odlalwa kwinqanawa yohambo, uninzi lwabakhweli-abafazi nabantwana. Ngequbuliso, i-Steamer ibambene nenqaba ye-coalselball ye-Coleal I-Coil enzima iphantse inqumle i-steamer kwisiqingatha. Inkosazana imbiwe kwimizuzu emi-4. Ngezo ntsuku, bambalwa abantu ababaziyo ukuba baqubha, kwakumnyama, ewe bafazi bayayihlazisa impahla yothuziyo. Kumanzi amdaka, iThames isweleke abantu abangama-697.
INorway I-Steamer Stemer Nirge, i-1904
KwiBhodi yabantu abangama-795. Bangama-336 abafazi basweleke (iipesenti ezingama-90) kunye nama-299 amadoda (71%).
Inqanawa ivele kwi-reef engaphantsi kwamanzi. Wathabatha i-Afloat malunga nemizuzu engama-20, ukothuka yayiphakathi, nangona amaqela abantu basemzini awaqondwanga kwiilwimi zeScandinavia (abasemzini kwaye babengaphantsi, ngenxa yoko). I-Captain kunye neqela elingaphezulu okanye elincinci likwaziwa ukuba lixhase abantu kwizikhephe. Unxweme kunye noncedo lwalude kakhulu. Kuphela ngabo babenendawo eyaneleyo kwizikhephe ezaneleyo basinda.
I-Titanic edumileyo, ngo-1912
Yabantu abangama-2208 babulala abafazi abangama-130 (abangama-27%) kunye ne-1366 amadoda (79%).
Eli bali likwanjalo. Umphathi weTitanic wasongela ukuba adubule abo bathintela abasetyhini nabantwana ukuba basebenzise i-boody haats (kusenokwenzeka ukuba bayanele wonke). Kwaye, ngasendleleni, wafa ngenqanawa.
I-Canada ye-Ireland yaseCanada, ngo-1914
Yabantu abayi-1448 babulala abangama-354 abafazi (99%) kunye namadoda angama-629 (60%).
Ngenxa yokungaqondani kwemeko ngabaphathi kwinkungu kwi-liner, inqanawa yaseNorway inqanawa yaphuphuma. Kwenzeke ebusuku, kwaye inqanawa yatshona kangangemizuzu eli-14. Abakhweli balala kwiikhabhati ezisezantsi ezinde, inxenye yezikhephe zahlanjwa. Malunga nemizamo ethile ekhethekileyo yokusindisa abasetyhini nabantwana abaziwa nje. Ngubani owomeleleyo kwaye enethamsanqa, abo basindiswayo.
Ukufa kukaLusitania, ngo-1915. Amanzi kunye namaJamani
Ye-1958 yabantu basweleka abangama-326 abafazi (ama-63%) kunye nama-864 amadoda (60%).
Inqanawa yayithuthunjiswe ngamaJamani. Wasimisa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukuboleka emkhombeni kwakunzima kwinto yokuba waqhubeka nokushukuma, kwaye izikhephe zaphuka ngaye. Ngapha koko, abanye abantu batsalwa kwi-whirlpool, eyaphakama kwi-dive yenqanawa.
Imigaqo-siseko yase-Italiya iLiner, ngo-1927
Yabantu abayi-1186 babulala abafazi abangama-68 (abangama-27%) kunye nama-241 amadoda (26%).
Inqanawa yayikwimeko embi. Xa wahlukana elwandle, kwaphulwa isikhafu sakhe sokuqhuma, kwasekwa ukophula umthetho. Imisebenzi yokuhlangula yalungelelaniswa kakubi, abakhweli abakhweli, kunye neqela, bazisindisa kakhulu.
Intlekele ne-vestz, ngo-1929
Kwabantu abangama-308 basweleke abangama-31 kwabasetyhini (76%) kunye nama-94 amadoda (35%).
Isandi ngenxa yeempazamo kulawulo. Inqanawa yafumana amanzi ixesha elide kakhulu, kodwa iPustlin Medlil, esenza isigqibo. Xa ekugqibeleni, umsebenzi wokuhlangula waqala, abafazi nabantwana behlala behlala behleli esikhepheni. Kodwa bobabini bajika ngexesha lokudelela, kwangomnye watyunyuza ngequbuliso.
Ubusuku bare lir molo Allro Affle, 1934
Yabantu abangama-542 babulala abafazi abangama-50 (25%) namadoda angama-80 (23%).
Umphathi wenqanawa wazibulala. Kungekudala ebusuku umntu othile wabeka umlilo kwilayibrari yenqanawa. Iqela kunye nokutshintshwa kwe-Captain Priverievent aphendule aphile. Inqanawa ifakwe ngesantya esiphezulu ngokutshintsha ikhosi, ijika ibe ngumlilo. Abakhweli bazama ukumva ngokwabo. Igciniwe, uninzi lwamalungu eqela. Iqhawe lale nqanawa yayingumtya werediyo, owayekwazi ukudlulisela i-SOS kumzamo wokugqibela. Kwaye kuphela kwiminyaka eli-19 kamva kwathi loo nto yakhathaza i-phathi yaza yatshisa inyamakazi.
Ukuntywiliselwa kwe-English Carling Fricet Princee Visch Victoria, 1953
Kwabantu abayi-179 basweleke abangama-31 abafazi (zonke) kunye namadoda angama-104 (71%).
Ngexesha lesiphango, isango le-EST, umkhombe wazonza amanzi ngamanzi. Inqanawa yayithe cwaka ixesha elide, kodwa iinkundla ezaziza kuhlangula aziyifumani nangayiphi na indlela. Imeko ephindaphindiweyo, xa abafazi nabantwana batyalwa kwisikhephe esinye, kwaye yayingumphunga wakhe. Zonke ezinye izikhephe bezingaphumi nyhani.
Intlekele yeSoviet. I-Steamer Admiral Nakhmov, 1986
Bangama-1243 abantu abasweleke abangama-251 basetyhini (ama-37%) kunye ne-172 amadoda (31%).
Inqanawa yemoto yawela kwi-steamer. Inqanawa yahamba phantsi kwamanzi kwimizuzu engama-7. Umphathi wakwazi ukulawula ukushiya inqanawa, kwaye iqela lenza kwakhona imitya embalwa yokuhlangula.
I-Ferry Crash Estonia, 1994
Kwabantu abangama-989 babulala abafazi abangama-959 (95%) kunye namadoda angama-393 (78%).
Unobangela wokusweleka kwe-Ferry ziimeko zemozulu ezimbi kunye nokungancedi kakuhle. Amanzi abandayo, uluhlu olunamandla, uninzi alunakufika kwidesika, alunakukwazi ukukhupha isikhephe, iirawthi ezinokutsha. Iintshukumo ezimbalwa ziyaziwa malunga nezenzo zeqela, uncedo lwavela, kodwa ezinye izinto ozikhethayo azange zenziwe.
I-hilippines risks inqanawa yenqanawa, 2008
Yabantu abangama-800 babulala abafazi abangama-320 (i-98%) kunye nama-471 amadoda (90%).
Inkosazana mhlawumbi yafa ngenxa ye-chaphoon. Abahlanguli bafika emva kweeyure ezingama-24, kunye nezikhephe kunye namadama yayizingxaki. Malunga nezenzo zeqela elincinci liyaziwa.
I-Bullgaria ye-Bulgaria ye-Bulgaria, 2011
Inqanawa yatshona ngesantya esiphezulu kwaye, ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwayo, iinqanawa ezimbini, eyokuqala ukuba nengozi, osindileyo ingancedi. Iinkcukacha-manani zinokuqikelelwa.
Uguqulelo kunye netekisi: i-pononovava elizabeth
Imithombo yefoto: Wikimedia Commons, Freekimi.ru
Isibhengezo: Ukuveliswa kwakhona kwepeyinti ye-I. A-Alivazovsky "Wamkelekile kwiNtaba ye-AthoS"