Julayi umhla we-17 we-Eqnolographer. I-shysinografi yesayensi ilungile kwimemori yokukhumbula abantu kwaye idla ngokuthintela ubulumko be-vedic kunye nemilambo yobisi ezibhankini, ime kancinci. I-Ethnography nge-metcrographings ekumlinganiso iphononongo kwaye isixelela ukuba abantu baphila njani ngokwesiko kwaye baphila njani, ngaphandle kokubulala iinkophe ezimnandi malunga neenkomfa zegolide endaweni yokuqhubela phambili.
Namhlanje sagqiba kwelokuba sikhumbule abahlanu kwaye sibaluleke ngenzululwazi ye-Ethnography (kakuhle, namhlanje kunokwenzeka kwisihloko!)
Olga Petrovna Semenova-Tian-Thanskaya
Umhambi waseRussia odumileyo kunye ne-geographir Peter Petrovich Semenova SEEAN-SHANSKY wayenonyana oneziyolo. Kodwa ukuya kufika kuqala (ekuguleni okungaphelelanga kokugula), akukho mntu wayesazi ukuba ukufa kwentombi yakhe ukuba ingenele imbali yesayensi.UOlga Petrovna wayehlala ubomi bentombi enyulu kwaye yayiyinto engaqhelekanga kakhulu. Wajikeleza iilali zaseRussia kwaye wakhokelela kwidayari yokuqapheleyo, echaza ubomi, amasiko, ubudlelwane phakathi kwabafana baseRussia ngokungxama kwaye banxibelelene nayo yonke into encinci.
Ezi zinto zibalulekileyo, zexabiso ezibalulekileyo zafunyanwa zapapashwa ngabahlobo bakhe, kwaye ilungelo lika-Olga Getrovna lafumana ubuqaqawuli bembali njengomphandi kunye nemvelaphi ye-Ethnofri yaseRussia.
Alice Fletcher
Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, ukuthandwa okungathethekiyo komsebenzi wenenekazi eligama linguAlice Fletcher kwakumangalisa. Ngokubanzi, ukungena kwabafazi kubafazi babe yi-nenography bavelisa i-Coups kwiSayensi, bonisa ukuba ifihliwe ekuzalweni kwabo umphandi - umntu: Iziko elinxulumana nezesondo, impilo, unyango, unyango, unyango ... Singatsho ukuba ngaphambi kokuba sinxibelelane nabafazi beentlanga ezahlukeneyo (zihlala zingenakwenzeka kumadoda angaphandle), uninzi lobomi babo bemihla ngemihla bahlala bengabonakali kwi-European.
UAlice waya kwiincoko ezingakumbi kunye nabameli bezizwe zaseIndiya (yayiyeyakhe owafundayo), kangangeminyaka emininzi wangena kwindawo yabo yobomi bemihla ngemihla, ngelixa uSiou wayehlala phakathi kwabameli besizwe sikaSiu. I-Fletcher ithathelwa ingqalelo umphandi wokuqala okwazile ukuchitha ixesha elinzulu kunye nokubona ixesha elide kubantu.
UMargaret phakathi.
Ibhinqa eliselula laseMelika lalidume ngokufundisisa izimilo zasePolynesian, zicinga, enyanisweni, isikhundla somphathi wakhe uFranz Aas. Ngokwethiyori yakhe, ukungahoyi kolutsha eYurophu naseMelika kwakunxulunyaniswa nokuphoxeka kwesondo, izithintelo kubantu abaselula kubomi bezesondo. Ngokuqwalaselwa kwenkonzo yeCandelo leMicimbi yezangaphandle kwiSamoa (imfutshane kunye neemitha), phakathi kwamaPolynesia, zazingekho zithintelo phakathi kwePolynesis, ngenxa yeengxabano ezizukulwaneni, zazingekho.Izifundo zalo zaziphikiswa kumashumi asibhozo, kodwa kubulungiseleli bamazwe angaphandle bakwazile ukufaka isandla ekufakweni kwe-ne-ithopsycyccyccyccyccogy, nangona babencinci baqhotyoshelwe kuluntu jikelele. Ngokweziphumo zophando olwenziwe ngakumbi, yabelwa iindlela ezintathu zokudluliselwa kolwazi phakathi kwezizukulwana: ukusuka kumdala ukuya koyena mdala, kumncinci ukuya kumncinci ukuya kwaba mdala, ekugqibeleni, phakathi koontanga.
Kunzima ukucinga, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba ibhekisele kwinto yokuba izikhombisi zangasemva, kwaye ukuba ukudluliselwa kolwazi akukabikho kwakudala ukuya kuthi ga kuncinci, emva koko kukhutshwa kwi Umthetho.
URutenetict.
Omnye wootitshala bobuThixo bamanye amazwe, uRute banetic, yi-Egend ye-Egends ye-Egends kunye ne-Anthropology.
Okokuqala, yayingulowo wayephuhlise kwaye wazisa indlela yesayensi yokufunda inkcubeko kumgama kwiimeko apho ungazicingeli kuyo (ababhali-mbali bakunceda kakhulu).
Okwesibini, wafunda ixesha elide ngakumbi kunezicaka zemveli zahlukile kolunye, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ngamnye ahlukane, kwaye angafaniyo, kwaye aphuhlise ngokwahlukileyo kwe-ethos, i-rod yenkcubeko efana ne-ottile Inkcubeko okanye ibolekwe kwenye impucuko.
I-I-I-IZ NORONIKOV
I-gypsies, enye yezona zinto zisasazeke kwaye zizinto ezinokude nezingasamileyo, kudala kwaye zihlala zibangela umdla, kodwa wayehlala bekude kakhulu ngenzululwazi. Babekhangela uqikelelo lwezinto zabo zothando nezimangalisayo okanye, ngokuchasene noko, uloyiko lwabo. Kude kube kutshanje, i-Tsyganov yayingekuko, ngaphandle kokuxhaphaza kwabantu, ulwalathiso olugulayo kakhulu kwi-nenography.
Olunye lophando olubalaseleyo lobomi, ukholelwa kunye ne-roma engaqhelekanga ye-folklore roma (ngokukodwa, iRussia) yayiyintombazana yaseSoviet Inga Andronikov. Wayekwiintsapho eziGypsy, ekwazile ukubamba ii-Nomads ekunxibeleni kwakhe kwaye ashiye iirekhodi ezininzi malunga nesixhobo sobomi be-nomadic ngaphambi kokuba atshabalale ngokupheleleyo.
Ngelishwa, iirekhodi zayo zafunyanwa kwaye zicwangcisiwe kakhulu kunokufa kwakhe. Bakhanyele iintsomi ezininzi ezidumileyo emhlabeni wonke ubomi bobomi kunye noluntu lwabantu abangamaGypsy kwaye wabhala ulwazi olunokuhamba ngonaphakade.
Umzekeliso: Pixabay.com.