Namhlanje, xa ufunda le mbhalo kwiscreen sekhompyuter okanye isixhobo esiselfowuni, kunzima ukucinga ukuba abantu baphila njani kwi-100 ukuya kwi-200 kwiminyaka eyadlulayo. Namhlanje, akunakwenzeka ukuba umntu angalala kwiqhina, hlamba iimpahla kanye ngeveki kwaye uphathwa emntwini ngaphandle kwemfundo yezonyango. Kunzima ukungenisa, ke umhlaba wethu wahluke kakhulu kuleyo apho ootatsona bethu abakhulu nabakhulu abakhulu bephila. Ke, yintoni eyayiqhelene nookhokho bethu, kwaye kubonakala ngathi ayinamkeleki kuthi.
1. Ukuhlamba iimpahla ngesandla
Nabani na obenosapho uya kuthetha into enye malunga nokuhlamba: ayipheli. Ukuba yonke into imbi ka-2018, kufanelekile ukuba icinge ukuba yayikukuhlanjwa ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20. Emva koko abantu bafudusele iipani ezinkulu ngamanzi, kwaye emva koko bahlambe zonke iimpahla ngoncedo lwebhodi yokuhlamba (oku kungcono) okanye bankqonkqoza ilitye lakhe.
Ngokusisiseko, uninzi lweentsapho lwacwangciswa kanye ngeveki, kwaye kuphela onokuyicingela indlela "abantu" ngelo xesha, banikwa ukuba abantu abaninzi babesebenza nzima. Umatshini wokuhlamba wombane wokuqala, ogama linguThor, wathengiswa yinkampani yomatshini we-chley eChicago ngo-1908. Kwaye ukusukela ngoko, ixesha lokuhlamba iimpahla ngesandla laqala ukuthoba ilanga.
2. Lala kwi-straw matress
Phambi kokuba imbonakalo yeebhedi ezithambileyo zale mihla, abantu balala ikakhulu kwimatrasi ngengca. Kumaxesha abungaphambi kwexesha, abantu abaqhelekileyo abanamathele kumatrasi, kuba iintsiba zazinzima ukufikelela kuzo, okanye kwakuyimfuneko ukufowunela inani leentsiba.
Kwangelo xesha, umququ kunye nengca kunye nengca zazingaqhelekanga naphi na, kwaye zikwazi ukubanakho nabani na. Ukongeza kwinto yokuba ingqokelela yaphukile, enye ingxaki ifunyenwe kunye nayo: I-bugs. Ezi zinambuzane zincinci ziluncedo zityhutyha iibhedi ebusuku kunye nabantu abahamba ngenyawo ababediniwe ngulosuku abangazange bavakalelwe.
3. Abantwana abathathe inxaxheba ngaphandle kwamaxwebhu
Ngexesha loomakhulu bethu, ukwamkelwa abe ngowakho kwakungalawulwa yimithetho. Kwakunjalo, kunoko, usapho okanye esidlangalaleni, kodwa akukho ngxaki isemthethweni. Abafazi abaninzi abaselula babesamba emfihlakalweni kwaye banika abantwana izalamane, abahlobo bosapho okanye amakhaya abantwana, ngaphandle kokugcwalisa nawaphi na amaphepha.
Okubangela umdla kukuba, e-US, le nkqubo ihleli ixhaphakile kuluntu lwabantu baseMelika be-AMORDOUR kunye no-1960. Amashumi asibhozo anesihlanu eepesenti abantwana baseMelika abathatyathwe kwiintsapho zabo ukusukela ngo-1941 ukuya ku-1967, bakhulela kwiintsapho ezingahambelani nezizwana zemveli. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, abanye babo abaqinisekanga ukuba babenjani abazali babo.
4. Ngaba oogqirha ngaphandle kwesikolo sokutyelela
Kwinkulungwane ye-XVIII Ikhulu Akukho khetho lukhetho oluninzi kakhulu lokufumana isidanga sonyango. Entshonalanga, bekunokwenzeka ukuba ukhethe izifundo e-Edinburgh, iSiden okanye iLondon, kodwa ayinakukwazi ukuba ngubani wonke umntu. Ngenxa yoko, uninzi lwabantu babagqirha besebenzisa inkqubo yokufunda.
Umfundi uchithe iminyaka emibini okanye emithathu ngengcali yokufumana umrhumo kwaye wenza ntoni bonke umsebenzi omdaka ngotitshala wakhe. Emva koko, wavunyelwa ukuba enze amayeza ngokuzimeleyo. Oku, ukuyibeka ngobumnene, ayifani na.
5. Thumela abantwana ukuba bangafundanga esikolweni, kodwa basebenze
Ngo-1900, iipesenti ezili-18 zabo bonke abasebenzi emhlabeni babengaphantsi kweminyaka eli-16, kwaye eli nani lalinyulwe kwiminyaka elandelayo.
Ngokwesiqhelo abazali bayala ukuthumela abantwana babo esikolweni (kuba besithetha iindleko), kwaye endaweni yoko wabathumela ukuba basebenze. Abantwana babengabasebenzi abafanelekileyo kwiindawo ezinjengemigodi okanye umzi-mveliso, apho babencinci ngokwaneleyo ukuba basebenze phakathi koomatshini okanye kumagumbi amancinci phantsi komhlaba. Abantwana benza umsebenzi omninzi onobungozi, odla ngokukhokelela kwizifo okanye ukufa.
6. Siqhubekile endleleni ngaphandle komda wesantya
Nangona ngo-1901 e-1901 kwi-chxonict yamkela umthetho wokunciphisa isantya sezithuthi ezihamba ngeenyawo (i-12 mph) kwiSixeko (i-15 mph) kwiindawo ezisemaphandleni, kwi-United States, abaqhubi besavunyelwe Khwela nakweyiphi na isantya.
Imithetho yokuqala yendlela yendlela yavela eNew York ngo-1903, kodwa izithintelo ngesantya azichaphazelekanga yonke indawo (umzekelo, kude kube sekupheleni kuka-1990s eMontana kwakungekho sithintelo sesantya ngexesha lasemini).
7. Utitshala uthetha lodwaly
Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane ye-XX, abafazi abatshatileyo babengavunyelwa ukuba babe ngabafundisi, kunye nabafazi nabantwana. Nokuba umfazi waba ngumhlolokazi, wayengavunyelwa ukuba abe ngumfundisi-ntsapho ukuze afumane izinto azenza abantwana. Lo msebenzi katitshala ufunyenwe kuphela kubafazi abangatshatanga ngaphandle kokuthathela ingqalelo inyani yokuba uninzi lwabafazi abatshatileyo kude kube nge-19 okanye abangama-20 ubudala, abanye ootitshala babesemncinci kakhulu. Ngo-1900, phantse iipesenti ezingama-75 zabafundisi-ntsapho, kwaye ukwenziwa kwabo kuphela yayikukufunda esikolweni.I-3 ayinazo iingcinga malunga nolutsha
Namhlanje kusenokubonakala kuyinto engaqhelekanga, kodwa kwi-Xix inkulungwane yamagama athi "umntwana okwishumi elivisayo akakho. Kwakukho abantwana, kwaye babebantu abadala, kwaye umntu wayethathwa njengenye. Kuphela nje kokuyilwa kwemoto kunye nokufunyanwa kweeyunivesithi zabantu abaneminyaka eli-13 ukuya kwele-19 ubudala ukwamkelwa njengeqela elahlukileyo. Endaweni yokutshata kubo abaneminyaka eli-15 ukuya kweli-12, abazali baqalisa ukuvumela abantwana babo ukuba "bakhule" ngakumbi kwaye banyamekele omnye komnye. Nangona kunjalo, ukuthanda ukuthembatha kwixesha elidlulileyo kwenzeka kuphela endlwini nobukho obuqhelekileyo babazali. Emva koko, xa iimoto zivela, ishumi eliseshumi elilula lazilungiselela nangakumbi, kwaye igumbi lazo laza laa namhlanje laziwa njengomhla.
11. Utywala phantsi kwesibonda
Ukususela ngo-1919 ukuya kwi-1933 eUnited States, ukuba umntu ufuna ukonwabela isiselo osithandayo emva kosuku olude nolunzima, akakwazanga ukuthenga ibhotile ye wayini okanye ukuya kwi-bar. Kumazwe ngeli xesha yayingumthetho owomileyo. Utywala baxelwa urhulumente ngaphandle komthetho ukuze 'bangaphathwa gadalala. "
Nangona kunjalo, enyanisweni, loo nto ivunyiweyo iguqukele abantu abaqhelekileyo kwizaphuli-mthetho, kwaye izaphuli-mthetho zisekrelekrele. Ukuveliswa kunye nokusasazwa kotywala ngokungekho mthethweni kube lishishini elinenzuzo kwimigulukudu ehleliweyo, ekhokelela ekukhuleni kwabo. Ukusetyenziswa okungekho mthethweni kotywala ngokungekho mthethweni kwathathwa njengento "ehlekisayo neby." Akumangalisi ukuba umthetho owomileyo uzicekisile ngokupheleleyo kwaye ekugqibeleni warhoxiswa nge-5 kaDisemba, 1933.
10. I-fached yintsapho yonke ebhedini enye
Ukuba umntu akanathamsanqa ukuze aphile kufutshane nomlambo, ubukhulu becala, wayengenamanzi, kwaye kubo bonke abantu kusapho yayikukuhlamba ebhafini enye, ukufumana amanzi kube kanye. Inkqubo yokuphatha yayikumyalelo othile: Ngokwesiqhelo intloko yokuqala yentsapho ihlanjwe, emva kwakhe, nayo yonke into. Ewe, yonke into iyinyani, umntwana omncinci wahlanjwa ngamanzi, apho babekho abantu abaliqela phambi kwakhe.