Kwiminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu eyadlulayo, xa umntu eqalisa ukukhangela umhlaba ongaphandle kweYurophu, ubungangamsha bamakhadi babuyekezwa bubuhle boyilo. Imida yayinemiqathango, kodwa imizobo emasimini inkulu. I-mermaids ihlaselwe kuLwandlekazi lwePasifiki, iinkamela ezenziwa eSiberia, kwaye iYurophu yayiboniswa ngukumkanikazi, entliziyweni ye-Bohemia, yaye eBohemia, nakuye i-MOSCOW. Ke umhlaba wawujonga kuColumbus. 1493, U-Admiral akazange abuyele eSpeyin okwangoku, kwaye ke akukho ndlela yasentshona eya eIndiya kwimephu. Kukho iArabia, e-India, into enjenge China, iAfrika, iintaba ze-Oral kunye ne-Etheya Yuroub. Gcina imephu ye-Puff, i-SIM kunye ne-ham, kunye nasemasimini - izizwana ze-Mytical, i-Monstanes engenamxhego kunye nezinye ii-monsti ezinee-on. Ngesizathu esithile, abafundi abakho. Kodwa ukuqala kwenkulungwane ye-16. IColumbus kunye nabalandeli bakhe babuya ngenkcukacha yesiqithi sase-Espanyola (iCuba) kunye nonxweme lwasempuma lwaseMelika (nangona kunjalo, kwaye amagama engakhange aze naleyo ke). Ulwamkelo oluthandayo lweekhathuni ze-antiquity - ukuchaza umhlaba njengentsomi. I-Asia inguPegasus. I-China ngumsila. Istanbul - Konskaya Nostril. Entshonalanga Indian kunye nePakistan - uyazi ukuba yintoni.
Ngapha koko, amakhadi ngendlela yokuphila ayengakwazi ukungazi. IYurophu ngokupheleleyo ikwanokubonakaliswa njengokumkanikazi. I-Spain-Corona (elona gunya linamandla le-16 - ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-17, ukuze yonke le nto ayilunganga, i-rushemia enye emilenzeni) - i-Czech emangalisayo ye-Czech.
Inani lolwazi lunyuke, i-bottography iyaphuhliswa, kwaye umhlaba uthatha i-lovels yanamhlanje. Le yeyona terrae edumileyo yase-Orbis, umhlaba we-mercator, omnye wabantyinti yekhathuni yanamhlanje, indoda eyathi, ngakumbi, yanika igama elithi "ATLAS". Ibala eliMhlophe kwindawo yeAntarctica, kusekho i-Australia, kodwa unxweme lwe-Meditera lwaselwandle luchazwa kakhulu. Endleleni, eYurophu yaseMeditera yakhangela "ukusuka" kunye "nokubuyela" kumaxesha amahlanu, nangona kunjalo, amakhadi aneempazamo ezihamba phantse ezimbini ze-Ptoley, ukusuka kwixesha likaPtolemy.
Imephu ye-Amelika Nicolaus visser 1658. Inkcazo echanekileyo yonxweme olusempuma kunye neSpanish South America, kodwa ngenxa yesizathu esithile seCalifonia sibonakaliswa ngendlela yesiqithi. Ngamanye amaxesha ufuna ukucinga ngayo: kwaye akunakuba nomdla ngakumbi ukuze uphile kwihlabathi elihambelana nala makhadi?
I-1651 unyaka. Imephu entsha neyechanekileyo yehlabathi 'iyaphinda iguqukele kwikhulu leminyaka ngaphambi kwekhadi likaMerctori. Phakathi kwezinye izinto, zine izinto, iiplanethi ze-Alchemical, imiqondiso ye-zodiac ngesandla, egcina inkqubo yelanga.
Ngapha koko, onke la makhadi amahle ayenemfundo engakumbi. Ukudada kwaye uhambe kwezinye ii-atses, ubuncinci kangako kwaye zineenkcukacha. Umzekelo, kule mephu yeRussia, i-Muscovy kunye ne-Tartaria ibonakalise ukuba kwenye indawo kumantla ee-Mnumzana emnyama neyaseCaspian, i-Tartian izizwe, i-Tartars, kunye neenkamela zazo. I-African Aden-Add-Africa, ngendlela, hayi i-asia ye-asia ye-asia ebhaka. Le yenye yeemephu zika-Abraham iOrel, yenye yezona jookraphers ezinkulu, abahambi kunye nabaqulunqwa ngexesha labo. EmaRussia, wayesazi okungaphaya kokuthintela i-Australia.
Uluhlu oluvela kwi-atlas yezixeko zehlabathi
I-chiciticates ye-orbis ye-orporum i-appch brown kunye neHorkerg. . I-Horizon icotwe, emantla ngesizathu esithile phantsi kwezantsi, kodwa singazi umzi awunakwenzeka. Embindini-iKremlin, empuma yakhe - udonga lwe-China-City, i-Belt yesixeko esimhlophe (i-boulevard ye-Boulevard yangoku) kunye ne-ring ye-roin. Ukudideka kancinane umlambo, ibopha i-kremlin kwaye ingena eMoscow. Olo lungekazalwa, nguSamok. Umfula wangeniswa kumbhobho ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-19. Kodwa kule mephu icacile ukuba ibhulorho yeKuznetsky kwaye enyanisweni yayikukuba yibhulorho. Umthombo wefoto: www.raremaps.com
