Namhlanje, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezindululo kumaziko onyango zibonakala zisasazeke. Kwaye wonke umntu uthembisa ulutsha olungapheliyo kunye nempilo entle. Kodwa ngenxa yenyani kufuneka kuthiwe i-Ecclap yayikukuphumla ngalo lonke ixesha. Kwiinkulungwane ezininzi ezidlulileyo, iindlela ezihlekisayo neziyothusayo zaye zanyanga ukuphiliswa kangangokuba zihlala zibulela kakhulu ukuba abantu basasindile.
1. I-Mercury yonyango lwe-syphilis
Njengoko uyazi, wonke umntu osemhlabeni, i-Mercury inetyhefu kakhulu kwaye akukho naziphi na iimeko kufuneka iwele emzimbeni. Namhlanje, abantu banoloyiko kukho inani elikhulu leentlanzi ngenxa yomxholo we-Mercury kuyo. Nangona kunjalo, bekungasoloko kunjalo, kwaye ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, i-Mercury yayisetyenziselwa ukuphatha i-syphilis. Abo balazi okuthile ngesi sifo abayi kumangaliswa kukufunda ukuba abantu bahlala bezama ukumnyanga nangayiphi na indlela. I-syphilis sisifo esoyikisayo esityayo esihlafunayo kwaye sibulala umntu ukuba akaphathwa.
Namhlanje, i-penicillin isetyenziswa, kodwa ukuqala ukusuka kwi-1300s, yayisetyenziselwa i-mercury. Uhlikitye ulusu, walawulwa ngaphakathi okanye wamkelwa ngaphakathi, kwaye yamkela kude kube phakathi kwenkulungwane yama-20, ngaphandle kwento yokuba i-Mercury ayizange incede. Into kuphela enokuthi iphikise i-Mercury incedile ukuba ixhele isigulana ngokukhawuleza, kwaye "Akazange Andekeke."
Le yinto efanayo nale meko, ukuba unyango lweentloko zentloko zinqumle intloko. Ekugqibeleni, kwangqineka kubo ukuba indibaniselwano ye-Mercury Chloride (i-calla) inceda ekunyangeni kwesi sifo, kodwa oku bekungaziwa de kube yi-1910, kwaye le complet iyingozi.
2. Lobototosy yonyango lwezifo zengqondo
Iingxaki zempilo yengqondo yindawo yezamayeza esandul 'ukuqalisa ukufundwa. Kwanaphakathi kwinkulungwane yama-20, abantu bavalelwa kumaziko akhethekileyo 'ukuba baphathe "ukuphazamiseka kwabo ngengqondo, kodwa bahlala bethetha nje" ukuba "basuse" aba bantu eluntwini. Ngapha koko, bebengazange baphathwe, ngokuchasene noko - abaninzi babephathwa gadalala batshutshisa njengonyango lombane.
Olunye ukhetho "Unyango" lokuphazamiseka kwezempilo kwezengqondo yayingelolobotomy. Lo msebenzi udume eUnited States ngo-1936, kwaye ngo-1949, ngo-1949, ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5000 imisebenzi yabaguli abalihlwempu iminyaka emine ebanjwe minyaka le. Inkqubo ibandakanya ukudalwa kwe-picking yentsimbi ende nge-yayboard phantsi kwe-anesthesia yendawo yokunciphisa ii-lobs zengqondo ezivela kwabanye. Kodwa utyando lwabangela ukuba ubuntu butshintshe kwaye banokwenza "phila imifuno" kuyo.
Nangona le nkqubo ithandwayo, nge-1970s yayiphantsi kokugxeka ngokubanzi kwaye yayinqatshelwe kakhulu. Kodwa le ndlela ikhohlakeleyo yakhokelela ekulimaleni kwengqondo engaphelelanga kumashumi amawaka ezigulana ezinokuthi ziphathwe nezinye, iindlela ezihlaselayo.
3. I-Arsenic ukunciphisa ubunzima
I-Arsenic namhlanje uninzi lwabantu lunxulunyaniswa netyhefu ye-rat, kwaye namhlanje kunzima ukucinga ukuba kukho ixesha apho abantu beyitya njengamacwecwe bokuphulukana nobunzima.
Emva kwi-1800s, abantu baseOstriya baqala ukongeza i-arsenic kwikofu njengendlela yokuphulukana nobunzima. Okokuqala, inani elincinci le-arsenic labekwa kwikomityi yekofu yasekuseni, emva koko yanyusa idosi kangangeeveki ezininzi de wavela urhudo. Emva koko, idosi yayincitshiswa ngokuthe ngcembe.
Ewe kunjalo, abantu baya kuncipha ubunzima, kodwa bazisola. Ubuqhetseba busasazeke ngohlobo lweetafile kwihlabathi liphela nge-1920s, kodwa kusenokwenzeka ukuba wayebulala uninzi lwabantu bonke emhlabeni (ukusuka kwi "Medical" Ayisiyiyo kuphela i-arsenic cations ukuba ife, ikwandisa umngcipheko womhlaza, nakwiidosi ezincinci.
4. Ukugqibela kwethuba lokutya
Kukho ukutya okuninzi okuhlekisayo kunye nobuqhetseba, kubandakanya ukutya kwiikuki, iklabishi, njl njl, kodwa bambalwa kubo ababebulele njengokubulaleka. " Emva ngo-1976, uGqr. URobert Lynn wayethengisa into awayeyibiza ngokuba "yithuba lokugqibela", enyanzelisa ukuba ekuphela kwendlela yokuhlala ethambile kwaye kwangaxeshanye usempilweni. Umbono kukuba akunyanzelekanga ukuba utye nantoni na, kodwa kuphela ukusebenzisa "i-tonic kuphela" yiLinna ngegama "prolinn".
Ingxaki malunga nokutya kukuba ayifuni ukwenzanga, kwaye kukho i-calories engaphantsi kwe-400 kwinxalenye ye "prolinna", encinci kakhulu, encinci kakhulu. "IProlinn" yayiquka ikakhulu i-collagen, eyayingabi ngaphezu kwe-hooves kunye nezikhumba zezilwanyana ezifunyenwe ekuxhelweni. Esi "isiselo" sokutya esivela kwiintsalela zezilwanyana zakhokelela ekufeni ngabantu abangama-30.
5. Izihlalo zokunciphisa umzimba
Namhlanje, indlela yokuzicekisayo yokuphulukana nobunzima iyathandwa, engakhuthazwanga ikhutshwe kwiRibt, -Ukufaka i-ribbon yombungu. Nangona ingqondo eqhelekileyo ibonisa ukuba olu luluvo olubi, abantu benza okufanayo kumaxesha eVictorian. Umbono ulula: Kufuneka uginye i-capsule equkethe iqanda lombungu we-ribbon, kwaye emva kweqanda kunye negugu lenziwe ngokupheleleyo, iya kutya ukutya umntu okusebenzisayo. Emva koko, ungatya, yonke into eya kufuna, kwaye ingalungiswa, kuba impethu iya 'itye "zonke iikhalori.
Inyani ayisiyonto imvula, kuba izilwanyana zinokubangela iingxaki zempilo. Namhlanje, impethu inokuba lula ukuyisusa, kodwa kwi-Xix inkulungwane engakhange ikwenze oku: ukuba i-cylinds enkulu yayiginye (eyayihlala ibulele kuphela impethu, kodwa kunye nenjongo ngabo njalo.
6. I-LSD yonyango lotywala
Utywala sesinye sezona zifo zinzulu, mihla le echaphazela izigidi zabantu, ke oko akumangalisi ukuba abantu baphendukele kwiindlela zonyango ezingaqhelekanga. Kubantu abaninzi abangafuniyo, okanye abakwazi ukuya kwiiseshini zonyango, kukho ... i-LSD. Emva phayaa ngo-1960, kwaqhutywa izifundo zokuchonga ukuba eli chiza lingathinteli umnqweno womntu otywala. Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zazingonwabi, kwaye kude kutsha nje bangahoywa. Kodwa ngo-2012, abaphandi babuyela kwidatha eqokelelweyo kwaye baqala ukufunda impembelelo yamachiza amaHanticinogenic kunyango lotywala.
Olu phononongo lubonise ukuba luyasebenza kangangeepesenti ezingama-59 labathathi-nxaxheba, ke, i-LSD ayinakukhetha ngokuqinisekileyo ukhetho olulungileyo. Umngcipheko wonyango nge-LSD unxulunyaniswa nesiphumo esinokubakho sengqondo, esaziwa ngabantu abaninzi: "Uhambo olubi". Ukusetyenziswa okungapheliyo kwe-LSDs kunye nezinye iziyobisi ezifana naye kunokukhokelela kwiingxaki zabantu abagula ngengqondo kunye nezinye iingxaki zempilo ezibalulekileyo.
7. Icuba le-icuba kunye nesisu esingaqhelekanga
Kwinkulungwane ye-Xviii, kukho inyathelo ... ukubetha umsi kwi-rectum yomntu ngendlela ye-enema yecuba. Olu qheliselo lwaphuhliswa ngesiseko senkqubo eyamkelweyo yezonyango eyamkelweyo kwi-1700s. Eyona nto isetyenziselwa i-tobacco Enema yayikukuhlaziywa kwabantu abasenzo. Kwakholelwa ukuba umsi uya kukhuthaza inkqubo yokuphefumla komntu ukuze afumaneke kwakhona, kunye noMsi otyholwayo 'wanceda ekuvani umntu. "
Ukuvuthelwa komsi yayingeyiyo kuphela into engaqhelekanga eyasetyenziswa ngabantu ngelo xesha. Ukongeza kumsi wecuba, abantu bahlala besebenzisa iinkolelo zekofu, kunye nesisu seoyile ukunyanga ukuqubuka. Ezona ziyingozi ze-enemas ukuba abantu bazama ukuyenza kukutyumza i-enemas. Babulawa, kuba utywala buthathe ngqo egazini kwaye abutshiswa sisibindi.
8. Igazi
Igazi yenye yezo zenzo zisasazwe ixesha elide, ezo zimangalisayo ukuba abantu basinda njengembono. Ngoku sele yaziwa ukuba le yeyona nto imbi kakhulu enokwenziwa kunye nesigulana, ukusihlutha iziqwenga zegazi. Nangona kunjalo, yayingacacanga "ogqirha" ukutyhubela iinkulungwane, baqhuba abaguli babo. Olu qhelaniso lwalusekwe kwinkohliso yokuba igazi linokungadaki "kwaye kufuneka lisuswe emzimbeni ukuze livumele ukuba anyange. Oku kunokubonakala kuhlekisa nomntu wenkulungwane ye-XXI, kodwa le ntshukumo yayisetyenziselwa iminyaka engama-2000.
Okubangela umdla kukuba, ukutsala igazi kunokuba luncedo kwezinye iimeko. Ukuba isetyenziselwe ukunyanga uxinzelelo, ke imvelaphi yenxalenye yegazi inokuququzelela iimpawu zoxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu. Phantse nakweliphi na elinye icala, kuphela elibuthathaka kwaye elinokwenzeka kuphela ukuba libulale isigulana ngosulelo (kufanelekile ukuba singalibali ukuba ngelo xesha bekungekho zihlobiso).
9. Syrer nge-heroin ekwenzeni ukukhohlela
Nje ukuba kube lixesha apho nabani na angaya kwikhemesti ekufuphi kwaye athenge isiraphu okukhohlisayo nge-heroin. Nangona ezi ntsuku zidlulile, zibonisa ngokugqibeleleyo indlela iinkqubo zonyango ezahlukileyo kwi-Xix kunye ne-XX yangaphambili yahlukile kwixesha langoku. I-Ibirmacer yaseJamani iKamermer iphatha inkohliso kunye nokubanda ebantwaneni ekupheleni kwe-1890s ngechiza elinechiza eline-aspirin kunye ne-heroin.
Olu qhelaniso lwaqhubeka de kwangowe-1912, xa iminyaka ingakhange ingaqhubeki ukuba izigulana "ziqokelele ukunganyamezeli" kwi-heroin, ngenxa yokuqalisa kwenani leziyobisi. Ingabonakala ngathi inyama kufuneka isuswe kuthengiswe, kodwa iqhubekile ithengiswa de ibe ngo-1924 kwiresiphi. Kwangokunjalo, i-cocaine yayisetyenziswa njenge-anesthetic, kwaye yayikukwanjalo ne-cola-cola kangangexesha elincinci kwinkulungwane ye-Xix.
10. I-radi ukusuka "iyonke"
Xa uMaria Curie kunye nomyeni wakhe i-pierre wafumana i-radium, yaba yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo kwi-Xix. UMarie kamva wasweleka i-asplaetiatia, ephuhliswe ngenxa yokuba wayevavanya le nto yonke imihla, kodwa kudala ngaphambi kokuba i-radaum yakhe ithathelwe ingqalelo ukuba iinkampani ezininzi zibandakanyiwe kuzo zonke iimveliso ezininzi. Ngequbuliso ngokwaneleyo, kwakholelwa ukuba i-radium yayinepropathi yezempilo.
Phambi kokuba iimpembelelo zemitha kwimitha ye-radiation kwiiseli zabantu zaqondwa ngokupheleleyo, inkampani yongeza i-radium ukuya kwizinyo, itshokholethi, amanzi ... nangayo yonke into ngokulandelelana. Oku kwaqhubeka nge-1930s. I-radii iqale ukusebenza kakhulu kwithole kunye nezibane zasebusuku ngenxa yokuba iqaqamba ebumnyameni, kwi-cosmetics, ekufudumeleni kunye neerejista. Kwakusetyenziselwa ukunyanga ukungabi namandla (nangona unyango olunjalo lwalucaphukisa ingxaki). Ngokubanzi, le nto isebenzayo yerediyo ihlala ihleli yobomi bemihla ngemihla iminyaka emininzi kwaye yanqanda kuphela ngo-1960.