I-Tomatilogy yindawo yanamhlanje yeyeza. Nangona eneneni wayesoloko ekho ngohlobo olunye okanye enye, kwixa elidlulileyo, ukuphathwa kwamazinyo kwakuhlala kuyinto engaqhelekanga kwaye akusoloko kusebenza. Umzekelo, ngaxeshanye iinwele zahluthwa zii-denttos, ngelinye ixesha i-tosthache yaphathwa ngeempuku ezifileyo. Nokuba imeko imnandi kangakanani, ezinye zeenkqubo ezingaqhelekanga, ezinje ngokusetyenziswa komchamo okhe wasebenza emlonyeni, nyani "wasebenza."
1 AmaRoma ama-1 amaRoma asebenzise umchamo ngomlomo
AmaRoma amandulo asebenzisa umchamo womntu kunye nezilwanyana njengolulwelo oluziinkozo. Kwakuyinto eqhelekileyo kwaye kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba amaRoma ayedla ngokushiya iimbiza kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke ukuze abantu abadlulayo babenokuhlala kubo. Urhulumente wayengaphumeleli ukusebenzisa ithuba lokufumana umvuzo kwaye aqalise kubaqokeleli berhafu kunye nabachasi bomchamo. Nangona kuvakala kukucekiseka, indlela ebomvu yomchamo yomlomo yayisebenza kakuhle.
Into yile yokuba umchamo uqulathe i-ammonia, isithako esisebenzayo esisetyenziswa kwiicowwezi zanamhlanje. Umzekelo, iirekhodi zembali ziye zasigcina into yokuba iRomana egama linguIgnatius yayimhlophe kangangokuba wancuma ngalo lonke ithuba. Imbongi egama linguMfo Valery Katjull idiniwe luncumo lwe-Ignatia, awabhala lo mbom, wamgweba. I-katirty ecekeceke yaphawula ukuba uEncmatiyo wancuma nangaphandle kwenkundla xa isigwebo sasingathandeki kummangalelwa, nangona wonke umntu ejikeleze kutyelelo. Ngokutsho kukaKattula, uncumo olugqithisileyo sisiphumo sesi sifo, kwaye wathi i-Egnato kufuneka iyeke uncumo, kuba "akukho nto inesidenge kunoncumo lobudenge."
Iincindi ezi-2 zenziwe kumazinyo okwenene
I-PROSTHESTES ZENGQONDO YENGQONDO yenziwa ngezinto zokufakelwa. Nangona kunjalo, kwiinkulungwane ezininzi ezadlulayo, iincindi zenziwa kumazinyo okwenene. Ngo-2016, abaphandi base-Italiya abaye bahlula ingcwaba eLucca, e-Itali, bafumana amazinyo ama-5, esenziwe ngamazinyo athile ahlukeneyo adityaniswe nomxube wegolide, isilivere nobhedu. Abaphandi bacebise ukuba i-Prosthes yenziwe phakathi kwe-XIV kunye ne-XVI yeenkulungwane.
Olo hlaselo lwalufumaneka ngaphambili eJiphutha, kwaye kuyaziwa ukuba ii-ETKSE zamandulo kunye namaRoma bazenza amahlakani avela emazinyweni abanye abantu. I-Prosteses ixhaphake kakhulu kwi-1400s. Abantu abahlwempuzekileyo bathengisa ngamazinyo abo kwabo bawadingayo. Amangcwaba abaphangi ahlala enza i-raids kumngcwabo wokuphambukisa amazinyo kwizidumbu. Ibango lamazinyo abantu likhule emva kwedabi legazi e-Waterloo nge-18 kaJuni, 1815. Abahlali, amajoni kunye nee-chapels bagqobhoze idabi, ekhupha onke amazinyo (ngaphandle kwemveli, kwaye bekunzima ukuyisusa kakhulu kuwo onke amajoni afileyo.
Emva koko, "ixhoba" lathunyelwa e-UK, apho bafumana khona imeko kuyo. Emva kwexesha, "amazinyo kaMaterloo" aqalisa ukubiza nawaphi na amazinyo kude kwintsalela yamajoni afileyo kwidabi. Oku kwenzeka kwiMfazwe yoTyelo-mkhosi kunye neMfazwe yamakhaya eUnited States. Ngaphandle kokuthandwa, i-Prosthesis kula mazinyo abantu azisoloko kulungile kuba zinokubola kwaye azihlali zilungele kakhulu ubukhulu.
3. Izinyo lakudala lamazinyo
Ibrashi yamazinyo yokuqala ivela phakathi kwe-3500 ne-3000. I-BC, xa amaJiphutha kunye nabantu baseBhabheli bacoca amazinyo ngamasebe atyhidiweyo ngamasebe. Okubangela umdla kukuba, amazinyo amaninzi aqanjwa malunga nenkulungwane ezimbini kwibrashi yamazinyo. Kukholelwa ukuba amaJiphutha amandulo enze i-toothpaste yokuqala malunga ne-5000 BC. AmaRoma amandulo, amaGrike, amaTshayina nabantu baseIndiya baphinda basebenzisa izinyo, kodwa emva koko kwakwenziwa oko "bakuphi." Yonke into ingene kwityala - ukusuka kwigobolondo elitshisiweyo ngaphambi kothuthu olusuka kwiindawo ezitshisiweyo.
Abantu abahlala kufutshane neentaba-mlilo zongezwa iPimo, kwaye amaGrike kunye namaRoma kwi-toothpaste axube umgubo wamathambo adidekileyo kunye neegobolondo. Kwi-1800s, izinyo eliqhelekileyo elinamaphandle anesepha, kwaye emva koko i-chark. I-Theap ihleli isebenza izinyo elisebenzayo de kube ngo-1945, xa ithathelwe indawo zizithako ezininzi, kubandakanya izithako zeSodium Lauryl Sulfle.
4. Abahangeli babedla ngokuba ngabagqirha bamazinyo
Kwiinkulungwane ezininzi, bekunokwenzeka ukuba uye kwi-haircut kungekuphela nje kwienwele, kodwa ukutshisa izinyo okanye wenze umsebenzi olula. Into kukuba iinwele zikwenza nemisebenzi yoogqirha bamazinyo kunye nonyango, kuba zihlala zinezixhobo ezibukhali eziyimfuneko kwimisebenzi kunye nokususwa kwamazinyo. Emva kwexesha, abahangeli baqala ukubizwa ngokuba ngugqirha we-hardsersser ukuze babhengeze ubugcisa babo (igama elithi "ugqirha wamazinyo" lavela kakhulu kamva). Ngokwemvelo, akukho mntu ukukhathalele ukuthintela intshabalalo yamazinyo, njengoko oogqirha bamazinyo benza namhlanje, kodwa basusa nje amazinyo atshabalalisayo.
5. Akukho mntu ucoca amazinyo amawaka eminyaka
Ukuba awuhlambulula amazinyo akho, le yenye yeendlela ezikhawulezayo zokuphulukana nazo. Ke ngoko, izazinzulu ezininzi ziyamangaliswa kukuba abantu banamazinyo amahle eminyaka eyadlulayo, nangona besenokwenzeka ukuba babengazicoci ubomi babo bonke. Kukholelwa ukuba ookhokho bethu bakwazile ukuba ngenxa yokutya kwabo. Batya iimveliso zendalo, ezingachazwanga ngaphandle kongezwa iikhemikhali kunye nezinto ezigciniweyo. Iimveliso zabo zazityebile kwiivithamini kunye nezondlo, ezihlala zisuswe namhlanje ngexesha lokuqhutywa. Ookhokho bethu batya ukutya okuninzi, abacotha amazinyo abo kwintsholongwane kunye neentsalela zokutya.
6. Amatywina anokuqhuma
Kumanqaku ogqirha wamazinyo kwi-Xix kwinkulungwane yasePennsylvania, kukho izingqinisiso kumatyala amathathu angaqhelekanga okuqhushumba ngexesha lomsebenzi wakhe. Isaziso sokuqala senzeka ngo-1817, xa izinyo lazo, xa kuvela izinyo lombingeleli. I-Inter. Ibandezeleke kwintlungu yamazinyo eqinileyo, eyabonakala ngathi ayinyamezeleki, emva kwempahla yezinyo ngequbuliso kwaye yaqhuma. Intlungu ngoko nangoko yanyamalala, kwaye umbingeleli walala. Ityala lesibini lisenzeka kwiminyaka eli-13 kamva, xa izinyo le-Nksk le-Lornitia ithile d. kuqhume emva kokuba enentlungu kakhulu ngeentsuku ezimbalwa. I-Nksk Anna P. nayo iqhume ngo-1855.
Ityala eligqithisileyo lenzekile ngo-1871, xa omnye ugqirha wamazinyo waxelwa kwi-masveth Ukuqhushumba kwakukhwankqe kakhulu ukuba ngelishwa lawela kwaye lanyibilika iintsuku ezininzi. Ezo ziganeko zingaqhelekanga zibhalisiwe kude kube nge-1920, emva koko bangabi saphela ngokungakhathali. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba ukuqhushumba kubangelwa zi-alloys ezisetyenziselwa amatywina ngelo xesha. Abagqirha bamazinyo kwangethuba badala ulwabelo, baxube izinyithi, njengokukhokela, isilivere kunye ne-tin. Ezi zinyithi zinokujoyina indlela yokuphendula kwaye yenze into ngaphakathi kwezinyo njengeseli ye-electrochemical, enyanisweni iyiguqulela ibe yibhetri encinci.
Kwakhona, imveliso yemveliso enjalo ihlala ihamba i-hydrogen, enandawo yokuhamba naphi na apho uqokelele nje izinyo. Abaphandi bakholelwa ukuba i-hydrogen iqhube emva kokuphendula kweetemikhali kwezinyithi zenze i-spark, okanye xa ukutshaya kwecuba. Nangona kunjalo, abanye abaphengululi bathandabuza le thiyori, kuba akukho bungqina bokuba abantu abachaphazelekayo banezalise kwezinyithi.
7. Amazinyo ajikelezayo athathwa njengefashoni eNgilani
Iswekile iye yaba yimveliso ethandwayo kwixesha labaguli, kodwa wayebiza kakhulu eNgilani, ngenxa yoko waba lilungelo elibalaseleyo lwezityebi. Abameli belona klasi liphezulu bongezwa iswekile kwimifuno, iziqhamo, amayeza kwaye phantse yonke into abayithathileyo. Ngenxa yoko, kungekudala abantu kungekudala baqala ukubandezeleka kwimithambo. Owona mzekelo unzima kakhulu nguKumkanikazi uElizabhete, owaziwa ngamazinyo akhe abolileyo.
Abameli bamanye amazwe baye bakhalaza nje ukuba intetho yakhe inzima ukuyiqonda, nangona kukho izityholo zokuba iingxaki ezinamazinyo ku-Elizabeth zinokugxothwa kuba isuswe izinyo elinye kuphela. Nokuba zimbi kangakanani, amazinyo kaElizabhete, amazinyo amnyama abolileyo aza aqhele into eqhelekileyo phakathi kwesityebi, esaguqulwa saba sisimo. Kungekudala kwabahlwempuzekileyo baqala ukuMbulali amazinyo abo ngokwabo, kuba babefuna ukuba abanye bazigqale abazityebi.
8. Amazinyo amnyama kwathathwa njengefashoni eJapan
Amazinyo amnyama ayefakwa kwifashoni kwaye ngaphandle kweBritane. Ngokungafaniyo ne-albion yenkungu, apho iswekile yayingunobangela, abantu bezinye iindawo zeAsia noMzantsi Meriser bawela amazinyo apeyintiweyo. Umbala wamazinyo wayeqhelekile kwiJapan yakudala, apho wabizwa ngokuba ngu "okturo". Ukuthandwa kuka-Ohguro kwafikelela kwi-hey yakhe ye-hey ephakathi kweenkulungwane ezilishumi elinambini.
Ingakumbi le ntshukumo ibiyinto eqhelekileyo phakathi kwee-Aristocrats ezithanda ukupeyinta ubuso babo emhlophe. Ubuso obumhlophe babujonga amazinyo abo babukeka betyheli, ngoko ke babapeyinta. I-Samurai nayo yapeyinta amazinyo ayo ukubonisa ukunyaniseka kwabo kumnini wabo. Ngokwesiqhelo wasebenzisa umxube wedayini emnyama, ababesela abantu ngeentsuku ezininzi. Umxube wawukrakra, ke iziqholo bezihlala zongezwa ekuphuculeni incasa. Ukuziqhelanisa kwakuthathwa nje kweklasi esezantsi. U-Ohaguuro wavalwa ngo-1870 ngexesha lohlengahlengiso, ngoncedo lweJapan eyayizama ukwenza isizwe sanamhlanje.
9. Iimpuku ezifileyo zonyango lwentlungu yamazinyo
Intlungu yamazinyo ngokuqinisekileyo yenye yezona stres zingathandekiyo, kwaye abantu babandezeleka kubo basusela kwakudala. AmaYiputa amandulo asebenzisa iimpuku ezifileyo ngonyango lwentlungu yamazinyo. Bayityumza imouse kwaye bayilinganisa inyama kunye nezithako ezininzi. Isisombululo esinemiphumo sasetyenziswa kwisigulana. Kwi "Elizabetan" Elitain, apho, njengoko sele kwaziwe, abantu abaninzi babeneengxaki ngamazinyo, iimpuku ezifileyo zaqwalaselwa ngamayeza angummangaliso. Babesetyenziselwa ukuphatha izifo ezininzi, kuquka ukukhwehlela, i-OSPI kunye nobusuku bokungakhathali. Kwaye xa kwakungekho nto yokunyanga, imouse ihambile ukuzalisa iipine.
10. I-Delican yamazinyo.
I-Delican ebizwa ngokuba "yiDelican yamazinyo" sisixhobo esingasempilweni, ngethamsanqa, ayisetyenziswa namhlanje kwiikhabhathi zamazinyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo kwakubuhlungu kakhulu kwaye kudla ngokukhokelela ekonakaleni kwiintsini kunye namazinyo angabamelwane. Izigulana zihlala "zifunyenwe kwi-actment" kwizatho ezikude zophako olunesono kunye nokuhlelelwa okuvinjwe amathuba. I-Delican yamazinyo ifumene igama layo ngenxa yenyani yokuba kancinci ekhumbuza kakhulu i-Belican. Yakhiwa kwi-1300s kwaye ithathelwa ingqalelo enye yezixhobo zokuqala zokususa amazinyo. Njengoko sele kukhankanyiwe, abaninibi abaziinwele abasetyenzisiweyo. Ngelishwa, abaguli babengenakukhetha kodwa banyamezele i-pelican kwaye babeka emngciphekweni wokwenzakala okuthe kratya, kuba yayikuphela kwendlela yokususa izinyo elitshabalalisayo.