Ludwig Wittgenenstein, mumwe wevazivi ane simba kwazvo ezana ramakore rechi 20, ave achishandira mudzidzisi wekumaruwa muchikoro chekutanga kwemakore matanhatu. Ichi chiitiko chisina kungokanganisa uzivi wake, asi zvakare wakaratidza kuti munhu ane huchenjeri hwakaipa anogona kuve mudzidzisi akanaka.
Rini muna 1919, Wittgenstein akasarudza kuve mudzidzisi wekumaruwa, hanzvadzi yake Hermina akadaro "pfungwa dzayo dzidziso yechiHiripi, semudzidzisi wepamba anodzidziswa, zvakaita kuti vaone mabhokisi emapuranga sechishandiso chehuni."
Panguva ino, Ludwig yatopfuura nehondo yenyika yekutanga uye yakanyora "tsika yake yehunhu, - chinyorwa, pasina izvo zvisingagone kufungidzira kukura kwehuwandu hwehurumende yezana ramakore rechigumi.
Mu "nhungamiro-yehunyanzvi chiratidzo chekuti" miganhu yemutauro unoreva miganho yenyika ": zvese izvo zvisingakwanisi kutaurwa mumutauro wezvinhu zverudzi rwechokwadi" mamiriro ezvinhu zvakare zvakafanana uye izvo "- tavtology kana kusavimbika. Saka theisis "izvo zvisingagone kutaura, nezveizvozvo zvinofanirwa kunyarara." Semuenzaniso, tsika hadzigone kutsanangurwa kana kururamiswa: chokwadi chehunhu hachiratidzwe - kungoratidza chete.
Kurapa, zvisinei, kwainge kusati kwabudiswa, asi munhu wese (kunyanya, mudzidzisi wake Berran Russell) zvaive pachena kuti kwaive nemunhu akasarudzika kugona.
Kwete whim uye pfungwa
Vakagutsikana Tolstovist, Wittgenstein vakatevera pfungwa dzeAbscetic: Nhaka Hombe, iyo yakanunurwa kubva kuna baba vake - Steel magnate - akayambuka hama kana kuti akayambutsa hama. Hupenyu hwake hwese hwaaiedza kuzvigadzirisa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira muchokwadi kuti ane hanya nenyaradzo yake, kuti asingataure zvakanaka.
Uyezve, danho rake, sezviri pachena, rakapesvedzera shanduko yechikoro, iyo yakatanga kuAustria panguva ino.
Kana humambo hweHabburgs vakaisa vanotya Mwari uye vanotya, asi vasingabatanidze burgers, ipapo nyika itsva yedemocratic yaidikanwa nevagari vanogona kufunga nekuzvimiririra. Kunyangwe wwtgenstein uye akaseka pane dzimwe shanduko dzekuchinja, akabata zvinzvimbo zvake zvikuru zvakanyanya.
Mhoro, musha!
Muchikoro, wittgenstein akadzidzisa zvese - kubva pamasvomhu kuti vadhonje uye nesainzi yakasikwa. Imwe yemisimboti yemaitiro matsva yaive yakabatanidzwa kudzidziswa: Musoro wega wega unofanirwa kuve neimwe nzira uchienderana neimwe.
Zuva rinowanzotanga kumaawa maviri ezvemasvomhu, izvo vamwe vadzidzi vakazorangarirwa nekutya. Vana vanegumi vane makore gumi vaifanira kufungidzira mamiriro akaoma ealgex, ayo zvino anodzidziswa chete muzvikoro zvepamusoro, uye kwete nguva dzose.
Nekirasi, akaenda kumawere kune maguta ari pedyo - Vienna naGloggnitz - kwaakarasa kuita vana makomo ezvinyorwa, masangano akasiyana siyana uye mafambiro akasarudzika, akatsanangura mitemo yefizikiki. Vari munzira kudzoka, vachiita nzira kuburikidza nedondo, vadzidzi vakaunganidza masampuli ematombo nezvirimwa. Zvese zvavaigona kutoziva zvikamu zvechikoro zvakatsanangurwa pane chaiwo mienzaniso: ruzivo uye kutarisisa zvakagamuchirwa nevana muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva hupenyu hwekudzidza.
Vadzidzi vazhinji vakaAdhira varoyi, kunyangwe aive mudzidzisi wekutya uye anonyanya kuda kuita mudzidzisi. Nevanhu vanokwanisa kwazvo, aigara achinonoka, izvo zvakaita kuti vabereki vave vanonetsekana: Vakafungidzira kuti anoda kutendera vana kubva pakurima uye kutama muguta.
Wittgenstein chaizvo akaedza kutumira vamwe vadzidzi muVienna mushure mekupedza kudzidza, vachisimbirira kuti "vagamuchira dzidzo, ivo uye vanopinda vachanzwira tsitsi." Asi haana kubudirira mune izvi. Kazhinji, nevabereki nevamwe vadzidzisi kuWittgenenstein, hukama hadzina kutora chimiro:
Ndichiri muTrattenbach, uye kutenderera, semazuva ese, basa rinotongawo. Ini ndinonzwisisa kuti kune iyo yakawanda chikamu, vanhu vakashamisika kwese kwese, asi pano vakanyanya kutaurwa uye vasina hanya kupfuura chero kupi.
Uye hazvisi zvese zvaive zvakanaka nevana: Witgenstein akakurumidza-anokurumidza kutsamwa uye anowanzoshandiswa kwavari noutsinye. Pasinei nemitemo yepamberi yekudzidza, kurova vana netambo saka kuchiri mune zvekurongeka kwezvinhu. Asi Wittgenenstein, sezviri pachena, akapfuura mamwe miganhu: Akatanga kusimba mumuviri, kuranga kwete chete maitiro akaipa chete, asiwo kunyepa (iye akatadza kumira kuti ave nehasha, akakwenenzverwa, akakwenenzverwa bvudzi mudzidzi kurovera.
Mukupedzisira, chiitiko chakaitika, icho chakamanikidza victgenstein kuti vasiye post yeMudzidzisi: Mushure mekupwanyika kwakawanda pamusoro, mumwe wevadzidzi vake akarasikirwa nekuziva. Wittgenstein akabva abuda chikoro uye gare gare akakwezva kudare. Dare rakamururamisa, asi makore gumi gare gare, Ludwig pachake akauya kune vaimbova vadzidzi vake kuti vakumbire ruregerero nekuda kwehunhu hwake hutsinye.
Varimi vaakaona vari mumisha havana kukodzera iyo tolsvsovsky zvibodzwa - ivo vakazoita simbe uye vakatetepa nevanhu vane marara ekufunga uye kutarisirwa. Zvakare muvana, zvinoita sekunge kushayikwa kuchena, pachena uye kujeka kwekufunga. Izvi haana kukanganwira kana mumwe.
Gumi uye vadzidzi
Anosimudzira chero yeNasi mushure meizvozvo, nguva yakawedzera nzvimbo. Kunonzwika uchipopotedzana uye ruzha - kutsamwa kunotyisa! -Ichokwadi ndechekuti kodzero, uye inofara nenyaya yekuti kodzero ...
Kana Wwtgenstein akabvunza mibvunzo, angangodaro ari pachavo - vamwe vakatambudza nekunetseka mupfungwa dzake, uye pane mafungiro emumwe munhu sechinhu chekutsoropodzwa - kana kuti chisipo zvachose.
Vazhinji vakaora mwoyo kuti vaite muuzivi, vachifunga nezve nguva yekushandisa basa: Vamwe vadzidzi pane zano rake vakatoenda kunoshanda kufekitori. Basa renyama, vakataura varoyi, vanobatsira kuuropi uye kusimudzira hunhu, uye vaziviriri vanoitwa pseudodduble, iyo ichokwadi usamire chero chinhu.
Zvinoita kunge aive schizophrenic
Mu "zvidzidzo zvehunyanzvi", yechipiri yakakomba basa reWittgenstein, iyo yakabudiswa muna 1953, vazhinji vanowana miti yedzidziso yake yekudzidzisa: maitiro ekudzidzisa, kuyedza kwakawanda uye mienzaniso yehupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kubva pakafunzwa nemutauro weSainzi uyo aigona kutsanangura chokwadi, Wittgenstein akatamira ku "uzivi hwemutauro chaiwo" - kuti vanhu vanonakidzwa nekutaura sei.
"Hupenyu wakajairika" hwaive husipo kwaari - zvese zvaive zvava chikonzero chekutsvaga nekufungisisa. Iyo yakapoteredzwa yaive yakaoma kwazvo kurarama pedyo nemunhu akadaro:
Kukurukurirana kwega kwega neWittgenstein kwaiita kunge zuva rakaipisisa yedare. Zvaityisa. Izwi rega rega, kufunga kwega kwega kwaifanira kubviswa, kubvunzwa uye kuyedza chokwadi. Uye haina hanya chete uzivi, asi zvakare hupenyu hwese.
Wittgenstein, sezviri pachena, akatambura hupenyu hwake hwese kubva simbe schizophrenia, uye zvino zvaizoda kutombogadzikana kuchikoro.
Utsinye uye achizvidira ivo, anogona kuve anokurudzira uye anofemerwa, aigona kuisa kutanga kwemafambiro matsva ehunyanzvi uye kukanganisa kukura kwese kweruzivo rwevanhu, asi iye aive asina mudzidzisi akanaka. Vhoti yemicho nolens mudzidzisi anofanira kuzviparadzanisa kubva kubasa rayo, kune zvakawanda zvinoenderana nenzira yemari uye kwete kudikanwa kubva kune vamwe zvakawandisa.
Wittgenenstein, uyo akanziwo sampu yeNjere panguva yehupenyu hwake, akaisa zvizere uye akangotadza.
Yakatumirwa na: Oleg Bocarnikishimmer Chinyorwa: NewTonew