VaSweden vanoongorora Mikael Elyinder naOscar Erickson vakasarudza kutarisa kuti kutonga kwakashanduka sei nokununura pamusoro pe "vakadzi nevana pakutanga." Ivo vakadzidza huwandu hwemagarava gumi nematanhatu dzakaitika mumakore mazana matatu ekupedzisira, uye vakagutsikana kuti zvakashanda, kuiisa zvinyoro-nyoro, kwete zvakanyanyisa.
Kutanga, zvakazoitika kuti vatungamiriri uye timu vakaponeswa kazhinji kupfuura vafambi. Zvadaro, vanobva zviuru gumi nezvisere vakafa muzviitiko izvi 18, chete 17% yevakadzi vakaponeswa, uye 34.5% yevarume! Piccs.ruc u u uudze chikonzero nei zvakaitika.Rufu rweBirkenhead, 1852
Pavana vanhu 556 vakafa 365, uye vaive vanhu vese. 7 Vakadzi uye vana gumi nevaviri vakaponeswa.
Iyo inopenya inotakura mauto eBritish kuSouth Africa uye yakasvetukira kune Dombo reSpuritiff haina kusarudzwa pamepu. Mumwe mukuru mukuru akaraira mauto kuvaka uye kusvetuka vakadzi vashoma nevana kutanga (zvaive pachena kuti zvikepe zvacho hazvizokwanire kune wese munhu). Varwi vakachengeta hurongwa kusvikira chikepe chakanyura, uye ndokuedza kusvika kumahombekombe. Pasina nguva isati yasvika 1.5-2 mamaira, uye mvura yemahombekombe yakatemwa shark. Zvinotendwa kuti iyi nyaya inokudzwa yakaratidza kutanga kwekodhi iyo vakadzi nevana vekutanga.
Pasenger Steamer Arctic anoenda kuzasi, 1854
268 Vanhu vakafa, pakati pavo vakadzi makumi matanhatu nevaviri (izvo, zvinhu zvese zvakabatana zvachose) uye varume 165 (anenge 80%).
Chikepe cheAmerican chakatarisana neiyo fog ine French West Steamer. Kapteni, kusvikira pakupedzisira, akaedza kuponesa vakadzi nevana, vasina vanopfuura, kana chikamu chechikwata chakabvumidzwa kugwa. Akasvibiswa vanhu vakabvisa matanda ese, uye nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwedu takaburukira mumvura kuti vatore chimwe chikamu chevanhu. Vakadzi vasara vari mukati mavo vakatanga kugovera madenderedzwa, ngarava yakazopinda mumvura, uye vese vakafa. Paive nemakiromita anenge makumi maviri kumahombekombe, uye tembiricha yemvura ingangoita mamirigi manomwe.
Vhiri jira reGoridhe reGoridhe, 1862. Moto nemvura
184 Vanhu vakafa, iyo vakadzi makumi maviri neshanu (64% yevakadzi vese) uye varume gumi nemashanu (50%).
Iyi nyaya inozivikanwa, kunyanya, nekuda kwekuti pamwe nengarava yakanyura mutakura wegoridhe, iyo yakazowana. Asi vakanyura vanga vasiri nyore. Moto wakatanga pachikepe. Mutungamiriri akachengetedza ngarava kusvika kumahombekombe, uye mvura yakanga ichidziya, asi, mwaka wemoto, iyo moto wakaparadza zvimwe zvezvikepe, uye dhihosi yekumusoro yakawa.
Crackper Northflit castle, 1873
Pamakore makumi matatu nemasere akafa 74 vakadzi (96%) uye 213 varume (73%).
Murima rehusiku, yakamiswa naAnkore, ngarava yeChirungu yechikepe yakamirwa iyo Spanish Steamer Murillo. Norflit yakanyura kwehafu yeawa. Kaputeni akaedza kuona kuponeswa kwevakadzi nevana uye akatopfura gumbo kumunhu aive atyora rairo yake. Akakwanisa kuponesa mukadzi wake nenzira iyi, asi zvikepe zvakasuwa uye zvakanga zvishoma nguva. Chikamu chevafambi chakaponeswa nekuda kwesimba rakakura remuviri: Vakakwira pamamita, uye ivo vakanwa vanovapunyukunurwa kubva kune dzimwe ngarava.
"Chikwata chacho chisina kumbopihwa zvikepe zviviri zvinodyara nevakadzi nevana, senyama, varume vakamhanyira kubva kumatare. Pakanga paine zvakawanda zvavo ... zvikepe zvevanhu vakazara, vakakurumidza kuenda kubhodhi, vakaenda kuzasi, uye vanenge vese vaive mukati mavo vakaurayiwa mumvura ine ice. "
Kudonha kweAtlantic, 1873
Yevanhu vane makore 868 vakafa vakadzi 235 (zvese, kunyangwe pikicha) uye makumi matatu nemakumi matatu muzana).
Nekuda kwekutadza kwekufambisa, ngarava yeChirungu yakamhanyisa kuzvipenga. Zvikepe zverutivi rworuboshwe wakashambwa nemvura ine ice. Vanhu vakarwira vakasara, vazhinji vasati vasvika vasinganzwisisi zvikwata muChirungu. Chikepe chakatyoka, uye chikafu, kwaive nemakabhi emakabhi aive kune vakadzi vasina kuroora uye mhuri, akanyangarika pasi pemvura. Chikwata chine tambo vakakwanisa kusvika kumahombekombe, uye vamwe vanhu vaive nesimba rakakwana kubuda, kubata tambo.
Thames Dambudziko - Steamer Princess Alice, 1878
Of 837 vanhu vakauraya 403 vakadzi (88%) uye varume 294 (78%).
Kutumira rwizi chete zvinoita sezvakawanda zvakachengeteka. Mhosva iyi yaive muzhizha, mimhanzi yakaramba muchikepe chekunyepedzera, vazhinji vevakapfuura - vakadzi nevana. Kamwe kamwe, steamer yakanangana neCoalsel Baywell castle (inofungidzirwa kuti kaputeni Alice aive nemhosva). Iyo inorema coil yakambotema iyo steamer muhafu. Princess potted mumaminitsi mana. Mumazuva iwayo, vanhu vashoma vaiziva kushambira, kwanga kwanga kwasviba, hongu vakadzi zvakare vanonyara zvipfeko zvesimba. Mumvura yakasviba, iyo thames akafa vanhu mazana matanhatu nemakumi matanhatu nenomwe.
Norwegian Pasenger Steamer Turge, 1904
Pane bhodhi 795 vanhu. 336 Vakadzi vakafa (90%) uye varume 299 (71%).
Ngarava yakaonekwa padanho repasi pemvura. Akagara achienda kumaminetsi makumi maviri, kutya kwaive pakati nepakati, kunyangwe zvikwata zvevatorwa zvisina kunyatsonzwisiswa mumitauro ye scandinavia (vatorwa uye vaive vakaderera pane, semhedzisiro). Kapteni uye timu zvimwe kana kushoma akakwanisa kuongorora vanhu pamabhoti. Pamhenderekedzo uye rubatsiro rwaive kure kwazvo. Saka chete avo vaive nenzvimbo yakakwana mumabhodhi vakapunyuka.
Inozivikanwa Titanic, 1912
Yevanhu vane 2208 vakauraya vakadzi 130 (27%) uye 1366 varume (79%).
Iyi nyaya yaive zvakare neiyo nhamba yekusarudzika. Mutungamiriri weTitanic akatyisidzira kupfura avo vanodzivirira vakadzi nevana kuti vagare ngoro dzekununura (pamwe uchiziva kuti hazvina kukwana munhu wese). Uye, nenzira, iye amene akafa ngarava.
Canadian Liner Empress Ireland, 1914
Yevanhu vane 1448 vakauraya vakadzi 354 (99%) uye 629 varume (60%).
Nekuda kwekusanzwisisana kwemamiriro ezvinhu nemakurukota mune iyo fog mune liner, ngarava yekutakura yeNorway yakarova. Zvakaitika usiku, uye chikepe chakanyura kwemaminitsi gumi nemana. Vapfuuri vakarara mumabati epazasi mafashama, chikamu chezvikepe zvakashambwa. Nezve kumwe kuedza kwakakosha kuponesa vakadzi nevana hazvingazivikanwe. Uyo aive nesimba uye aine rombo rakanaka, iwo akaponeswa.
Rufu rwaLusitania, 1915. Mvura neGerman
Yevanhu 1958 vakafa Vakadzi 326 (63%) uye 864 varume (60%).
Ngarava yakanga iri Torpedid nevaGerman. Akanyura nekukurumidza, uye kutangisa muchikepe kwakaoma neidi kuti akaramba achifamba, uye zvikepe zvakaputswa nezvake. Mukuwedzera, vamwe vanhu vanodhonza muchamupupuri, chakamuka kubva mumvura yengarava.
Nheyo dzeItaly Mafalda Liner, 1927
Of 1186 vanhu vakauraya vakadzi 68 (27%) uye 241 varume (26%).
Ngarava yakanga yatanga mumamiriro asina kunaka. Paakaenda kure mugungwa, banga rake rekutsvagisa rakaputswa, kuputsa kwakaumbwa. Anonunura mashandiro akarongwa zvakashata, vafambi vakatyorwa, uye timu, kunyanya vakazviponesa.
Zvakaipa Nevachendadzi, 1929
Yevanhu vanosvika makumi matatu nemakumi matatu vakafa vane 31 vakadzi (76%) uye 94 varume (35%).
Ruzha nekuda kwekukanganisa mune manejimendi. Chikepe chakawana mvura kwenguva yakareba kwazvo, asi Kapteni Midril, achigadzira danho. Pakupedzisira, basa rekununura rakatanga, vakadzi nevana vakagara zvakanaka muchikepe. Asi vaviri vacho vakatendeuka mukati meimba, uye mumwe akapwanya danda pakarepo.
Nightmare Liner Morro castle, 1934
Pamakore makumi matanhatu nemaviri akauraya vakadzi makumi mashanu (25%) uye 80 varume (23%).
Mukuru wechikepe akazviuraya. Pasina nguva usiku mumwe munhu akaisa moto kuraibhurari yechikepe. Chikwata uye chakatsiviwa Captain Mubatsiri webasa wakarongeka. Ngarava inotakurwa nekumhanya kwakanyanya nekuchinja kosi iyi, ichitendeuka kuita pombi yemoto. Vafambi vakaedza kudzima vega. Yakaponeswa, nhengo dzechikwata kazhinji. Gamba reiyi ngarava rakanga riri redhiyo redhiyo redharo, avo vakakwanisa kuendesa sosi kubva pakupedzisira kuedza. Uye mumakore 19 chete gare gare zvakaitika kuti akaisa muchetura kaputeni uye akaisa moto wezeve.
Kunyudzwa kweiyo Chirungu Search Car Fleet Princess Victoria, 1953
Yevanhu vane 179 vakafa vasere 31 vakadzi (zvese) uye 104 varume (71%).
Munguva yedutu, iyo gedhi reAft, uye ngarava yakashamiswa nemvura. Chikepe chakanyarara kwenguva refu, asi matare avo akauya kuzonunura haakwanise kuiwani munzira chero ipi zvayo. Mamiriro acho ezvinhu kakawanda, kana vakadzi nevana zvavakasimwa muchikepe chimwe, uye change chichitaurwa chamairi. Zvimwe zvikepe zvevamwe hazvina kunyatsobuda.
Soviet Dambudziko. Steamer Admiral Nakhimov, 1986
Of 1243 vanhu vakafa 251 vakadzi (37%) uye 172 varume (31%).
Chikepe chinotakura chinotakura chakapinda mumubhedha. Ngarava yakaenda pasi pemvura mumaminitsi manomwe. Kaputeni akachengetedza chete kuti agone kusiya chikepe, uye timu ndeyokugadzirisa zvikepe zvishoma zvekununura.
Ferry Crash Estonia, 1994
Yevanhu vane 989 vakauraya vakadzi 459 (95%) uye 393 varume (78%).
Iko kukonzera kwekufa kwechikepe imamiriro ekunze akaipa mamiriro ekunze uye zvakashata zvinovaka. Mvura inotonhora, rondedzero yakasimba, vazhinji vakatadza kusvika padanho, vakatadza kudhonza chikepe, chete mabhuru emarara. Zviitiko zvishoma zvinozivikanwa nezve zviito zvechikwata, rubatsiro rwakazoitika, asi zvimwe zvido zvakakosha hazvina kuitwa.
Filipino Princess Starcess Shabha, 2008
Yevanhu 800 vakauraya vakadzi 320 (98%) uye 471 varume (90%).
Mambokadzi aingofa nekuda kweTyphoon. Vanonunura vakasvika mushure memaawa makumi maviri nemana, nezvikwiriso uye madamu aive nematambudziko. Nezve zviito zvechikwata zvishoma zvinozivikanwa.
Russian Motor Ship Bulgaria, 2011
Chikepe chakanyura pakumhanya kwakanyanya uye, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvisingazivikanwe, ngarava mbiri, yekutanga kuve neyekupaza, iyo yakapona haina kubatsira. Statistics inofungidzirwa.
Dudziro uye zvinyorwa: PONOMareva Elizabeth
Sururce photo: Wikimedia makomendi, leakari.ru
Chiziviso: Kuberekerwa kwePendi yeI. Aivazovsky "Kugamuchirwa muThos Mountain"