Chikunguru 17 - Ethnogralia zuva. Sayenzi yetsva yakanaka mukurangarira kwekupfupika kwevanhu uye vanowanzogadzira huchenjeri hwechokwadi uye nzizi dzinonakidza nemabhangi akaomeswa, zvinomiririra zvishoma zvisingaonekwe zvekare. Ethnography ane musina metsicuesness anotarisa uye anotiudza kuti vanhu vane tsika sei uye vairarama, vasina kupa vanhu kuti vatinakire pamusoro pemafungiro egoridhe pane kuenda kumberi.
Nhasi takasarudza kuyeuka mashanu akadzika uye akakosha ssainzi yemukadzi ehutsitsi (zvakanaka, nhasi zvinogoneka mumusoro!)
Olga Prrovna Semenova-Tian-Shanskaya
Mufambi weRussia anozivikanwa uye Geopher Peter Petrovich Semeneva Tyan-Shanky aive nemwanakomana mina akagwinya. Asi kune vekutanga (vasina kukwana makumi mana echirwere), hapana aiziva kufa kwemwanasikana wake kuti aizopinda munhoroondo yesainzi.Olga Prrovna akararama hupenyu hwemhandara yekare uye aive aine hukama husina kujairika. Akatenderera misha yeRussia uye akatungamira diary yekucherechedza, achitsanangura hupenyu, tsika, hukama pakati pevaranda veRussia zvakanyanyisa uye nenzira yezvidzidzo zvese.
Aya magwaro akasarudzika, anokosha akawanikwa uye akabudiswa neshamwari dzake, uye Olga ga Petrovna kurudyi anowana nhoroondo yake seyenyesera uye imwe yemavambo eExturner.
Alice Fletcher
Pakupera kwezana ramakore regumi nemapfumbamwe, mukurumbira unoshamisa webasa romukadzi anonzi Alice Fletcher aive asinganzwisisike. Kazhinji, kupinzwa kwevakadzi muExnography kwakaburitsa kakawanda musainzi, kuratidzira kuti zvakavanzika sei kubva mukutsvaga kwemaziso - murume, hupenyu hwepabonde, hupenyu hwemukadzi, kufa, kubika, kurapwa, kurapwa. ... Tinogona kutaura kuti vasati vataura nevakadzi vemamwe marudzi akasiyana (kazhinji hazvibviri kuvarume vekunze), mazhinji ehupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva akaramba asingaoneki kumuongorori weEuropean.
Alice akaenderera mberi nekukurukurirana nevamiriri vemadzinza eIndia (iye waaidzidza navo), kwemakore mazhinji akamedza tsika yavo nehupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva, apo Siou anga agara pakati pevamiriri vedzinza raSu reSu. Fletcher inoonekwa seyekutanga muongorori akakwanisa kushandisa zvakadzama uye kwenguva refu kutarisa kwevanhu.
Margaret pakati.
Mukadzi wechidiki wekuAmerica akave akakurumbira mumakumi maviri, akaburitsa tsika yetsika dzePolynesia, achiratidza, kutaura zvazviri, chinzvimbo cheMutariri wake Franz Boas. Maererano nefungidziro yake, kusarasa vechidiki kuEurope neAmerica kwakabatana nekushushikana kwepabonde, kurambidzwa kwevechidiki muupenyu hwepabonde. Maererano nekumwe kweshumiro yezvinhu zvekunze paSamoa (pfupi uye metring), pakati pePolnesians, pakanga pasina kurambidzwa kwakadaro pakati pePolynesia uye, nekuda kwekukakavara kwezvizvarwa, hazvina kuvapo.Zvidzidzo zvaro zvakanatswa mumakore makumi masere, asi ushumiri hwenze hwakakwanisa kupa mupiro kuEthnopsychology, albeit husina kushamwaridzana neruzhinji. Maererano nemhedzisiro yekuwedzera kwavo kutsvagisa, yakagoverwa nematanho ekuendeswa kweruzivo pakati pezvizvarwa: Kubva kune vakuru kusvika kune worugotwe, kubva kune wechidiki kusvika kune mukuru uye, pakupedzisira, pakati pezera.
Zvakaoma kufungidzira, asi zvisati zvaitika pamusoro pekuti mafambiro evatatu, n waasina kufunga, uye kana kuendesa kweruzivo kusiri kubva kune vadiki kusvika kune vadiki, saka serudzi rwekutsvagisa uye kusabvisa kubva ku kutonga.
Rute Benedict.
Mumwe wevadzidzisi vevatorwa, Rute Benedict, ingano chaiyoiyo yetsitsi uye anthropology.
Kutanga, aive iye akatanga uye akaunza nzira yesainzi yekufunda tsika ari mumamiriro ezvinhu ausingakwanisi kuzvinyudza mukati mayo (venhoroondo vaibetsera zvakanyanya).
Kechipiri, akadzidza kwenguva yakareba kupfuura imwe tsika dzakasiyana kubva kune imwe, iyo inoita kuti mumwe nemumwe wavo azviparadzanise, uye asina kana musiyano wetsika, iyo tsvimbo yetsika inoita kuti ive yakasarudzika nezvinhu zvese zvakafanana neukuru tsika kana kukweretwa kubva kune mamwe mararamiro.
Inga andronikov
Gypsies, imwe yeanonyanya kupararira uye vanhu vese, vane nguva yakareba uye vairamba vakonzera kufarira, asi aive kure zvakanyanya neyesainzi zvechokwadi. Vakanga vachitsvaga madhiri ezvisungo zvavo zvekudanana uye, kwete, kutya kwavo. Kusvika nguva pfupi yapfuura, Tsygnoov yaive, kunyangwe kuwanda kwevanhu pachavo, nhungamiro inorwara kwazvo muExnography.
Imwe yekutsvaga kwakatanhamara kwehupenyu, inotenda uye isingawanzo kujairika folklore Roma (kunyanya, maRussia) aive musikana weSoviet Ingayo andronikov. Aive mumhuri dzechiGypsy, akakwanisa kubata mafungu pakupfeka kwake uye anosiya zvinyorwa zvakawanda nezvechishandiso chehupenyu hwakatangira ndangariro dzaAye akanyangarika zvachose.
Nehurombo, zvinyorwa zvaro zvakawanikwa uye zvakarongeka zvakazotevera kupfuura kufa kwake. Vakarambidza ngano zhinji dzinozivikanwa dzakatenderedza hupenyu hwehupenyu uye nzanga yevanhu vechirume uye vakanyora ruzivo rwacho rwaigona kubva zvachose.
KUTAMBUKA: Pixanay.com.