Nhasi, paunoverenga rugwaro urwu pakombiyuta kana mbozhanhare, zvakaoma kunyange kufungidzira kuti vanhu vakagara sei mumakore zana - mazana maviri emakore apfuura. Nhasi, hazviiti kuti mumwe munhu aivata musango, geza nguo kamwe chete pasvondo uye kubatwa mumunhu pasina dzidzo yekurapa. Zvakaoma kuzviisa pasi, saka nyika yedu yakasiyana kwazvo neiyo iyo iyo vanhu vedu vaye vazukuru nasekuru nasekuru. Saka, chii chaizivikanwa nemadzitateguru edu, uye zvinoita kunge zvisingagamuchiriki.
1. Kushambidza nguo pamurume
Chero ani zvake ane kana aive mhuri ichataura chinhu chimwe nezvekushambidza: haina kumbopera. Kana zvese zvakashata kwazvo muna 2018, zvakakodzera chete kuti ufunge kuti kwawhakwai pakutanga kwezana ramakore re20. Ipapo vanhu vakapisa mapani makuru nemvura pamusoro pemoto, vobva vageza zvipfeko zvese zvine maoko nerubatsiro rwebhoti rekushambidza (izvi zviri nani) kana vakagogodza dombo.
Chaizvoizvo, mhuri zhinji dzakarongwa dzakashambidzwa kamwe chete pasvondo, uye iwe ungafungidzira kuti "vanhu vane hungwaru panguva iyoyo, vakapiwa vanhu vazhinji vakaita basa remuviri." Iyo yekutanga yemagetsi yekushambidza yekushambidza, inonzi Thor, yakatengeswa neHurley Machine kambani muChicago muna 1908. Uye kubva ipapo, nguva yekushambidza nguo yakatanga kubvarura kusvika kuzuva.
2. Kurara pakatsiwa maturu
Pamberi pekuonekwa kwemubhedha wemazuva ano yakapfava, vanhu vakarara zvakanyanya pamateti akanunurwa neuswa. Munguva dzekare, vanhuwo zvavo vakanamatira nehurongwa hwehunhu, nekuti minhenga yaive yakaoma kusvika, kana kuti yaifanira kufonera nhamba yakakodzera yeminhenga.
Panguva imwe chete, huswa nehunhu uye huswa hwaive huri dzose kwese, uye vaigona kuwana chero munhu. Kuwedzera kune chokwadi chekuti uswa hwakatyoka, rimwe dambudziko rakawanikwa pamwe nahwo: bugs. Izvi zvidiki zvisina kunaka zvipembenene zvakakanyiwa mumibhedha yemubhedha usiku uye vanhu vakaneta kwazvo zuva ravaisatombozvinzwa.
3. Yakatorwa vana pasina magwaro
Munguva yababa vedu vambuya, kurambidzwa hakuna kugadziriswa nemitemo chero ipi zvayo. Izvo zvaive, panzvimbo pazvo, mhuri kana yeruzhinji, asi hapana dambudziko repamutemo. Vakadzi vechidiki vazhinji vachiri kuchera muchivande uye vakapa vana kuhama, shamwari dzemhuri kana dzimba dzevana, pasina kuzadza chero mapepa.
Sezvineiwo, muUS, tsika iyi yakaramba ichizivikanwa munharaunda dzevaAmerican maAmerican uye muma1960. Makumi masere neshanu muzana evana vevaAmerican vekuAmerica vakatorwa kubva kumhuri dzavo kubva muna 1941 kusvika 1967, vakakurira mumhuri dzisina hukama nevanhu vemuguta. Nanhasi, vamwe vacho havana chokwadi kuti vabereki vavo ndiani.
4. Akava vanachiremba vasina kushanya chikoro
MuXviii zana zana pakanga pasina sarudzo zhinji dzekuwana degree chairo rekurapa. Kumadokero, zvaigoneka kusarudza kudzidza muElinburgh, Leiden kana London, asi yaigona kusakwanisa munhu wese. Nekuda kweizvozvo, vanhu vazhinji vakava vanachiremba vachishandisa maitiro ekudzidzira.
Mudzidzi akapedza makore maviri kana matatu aine chiredzo achitsinhanha mubhadharo uye nezvaakaita zvese zvakasviba basa remudzidzisi wake. Mushure meizvozvo, akatenderwa kuita mushonga wakazvimirira. Izvi, kuti zviise zvinyoro, hazvifanane nedzidzo yemazuva ano yekurapa.
5. Tumira vana kwete kuchikoro, asi kushanda
Muna 1900, 18 muzana yevashandi vese vari pasi penyika vaive pasi pemakore gumi nematanhatu, uye nhamba iyi yakawedzerwa mumakore anotevera.
Kazhinji vabereki vakaramba kutumira vana vavo kuchikoro (nekuti zvaireva mari), uye panzvimbo pezvo vaivatumira kuti vashande. Vana vaive vashandi vakakodzera munzvimbo dzakadai semaminetsi kana fekitari, mavaive vashoma zvakakwana kuti vagadzike pakati pemakamuri kana mumakamuri madiki pasi pevhu. Vana vakaita zvakawanda zvebasa rine njodzi, izvo zvinowanzotungamira kuzvirwere kana kunyange rufu.
6. Isu takatyaira mumugwagwa pasina kumhanya
Kunyangwe muna 1901 muCocicticut vakatora mutemo kudzora kumhanya kwemotokari dzemotokari 19 kiredhiti uye makumi maviri nemazana mashanu emakiromita, mune mamwe eUnited States, vatyairi vakanga vachiri kubvumidzwa Kutasva chero kumhanya.
Mitemo yekutanga yepasirese yemugwagwa yakaonekwa muNew York muna 1903, asi zvirambidzo zvekumhanya hazvina kuita kwese (semuenzaniso, kusvika pakupera kwema1990 montana hakuna kugumira pakumhanya panguva yemasikati.
7. Mudzidzisi anoreva kusurukirwa
Pakutendeuka kwezana ramakore reXX, vakadzi vakaroora havana kubvumidzwa kuve vadzidzisi zvachose, pamwe nevakadzi vane vana. Kunyangwe kana mukadzi akava wechirikadzi, aisabvumidzwa kuve mudzidzisi kuti awane muzviparidzire iye nevana. Basa remudzidzisi rakawanikwa chete kune vakadzi vasina kuroora vasina vana uye vachifunga kuti vakadzi vazhinji vakaroora kusvika makore 19 kana makumi maviri, vadzidzisi vazhinji vaive vadiki kwazvo. Muna 1900, vangangosvika makumi manomwe neshanu muzana evadzidzisi vaive vakadzi, uye kuumbwa kwavo ndiko kwaive izvo zvavakadzidza pachikoro.3 haina kana pfungwa pamusoro pevechidiki
Nhasi zvinoita sezvishamiso, asi muXix zana mazwi ekuti "kuyaruka" kwaisavapo. Paive nevana, uye vaive vakuru, uye munhu aionekwa seumwe. Chete mushure mekugadzirwa kwemota uye kuwanikwa kwemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu evanhu vane makore gumi nematanhatu kusvika 19 kusvika 19 vanozivikanwa seboka rakaparadzana. Panzvimbo pekuroora vane makore 15-16, vabereki vakatanga kubvumira vana vavo ku "kukura" zvakanyanya uye kunyange hanya. Zvakangodaro, kudanana munguva yakapfuura kwakaitika chete mumba neyekumanikidzwa kuvapo kwevabereki. Gare gare, apo mota dzikaonekwa, vayaruka vakatonyanya kupihwa vari voga, uye mudare racho rakashanduka kuita kuti nhasi rinozivikanwa sezuva.
11. Doro riri pasi pekurambidzwa
Kubva muna 1919 kusvika muna 1933 muUnited States, kana mumwe munhu aida kunakidzwa nechinwiwa chinwiwa mushure mezuva rakareba uye rakaoma, aisakwanisa kutenga bhodhoro rewaini muchitoro kana kuenda kubhawa. Munyika panguva ino yaive iyo inonzi yakaoma mutemo. Doro rakaziviswa hurumende kunze kweMutemo kuitira kuti "vasingashungurudzwe."
Zvisinei, kutaura idi, kurambidzwa kwakadaro kwashanduka nevanhu vakawanda mumatsotsi, uye matsotsi ari mukurumbira. Kugadzirwa uye kugoverwa kwedoro zvisiri pamutemo kwave kuita bhizinesi rinobatsira kwazvo rezvikwata zvakarongeka, izvo zvakakonzera kukura kwavo. Kushandiswa zvisiri pamutemo kwedoro kwaifungidzirwa sechinhu "kuseka uye kukomba." Hazvishamisi kuti Mutemo wakaoma wakazvisarudzira uye wakazopedzisira wadzimwa musi waDecember 5, 1933.
10. Akashongedzwa nemhuri yese mune imwe yekugezera
Kana mumwe munhu asina rombo rekurarama nezve rwizi, angangodaro asina mvura, uye nevanhu vese mumhuri yaive zvakarongeka kuti zvinhu zvigeze mugeji imwe, kuwana mvura kamwechete. Maitiro ekubata aive mune imwe odhi: Kazhinji musoro wacho wacho washambidza musoro wakashambwa, uye shure kwake, uyezve, vamwe vese. Ehe, zvese ndezvechokwadi, mwana wedangwe akashambwa mumvura, mairi pakanga paine vanhu vakati wandei pamberi pake.