Bhabhironi, zvakavakirwa panenge 4000 BC, inoonekwa seimwe yematare ekutanga. Sezvaunoziva, nekuda kwekodhi yeHammurpi, Bhabhironi yaive nzanga ine mutsika uye yakanyorwa, nekunyora kwake, masvomhu, zvakasiyana-siyana zve cuisine uye, zvechokwadi, maitiro emubhedha. Kwete kunyange papa, maGreek ekare akatarirana nezveBabironi tsika dzakanaka pabonde.
1. Mumubhedha nemutorwa
Zvigadzirwa zvechiGiriki zvinotaura zvakawanda nezvehupenyu hwepabonde hwavanhu veBabironi, uye, chokwadi, Bhabhironi raive nemaitiro epabonde aizoita kuti vanhu vemazuvano vaite blush. Kunyangwe maGreek ekare akatarirana nezve Bhabhironi rakasununguka tsika kana zvasvika kune zvepabonde.
Semuenzaniso, imwe yeanowanzogamuchirwa maitiro aive akabatana nevatorwa, semunyori wechiGiriki Herodotus akadaro. Akarondedzera mutsika inotevera quirky: Mukadzi wega wega weBabironi kamwe chete muhupenyu hwake aifanira kuenda kutembere kuti avete murume asingazivikanwe zvachose. Ehezve, zvakakodzera kucherechedza kuti vamwe vanyori venhoroondo vanonongedzera zvinyorwa zveHerodhi, asi vanobvuma kuti chifambiro chetsiva chaivapo muBabironi.
2. Chipfambi chetembere
Chipfambi mumatemberi chakaitika kwese munyika yekare yekare munharaunda yeiyo yakaorera crescent uye yakakomberedza. Iyi tsika inodzokera kumusika wekare weSumerian tsika, iyo yakamuka mu4500 BC, iyo iyo tsika yeBabironi yakazoumbwa. Zvinotendwa kuti muBabironi vakasikwa tembere yakanyatsogadzirirwa kugara pfambi. Aya "mauto eVamwari" aisangova nzvimbo iyo vanhu vakatengwa nevanhu vepedyo - chaive chiitiko chechitendero chaive chokwadi kuBabironi vekare.Pano ini handina kana kusvika mari. Asi, zvinogona kunzi tsika yaiwanzo gamuchirwa yekuvonga nekunamata vamwari veBabironi rekare. Chaive tsika yakasarudzika yevaBabironi uye tsika dzakafanana muMiddle East, iyo yaionekwa seyakaverengerwa chikamu chehupenyu hwavo hwekunamata.
3. SINKE
MaKristu anogona kunge akashamiswa, achirova muBabironi rekare, nekuti munhamba yemuno kwaive nemutadzi kuti arege kuita zvepabonde. Sezvo Herodotus paakauya kutembere aine chinangwa chaicho chose chinangwa (chiHerobit muhupenyu), munhu wekutanga akakanda mari kumabvi ake aifanira kunge akarara nemukadzi uyu. Kunyangwe iri mupfumi kana murombo, mudiki kana mukuru, mukadzi aisakwanisa kuramba murume, zvisinei nekwavo munharaunda.
Herodotus akanyorawo nezvepfambi asina kurongeka kunze kwetembere, kwaibvumira kurara nemunhu wese nemukadzi kana vana, kana vakabhadharira mari. Saka kune avo vaitsvaga jira rekurara, pakanga paine mikana yakawanda muBhabhironi rekare. Kunyangwe nhasi zvingaita kunge blud uye nekuisa, tsika iyi yaive yakapararira uye munharaunda inogamuchirwa tsika yeBhaibheri, izvo zvakavakirwa kubereka muzvimisikidzwa.
Chakanga chiri chikamu chechinamato chechitendero chemuno, zviito zveupenzi uye kunamatwa kwevamwari vavo vebonde Inanna (zvakare vanozivikanwa saIshtar). Izvo zvinonyanya kuoma kufungidzira izvi izvozvi, asi tsika iripo pasi pano, kwaionekwa sechivi kuramba bonde.
4. Kugadziriswa kwakatemwa
Manyoro uye chipfambi zvakanyatso kujairika munyika yekare, uye Bhabhironi haina kusarudzika. Nekudaro, rudo rusununguko uye zvepabonde zvakavhurika hazvina kungogumira pamitambo yakakura yegore negore, uye yepedyo pese pese uye muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Herodotus akataura nezvemativi emuno nemabatiro avakaita. Kutaura zvazviri, vaBhabhironi vekare vaifarirwa nemanyoro, izvo zvakatanga sokunge madhiri ari nyore, asi mukuita kwakawedzera kuwedzera.Pakudya kwemanheru zvakaipfuurira, vakadzi zvishoma nezvishoma vasina kudzidza kusvikira vashama zvakakwana. Iwe unogona chete kufungidzira zvakaitika, asi Herodotus akataura kuti kunyange maGreek akaonekwa seyakaganhurirwa munharaunda mukati memasikati.
5. Kutsiva kwewanano mumubhedha
Mune iyo Hammurapi Code, pane zvakawanda nezve maitiro ezvepabonde enguva nezvavo. MuBabironi rekare, kuroora kwekare kwakada kuzvitsaurira pabonde, uye hakuna kutariswa sehurumende kusvikira vatongorori vakapinda mumusangano webonde. Pangozi mundiro yematombo, kufambidzana na 1754 BC, rakanyorwa kuti: "Kana murume achinzi:" Kana murume akatora mukadzi kumukadzi wake, asi asina kubatana naye kana kuti haana kubereka muchibereko, mukadzi uyu haamupi mukadzi wake kwaari. "
6. padhuze nepedyo
VaBhabhironi vaisave vanotya kana kunyara kana zvasvika. Vakanga vari mune izvi chero nguva, chero kupi uye, zvaiita kunge chero munhu, pavanoda. VaBhabhironi vakarovererwa pachena pakati peguta, parwendo rwacho rwepedyo kana rwakakwira denga reimba yavo, kuti vaonekwe neguta rakavhurwa pamberi pavo.Hapana akaramba kupokana nepamwe kwakadaro sevaBabironi vaive tsika dzakanyanyisa pabonde. Kubva pamatembere kumatenga, pamberi peimba yekurara kumugwagwa ... Bhabhironi vakazviita kwese kupi. Zvichida, vazhinji havanyatsofungidzirwa neguta rose revanhu vanobata nerudo kwese.
7. Marikero yemuchato
Misika yemuchato yaive imwe nhengo inoshamisa yetsika yeBhabheri. Kwavari, vakadzi vezera rekubereka vana vakatengeswa panhongwe yekuti "ndiani achapa mutengo wepamusoro". Kuziva izvi kwakasvika panguva ino zvakare nekuda kweHerodotus, izvo zvakarondedzera zvakadzama kuti misika iyi yakashanda sei.
Vakadzi vese vakagara mudenderedzwa uye vakasimuka, vakasiya kuenda pakati, mushure mekunge vanhu muvateereri vakatanga kubheja pamusoro pake pane zvekutengesa. Takapiwa zvese zvimwe zvinozivikanwa nezve tsika dzebhaibheri dzebonde, dzainyanya kunge iri musika chaiye, uko varume vakatengeranisa varume vaida.
8. Maziso emaziso
Codex Hammurapi akazivikanwa nekuda kwekutanga kutonga kweziso. Izvo zvinonyatsoratidza kuti ndezvipi zvirango zvakarongeka uye zvakaringana, kuti zvipi zvisizvo uye zvisizvo. Ehezve, bonde raisave kusarudzika kune izvi ... asi dzimwe nguva mazano emuno nezve izvo "ziso remaziso" raive, kuti riise zvinyoro-nyoro.Mune zvinyorwa zvemutemo zvakafanana, kufambidzana kubva panguva dzeBabironi rekare, rinotenderwa neinotevera: Kana munhu ari baba vemhandara, ipapo baba vake vanobvumidzwa kuita nemukadzi wake Kana munhu uyu aanofarira naye, kumusoro kumusoro kusvikira kumhondi.
Nekudaro, mukodhi yeHammurapi, inotaurwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro kuti murume akatungamira kumhandara, Baba vane kodzero yekuuraya, uye mukadzi anofanira kununura.
9. Hupombwe
Kupiwa mamiriro ekunze ehupombwe hweunhu hwenyika, zvinoshamisa ndewehupombwe hwave nemutengo wakakwira mu Bhabhironi. Nezve mhosva yakadaro, mutongo werufu wakavimbiswa, uye mukadzi akabata "pane kupisa," zvaifanira kunyura pamwe chete nemudiwa wake, akasungirirwa netambo imwe chete. Nekudaro, kana murume akanyengera aida kusiya mukadzi wake, mune izvi Mutemo wakapa ngoni kune mudiwa. Kana murume akafunga kusara mukadzi wake, akauraya murume waakarara naye, akaurayiwa uye zvake.
10. Ungochani
Sezvazviri mune zvimwe zvirimwa pasi pano kutonga kwechiKristu, kwakaitika Konsternin kwakaita kuti chiKristu cheRundo rwekare, vaBhabhironi vakanyatsoita ungochani uye, sevaGreek vekare, vaiita pachena uye vakasununguka. Nekudaro, ivo vaive nechimwe chiitiko choungochani, icho chaitendwa kuve nekuda kwekutadza (uye vaive avo vaitendwa kuunza rombo rakanaka).
Masayendisiti akatanga kuti varume veBabironi dzimwe nguva vaida basa revakadzi pabonde, uyezve, saka, zvinogoneka kuti ungochani wakashanda senzira imwecheteyo chinangwa - kudzivisa nhumbu). Chero zvazvingaitika, veBabironi zvaive zvisinganzwisisike "Friki" nekuda kwemazuva ano zviitiko munzira dzakawanda.