Nhasi, chero amai vanogona kuenda kuchitoro chemuno uye vatenga bhodhoro rekudya kwevacheche, pane kuyamwisa mwana wake. Nekudaro, kwaingova maviri chete sarudzo dzekudyisa mwana nhoroondo: kana kuyamwisa kana kubira nanny-chikafu. Kazhinji, yaive nzanga yakagadzirisa vabereki "kana vari nani," sezvo zvinotendwa nemazvo zvekupa vana zvakachinja kakawanda mumakore chiuru.
Chinhu chikuru chaive kushambadzira, uye kuchengetedzeka kweimwe kana imwe sarudzo yechikafu yaive yakakosha zvakanyanya. Isu tinopa mienzaniso yekuti vanhu vanofuka sei vana vavo mumakore mashoma apfuura.
1 kromilitsa
Iko kushandiswa kwemukodzi ndiko kwaive chinhu chenguva dzose vasati vatanga kupa musanganiswa kana nebhodhoro. Yakatanga muna 2000 BC uye yakapfuurira kusvika muzana rino ramakore. Munguva yese iyi, sarudzo yekuti amai vacho vachashandiswa here kana kuti kwete, vakatsunga kwete chete nekusarudzwa, asi dzimwe nguva vanaamai havana kana kuti ivo pachavo havana kuburitsa mukaka. Masevhisi eKormilitsa aive chiitiko chakakurumbira - zvibvumirano zvakasainwa uye matinji akagashirwa marezinesi. Nhungamiro yebhodhoro yekudyisa muZuva rexix seimwe nzira yakabatsira kubvisa tsika yeCormilitz. Pakati paIsraeri munenge 20 BC Kuyamiswa kwevana kwainzi chikomborero, uye ichi chiitiko chakatotariswa semutambo wechitendero. Muchiitiko chekare cheEpiresi "chepapa" chakapihwa zano rinotevera kuna amai vacho, vasina kukanganiswa: zvaive zvakafanira kuti "kudziya mapfupa ebakatwa-hove mumafuta" uye isa kumashure kwaamai. Nenzira imwe cheteyo, aigona kugara nemakumbo akayambuka uye pane chingwa, "akaiswa mubenzi" (rudzi rwemabheya), panguva imwe chete, panguva imwe chete, panguva imwe chete ichipaza chipfuva cheMac.
2 kirasi zvekare
Kana mukadzi muGreek ari anenge 950 BC. Akabata chinzvimbo chepamusoro, aikwanisa kuhaya chikafu mushure mekubereka mwana. Panguva ino, gungwa raikumbira kuti vatange vane simba pamusoro pemisimboti. Bhaibheri rinoreva mienzaniso yakati wandei ye kremilitz. Zvimwe ane mbiri kwavari aive muCormalist, uyo mwanasikana waFarao anobatira Mozisi, akawanikwa mumatsanga. Muumambo hweRoma kubva 300 BC Kusvika 400 g. Ivo vanohaya bhomba kuti vatarisire vana vakasiiwa (kazhinji kumashure kwevasikana) vakatenga mupfumi sevaranda mune ramangwana. Vana vakadaro vakadya makore matatu.
3 Middle Ages
MuMiddle Ages, zano rekuti Cormits vanofanira kuzvibata sei, rakabudiswa neyeFrancisan monk yezana reXIII zita reBartholomew Chirungu. Akakurudzira ivo vanofudza kuti vaite saamai: "Kurera mwana paanodonha, ipa mwana kumwana, kana achichema ... Shambidza mwana kana achienda kuchimbuzi." MuMiddle Ages, mwana achiri mudiki akatanga kuonekwa seimwe nguva, uye mukaka wamazamu wainzi mashiripiti. Zvekare zvakare, vanaamai vakakurudzirwa kudyisa vana vavo nemukaka wechipfuva (uyezve, zvaionekwa seiko chikafu chavo chechipfuva), sezvo zvakaverengerwa mukaka wemazamu aigona kuendesa maitiro epfungwa uye emuviri kuenda kumwana. Munguva yerumutsiriro, maitiro aya kunaamai mana mana mana anochengetwa nekuti vakadzi vakatya kuti vacheche vanogona kuita semukoti-chikafu.
4 Ngatiti "Kwete" Tsvuku
Muna 1612, chiremba anovhiya wechiFrench uye jacetrician jomo Zvinoenderana naye, maNainnies anofanira kunge ari "akapfava, akapfava, ane moyo munyoro, akasvinura, akachena, uye pasina mhosva, anozvibata, anozvikudza, anozvikudza, anokara.
5 Zvikamu Zvemazana emakore
Kubva kuXvii century kusvika kuXix yezana ramakore, iyo tsika yekuyamwisa nerubatsiro rwe "vakadzi" vakaremara vakaenderera mberi, nekuti vanhu vakangoona, uye vakatya uye vaitya kuti yaizotyisa nhamba. Zvipfeko zvenguva iyoyo, zvimwe zvese hazvina kukodzera kuyamwisa, nekuti ivo vaive vakaoma kufamba mavari. Kunyangwe vamiriri vemakirasi akadzika, akadai savakadzi vanachiremba, magweta uye magweta, kormilitz, sezvo zvaive zvakachipa pane kuhaya bhizinesi rako kana kuchengeta imba. Mukuchinja kwamaindasitiri wenhapwa kunotevera, mhuri dzakawanda dzakafamba kubva kumaguta kumaguta, uko vakadzi vaiwanzoshanda kune vaCarmalists. Matambudziko chaiwo akazviratidza. Semuenzaniso, mu "mushonga wepamba", William Bucos (1779) anoratidza kusavimbika kwevaCamishi, izvo zvaiwanzoita mari dzinonyaradza pamhondi kuti vana vaiti "vakanyarara uye vakanyarara."
6 Mabhodhoro ekutanga
MuXix, zvivakwa zvakatanga kufa, nekuti mukurumbira wawanikwa mukaka uye uchidyisa kubva pabhodhoro. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kushandiswa kwemabhodhoro ekubereka kwakakurumbira munguva dzekare, uye midziyo yakawanikwa nezera zviuru zvemakore. Greek Terracotta "Feeders" 450 BC. Inoshandiswa pakupa vana nemusanganiswa wewaini nehuchi. Midziyo yakawanda yakawanikwa yakaedzwa uye mitezo yezvigadzirwa zvemukaka zvakaverengerwa pavari, saka vanocheraye vanochera matongo vakaitwa kuti mukaka wemhuka kana zvimwe zvakadzora zvakashandiswa kupa vana muzera remabwe. Matambudziko anobva mumabhodhoro ekuchenesa akanyorwa mumabhuku enguva dzeRome, epakati mazera uye renaissance. Shanduko yeindasitiri yakapihwa chokwadi chekuti mabhodhoro anozova hutsanana uye akachengeteka kupa mwana.
7 poted mapoto uye hounds evana - "mabhoti"
Mhando yemazuva ano yemabhodhoro evana isati yavandudzwa, ndakaedza zvakawanda zvingasarudzwa. Vamwe vacho vakagadzirwa neCeramics kana huni, asi mhando yakakurumbira yekudyisa mudziyo yakagadzirwa neyakagadzirwa runyanga rwemukaka yakagadzirirwa ndima yemukaka. Muma 1700s, ongororo yakapihwa marara uye sirivheri, iyo yaive mudziyo waidaidzwa kuti "pari yakashamiswa", yakagadzirwa neLondon chiremba anonzi Hugh Smith. Nehurombo, chipanje chehari yakadai, chakafanana nekiyi, zvainge zvisingaite kuchenesa uye zvaiwanzotungamira kutapukirwa uye zvinobuda zvinouraya. Vana vanozvika mune fomu yezvikepe vanoshandiswa kudyisa nechingwa, vakasungwa nemvura kana mukaka, kana mapoinzi muuto. Vana vanofarira vakapihwa chikafu chakafanana, asi nekuti midziyo yacho yainetsa kuchenesa, inenge yechitatu yevana yakafa mugore rekutanga rekutapukira.
8 mabhodhoro ezana rexix
Mabhodhoro egirazi akaziviswa kuti aiswe pakati pezana rezana, uye vamwe vacho vaive vakaoma kunzwisisa, vakareveswa muchimiro chemabhonzo kana mapungu. Zvishoma nezvishoma, vakatsiva midziyo yokupfeka yekudyisa, yakanga isati yamboitika. Zvizhinji zvezvigadzirwa zvitsva zvakazonzi "bottle-mhondi", sezvo vakava rudzi rwevaraira petri yekubereka mabhakitiriya (akacheneswa mitsipa uye mabhabhu marara aive akaoma). Mune imwe nyaya, mazamu ekugadzira akagadzirwa, ayo amai vaigona kuzadza mukaka uye vanopfeka paari zvekuti mukaka waidziya kubva pakupisa kwemuviri. Muna 1863, muvaki anonzi Matthew Tomlinson akavaka "bhodhoro rakaumbwa nemapere remagariro rinonzi" imba yekubatira ", yaakatengera kushambadzira, uye akatenda kuti zvakanyatso kujaira mwana nemurume.
9 yekutanga mafomula
Mutsika yemazuva ano, kuyamwisa kunoonekwa sekusakwana kwesimba kwakanakisa kwevacheche, asi kana musanganiswa wakagadzirwa, kushambadzira kwakawedzera kufarirwa mune imwe nzira yemukaka yemukaka. Naizvozvo, mukati meXix Century, mukaka wemhuka wacho wakakundwa zvakare uye wakawedzerwa kumisanganiswa yechingwa kana mwana airwara. Kuenzanisa pakati pemhuka uye mukaka wevanhu wakadzidzwa muXviii century, zvichienderana nemhuka ipi, semuenzaniso, mabhiza, nguruve, ngamera, makamera, makamera nembira nembwa. Mukaka wemombe seyakavimbika kuti arege kutarisirwa. Muna 1865, iyo "yakanaka" yekuumbwa yakagadzirirwa mukaka wevacheche, kutevedzera zviri mumukaka wechipfuva. Inodaidzwa neiyo formula yeLibrix, yaive nemukaka wemombe, malt negorosi roupfu nePotasium carbonate.
10 Kuvandudzwa uye Kuwedzera Kuchengetedza
Pakupera kwa 1883, 27 petent akasiyana ezvekudya zvekudya mucheche pasi peLibid brand yakaonekwa, asi vazhinji vavo vakanga vasina kukwana kubva pakuona kwehutano, pamwe ne shuwa kuwedzera calorie. Nekufamba kwenguva, ruzivo nezvekupenga neVitamins vakabvumira kuumbwa kwekunyatsobudirira. Asi chikafu chakanyanya kufarirwa muzhizha, mukaka wakapambwa, mukufa kwevacheche vakawedzera. Mamiriro acho ezvinhu akavandudza mushure mekutorwa kweiyo dzidziso yehutachiona pakati pa 1890 na1910. Sezvo kuchena kwemabhodhoro kwave nani, uye niphizha dzinza dzave dzichiwedzera, kufa kwakadzikira. Mukuwedzera, chikamu chakafungidzirwa chakaitwa nechitarisiko chakazara chiverengero chevanopa, mukakagona kuchengetwa zvakachengeteka kuti uwedzere kushandiswa.