Iyo Berlin Wall yaive imwe yezviratidzo zvehondo inotonhora. MuEast Germany, akanzi "die anti-faschistischer Schwall" ("Anti-Fascist Dziviriro Wall"). Sekureva kwevamiriri veUSSR uye GDR, rusvingo rwacho rwakadiwa kuti rive vashori vekumabvazuva kweEast Berlin vasingaende kuEast Berlin zvinhu izvo zvakatengeswa zvinhu zvakasikwa.
MuWest Germany, vakataura nezvendarira iyi sekuyedza kweSoviet Union kuti imise kutama kwekutama kweMabvazuva kweBerliners kuenda kumadokero kweWest Berlin. Saka, nhasi, vashoma vanhu vanoziva nezve madziro emasaini.1. Haana kugovera Eastern neWest Germany
Pakati pevanhu pasina chikonzero chakajairika kuti Berlin Wall yakagovaniswa Eastern neWest Germany. Iyi yakadzika midzi zvisizvo. Berlin Wall yakavaparadzanisa chete Western Berlin kubva kuEast Berlin uye iyo yakasara yeEast Germany (Western Berlin yaive muEast Germany). Kuti unzwisise kuti kumadokero kweBerlin Berlin kuEast Germany, tanga kuda kunzwisisa kuti German yakakapiwa sei nehondo. Pakupera kweHondo Yenyika II, vabatsiri vakabvuma kupatsanura Germany kuita zvikamu zvina zveSimba: United States, Great Britain, Soviet Union neFrance.
Berlin zvakafanana (yaive iri mudunhu rinodzorwa neSoviet Union) rakakamurwawo kuita zvikamu zvina zvakagoverwa pakati pemagazini. Gare gare, kusawirirana neSoviet Union kwakatungamira kuchokwadi kuti United States, United Kingdom neFrance yakabatana nekwavo, kuyambuka Germany, uye East Germany neEast Berlin vakasara veSoviet Union.
Kureba kweganho remukati pakati peWestern neEast Germany yaive makiromita anopfuura 1,300, iyo sere kakapetwa kamera yeBerlin (154 makiromita). Uye zvakare, makiromita makumi mana nemapfumbamwe emadziro eBerlin akakamura East Berlin kubva kumadokero kweWest Berlin. Mazhinji emadziro akapatsanurwa kumadokero kweBerlin kubva kune vakasara veEast Germany.
2. Kutaura zvazviri, makanga mune madziro maviri
Nhasi, vashoma vanhu vanoyeuka kuti rusvingo rweBerlin harisi rusvingo, asi madziro maviri akafanana ari kure kwemamita zana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe. Nekudaro, iyo iyo munhu wese anotarisisa Berlin, yaive pedyo neEast Berlin. Shanda pakuvakwa kwemadziro ekutanga kwakatanga muAugust 13, 1961, ndokutanga kuvaka madziro echipiri pagore.
Pakati pemadziro maviri aya aive anonzi "tambo yerufu", ipo chero munhu anopinda achigona kupfura nekukurumidza. Zvivakwa mukati me "tambo yerufu" zvakaparadzwa, uye nzvimbo yese yakanyatsoenderana uye kurara nejira diki kuratidza tsvaga dzevamwe vapotera. Zvakare pamativi ese emativi emigodhi mushure meimwe nguva, mapepa akaiswa kuti adzivirire usiku.
3. Chechi yakamira pakati pemadziro maviri
Mukati me "tambo yerufu", zviremera zveGerman neSoviet zvakaparadza zvivakwa zvese, kunze kweiyo inonzi Reconciliation Church. Pacherians aitadza kupinda mariri, sezvo chechi yaive munzvimbo yakarambidzwa. Iyo nyaya yakabatana neChechi iyi inonakidza. Mushure mekuparadzaniswa kweBerlin, nzvimbo yakatenderedza chechi yakawira pamuganho pakati peFrench neSoviet zvikamu. Chechi yacho yaive iri mucheki yeSoviet, uye vayo vepamoyo vaigara muchikamu cheFrance. Ivo pavakavaka rusvingo rweBerlin, akaparadzanisa kereke kubva kuboka. Uye apo rusvingo rwechipiri rwakati rapedzwa, vashoma vasara vePashionia vanogara muchikamu cheSoviet vaizovharwa mukana wekuwana tembere.
MuWest Berlin, Chechi yakasiiwa yakakurudzirwa sechiratidzo chekudzvinyirira kweSoviet Union yeSoviet Union Berliners uye Eastern Germans. Chechi yake pacharo yakava dambudziko kumapurisa eEast Germany, sezvo zvaive zvakafanira kugara uchifamba. Nekuda kweizvozvo, muna Ndira 22, 1985, zvakasarudzwa kuputsa kuti "vavandudzure kuchengeteka, kurongeka uye kuchena."
4. Masviro akakurudzira sei subway
Kunyangwe iyo Berlin wall wall, akabata metro muBerlin. Mushure mekuparadzaniswa kweBerlin, iyo metro station pamativi ese maviri akapfuura pasi pekutarisira kwemadokero uye USSR. Yakakurumidza kuve dambudziko, nekuti zvitima zvichipfuura pakati pemapepa maviri kuWest Berlin, dzimwe nguva zvaifanira kupfuura nematanho padyo nemabvazuva kweBerlin Berlin. Kuti udzivise mapundu uye kusanganisa pakati pevagari vemapato ese ari maviri, maEast Berliners akarambidzwa kupinda zviteshi kuburikidza neyekupedzisira zvitima. Izvi zviteshi zvakaiswa chisimbiso, zvakakomberedzwa newaya rakabiwa uye alarm. Zvitima kubva kuWestern Berlin zvakare hazvina kumira ku "Eastern" zviteshi. Chiteshi chete muEast Berlin, zvavakamira, zvaive zvavaida, vakagadzirirwa kumadokero kweBerliners vakananga kuEast Berlin. West Berlin akaziva kuvapo kwenzvimbo yekumabvazuva muEast Berlin, asi pane zvemepu izvi zvakanyorwa se "zviteshi izvo zvitima zvisingamiriri". MuEast Germany, izvi zviteshi zvakabviswa zvizere kubva kumepu dzese.5. Chikamu chidiki cheBerlin "chakakamurwa musha
Mushure mekuparadzaniswa kweGermany, iyo Richull weTannbach, inoyerera ichipfuura nemusha weMöndlaroit, iri pamuganho weBavaria yemazuva ano uye Magarishsia, yakashandiswa semuganhu pakati peUS, soviet Union. Pakutanga, vagari vemumusha havana kunzwisisa kuti chikamu cheMöldlaroit chiri kuGerr, uye imwe iri muGDR, sezvavaigona kuyambuka muyambuke kumuzambiringa kuti vashanyire nhengo dzemhuri kune imwe nyika. Wooden fenzi, yakagadzirwa muna 1952, chikamu chevashoma rusununguko urwu. Zvadaro, muna 1966, rusununguko urwu rwakanga rwatonyanya kuwanzotenderwa nefenti yakatsiviwa nemafomu emasimende nekureba kwemamita matatu - zvimwe izvo zvakashandiswa kupatsanurwa kweBerlin. Madziro haana kubvumira vagari vemumusha kuti vafambe pakati penyika mbiri, vachinyatsoparadzanisa mhuri. Kumadokero, uyu musha wakanzi "mudiki Berlin". Nekudaro, dambudziko revagari vekumaruwa harina kupera pamadziro. Vakuru veEast Germany vakawedzera zvipingamupinyi zvemagetsi, mushure mazvinetso kuti vasiye musha. Chikamu chemadziro chichiri chakakodzera, zadzisa neye akati wandei watchdog shongwe uye kutumira. Uye musha pachacho chinoramba chakakamurwa pakati penyika mbiri dzehurumende.
6. Inozivikanwa Graffiti yeVatungamiriri Voliding
Sezvataurwa pamusoro, iyo Berlin Wall yaive nemadziro maviri akafanana. Kubva kudivi rekumadokero kweBerlin, iye mushure mekunge kuvaka kwakatanga kupenda graffiti dzakasiyana siyana. Nekudaro, kubva kudivi rekumabvazuva kweBerlin, rusvingo rwakaramba richichengetedza mhandara yekuchena, sezvo maGertert maGergeni ekumabvazuva akarambidzwa kusvika kwaari. Mushure mekudonha kweBerlin wall muna 1989, akati wandei maartist akasarudza kupenda chikamu chekumabvazuva kweBerlin rusvingo rweGraffiti. Imwe yemabasa anozivikanwa anoratidza kuti aimbova mutungamiri weSoviet Union yeLeonid Brezhnenv, iyo yakatsemuka nekutsvoda kwakadzama nemusoro wekare weEast Germy Erich Hongukker. Graffiti anonzi "kutsvoda kwerufu" uye kwakanyorwa nemhizha kubva kuSoviet Union neDimitry Vrubel. Graffiti aidzora mamiriro a1979, apo vese vatungamiriri vakatsvoda pamhemberero yezana ramakore makumi matatu neEast Germany. Uku "kutsvoda kwekutanga" kwaive muchokwadi chiitiko pakati pezvinhu zvepamusoro-soro dzeKomenist.7. Vanopfuura zviuru makumi matanhatu nembwa dzakatakurwa rufu
"Chikamu cherufu" - nzvimbo iri pakati pemadziro maviri akaenzana emadziro eBerlin - yakatumidzwa kudaro saka kwete pasina. Yakachengetedzwa kwazvo, kusanganisira zviuru zvezvipfuyo zvinokatyamadza, zita reNicknamed "nembwa dzemadziro". Vafudzi veGerman vaiwanzoshandiswa, asi mamwe mabhureki anogona kuwanikwawo, senge rottweilers neimbwa. Hapana anoziva kuti imbwa dzakawanda dzinoshandiswa sei. Mune dzimwe nhoroondo, nhamba yevamwe zviuru zvitanhatu zvinotaurwa, nepo vamwe vachipokana kuti vaive vanosvika zviuru gumi. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti imbwa hadzina kudzungaira zvakasununguka nekuzvidzivirira. Panzvimbo pezvo, mhuka imwe neimwe yakasungirirwa kune mashanu-meter caber yakaisungirirwa kune tambo yemamita zana yakareba, iyo yaibvumira imbwa kuti ifambe kuenderana nemadziro. Mushure mekudonha kweBerlin rusvingo rwe imbwa idzi, ivo vakada kugovera kumhuri dziri kumabvazuva neWest Germany. Nekudaro, maGerterd Gerth Gerth aive asina chokwadi kuti awane mhuka dzakadaro, nekuti vezvenhau vakakurudzirwa ne "imbwa dzemadziro" semhuka dzine njodzi dzinogona kubvarura munhu kuita zvidimbu.
8. Margaret Thatcher uye Francois Mitterran aida kuti madziro agare
Pakutanga, Mutungamiri weBritain Margaret Thercher uye Mutungamiri weFrance Francois Mittereran haana kutsigira kuparadzwa kweBerlin Wall uye kugadziridzwa kweGerman. Kana nhau idzi painenge dzakateedzana dzakaitwa padhuze yakakwirira, akati: "Takunda maGerman kaviri, uye zvino vadzoka zvakare." Thatcher vakaita zvese zvinogoneka kumisa maitiro uye kunyange kuyedza kupesvedzera hurumende yeUK (iyo yakanga isingaenderane naye.) Kana Thatcher paakaziva kuti akatadza kumisa maitiro ekubatira, akazivisa kuti Germany yakabatanidzwazve mushure menguva yekuchinja makore mashanu, uye kwete ipapo. Mitterera akavhiringidzwa nevanhu vaakadana "maGerman akaipa". Aityawo kuti akabatanidzwazve Germany angave ane mukusakarira muEurope, kunyange kupfuura neAdolf Hitler. Mitteror paakaziva kuti kupikiswa kwake kwaizorega kubatanidzwazve, akachinja chinzvimbo chake ndokutanga kumutsigira. Zvakangodaro, Mitterani akanamatira kune mafungiro ayo Germany anogona chete kutariswa mune chiitiko chekuti chikamu chekubatana kwenyika dzeEurope, dzinozivikanwa nhasi seEuropean Union.9. Nguva pfupi yadarika yakawanikwa kune yakakanganikwa yemadziro
Mazhinji emadziro eBerlin akaputswa muna 1989. Zvikamu zvasara zvinosara zvakananga ndezvekuzvitsamwiswa kwekuparadzaniswa kweGermany. Nekudaro, chikamu chimwe chemadziro chakakanganikwa kusvikira yavhurwazve muna 2018. Nhoroondo yeChristian Borman yakataura nezvekuvapo kweiyo 80-meter chikamu chemadziro mune schonholz (Berlin's suburbs). Mune blog, rakabudiswa musi waJanuary 22, 2018, Borman akaudza kuti iye akawana chikamu ichi chemadziro muna 1999, asi akafunga kuchengeta chakavanzika. Zvino akazivisa kuvapo kwayo nekuda kwekunetseka kuti rusvingo rwuri mumamiriro asina kunaka uye anogona kudonha. Chikamu chakavanzika chemadziro chiri mugwenzi pakati pechitima njanji uye makuva.
10. Achiri kugovana kuGerman nhasi
Kuparadzaniswa kweGermany naBerlin kwaisave mukuvakwa kwemadziro. Chaive pfungwa, uye mhedzisiro yacho ichiri kunzwiwa nhasi. Kutanga, West Germany yaive capitalist, uye East Germany yaive muKomonisiti. Izvi pachazvo zvakakanganisa marongero enyika imwe neimwe. East Berlin kubva kumadokero Berlin inogona kusiyaniswa kunyange mumifananidzo kubva kune yakagadzirwa neAstronaut Andre Kyupers kuInternational Space Station muna 2012. Zvinonyatsooneka neaimbova East Berlin ine yero mwenje uye yaimbova Western Berlin ine yakasvibira mwenje. Musiyano wakapinza hwaive hwakakonzerwa nekushandiswa kwemhando dzakasiyana siyana dzemarambi emigwagwa anoshandiswa mune ese nyika (mwenje muWest Germany inonyanya kushamwaridzana kupfuura muEast Germany). Nhasi muEast Germany, mubairo wepakati wakadzika kupfuura muWest Germany. Sezvo mafekitori mazhinji muEast Germany aisakwanisa kukwikwidza nevanoshanda navo vekumadokero mushure mekubatanidzwazve, ivo vakangovhara. Izvi zvakakonzera chokwadi chekuti muWest Germany mumaindasitiri mazhinji vakamanikidzwa kuwedzera mubairo kuti vanokwezva vashandi vane tarenda. Mhedzisiro yeizvi ndeyekuti vanhu vachitsvaga kushandira kumabvazuva kwenyika, vanofarira kutama kuWestern kuti vawane ipapo. Kunyangwe zvikaita kuti kuderera kwekusashanda muEast Germany, kwakagadzirawo "Brain Leage". Kana kutaura nezve yakanaka side, kumabvazuva Germany inoburitsa marara mashoma pane kumadokero kweGerman. Icho zvakare mhedzisiro yemazuva eKominisiti, apo maGerternth eshusimusi chete idzo chete dzaive dzakakodzera zvachose, zvichienzaniswa neGerman kumadokero, avo vaive vasiri vehupfumi. MuEast Germany, zviri nani chaizvo kutarisira vana pane kumavirira Germany. MaEast Germans ane zvakare mapurazi akakura.