Amenyo ni ahantu hagezweho. Nubwo mubyukuri yahoraga abaho muburyo bumwe cyangwa ubundi, kera, kuvura amenyo akenshi byakunze kuba bidasanzwe kandi ntabwo bigenda neza. Kurugero, igihe kimwe abangamizi bari destoste de fortto, ikindi gihe kubabara amenyo yavuwe nimbeba zapfuye. Nubwo byari bitangaje gute, bumwe nuburyo budasanzwe, nko gukoresha inkari bwo kwoza umunwa, mubyukuri "byakoze."
1. Abanyaroma ba kera bakoresheje inkari kugirango bombishe umunwa
Abanyaroma ba kera bakoresheje inkari zabantu ninyamaswa nkamazi yo koza umunwa. Byari bisanzwe cyane kandi ni ibisanzwe ko Abanyaroma bakunze kuva mu nkono ahantu hahuriye ahantu hahurira abantu ku buryo abahisi bashoboraga kubateganyiriza. Guverinoma kandi ntiyabuze gukoresha amahirwe yo kwinjiza no gutangira abasoresha n'abagurisha inkari. Nubwo byumvikana biteye ishozi, uburyo bwo koza bwo kumunwa bugira akamaro. Ikintu nuko inkari zirimo Ammonia, ibintu bifatika bikoreshwa mu isuku yo murugo igezweho. Kurugero, inyandiko zamateka zarokoye ko Romanna yatumye Ignatius Amenyo ye yari umweru yankubise igihe cyose. Umusizi witwa Guy Valery Katull ararambiwe kumwenyura wa Ignatiya, yandikaga umuvugo, umucire urubanza. Katull yarakaje yavuze ko EGGANTILE yamwenyuraga no mu rukiko igihe igihano cyari kibi ku uregwa, kandi akamwenyura mu muhango wo gushyingura, nubwo abandi bose bari mu ruzinduko. Nk'uko Kattula avuga ko inseko nyinshi ari ingaruka z'indwara, avuga ko Egnato agomba kumwenyura cyane, kuko "nta kintu cy'igicucu kirenze kumwenyura."
Ibihe bya dentuti 2 byaturutse kumenyo nyayo
Amayeri ya kijyambere akozwe mubikoresho byubukorikori. Ariko, ibinyejana byinshi bishize, abaganga bakozwe mu menyo nyayo. Muri 2016, abashakashatsi bo mu Butaliyani batandukanye imva i Luka, mu Butaliyani, babonye inkoni kumenyo 5, bikozwe mu menyo nyayo y'abantu batandukanye bafitanye isano n'uruvange rwa zahabu, ifeza n'umuringa. Abashakashatsi basabye ko prostèse yakozwe hagati y'ibinyejana bya XIV na XVII. Iyunganzure nk'iryo ryabonetse muri Egiputa, kandi rizwi kandi ko erega errusks n'abaroma zagize prostèse ku menyo y'abandi bantu. Prostate yabaye rusange muri 1400. Abakene bagurishije amenyo kubabikeneye. Abajura imva bakunze kugaba ibitero kumurori kugirango bayobore amenyo kumurambo. Icyifuzo cyamenyo yabantu cyakuze nyuma yintambara yamaraso kuri Waterloo ku ya 18 Kamena 1815. Abenegihugu, abasirikari n'imishano bishimiye amenyo yose, bakuramo amenyo yose (usibye kavukire, byari bigoye cyane gukuraho, kandi ntibyari bikwiye cyane cyane protes) mu basirikare bose bapfuye. Noneho, "umuhigo" yoherejwe mu Bwongereza, aho binjije ibintu byose. Nyuma, "Amenyo ya Waterloo" yatangiye guhamagara amenyo yose ya kure ibisigazwa by'abasirikare bapfuye mu rugamba. Ibi byabaye kandi mu ntambara ya Crimée n'intambara y'abenegihugu muri Amerika. Nubwo byari byamamare, prostates yo muri ayo menyo yabantu ntabwo buri gihe aribyiza kuko ishobora kubora kandi ntabwo buri gihe ibereye mubunini.
3 amenyo ya kera
Westbbrusshes yagaragaye hagati ya 3500 na 3000. BC, igihe Abanyamisiri n'Abanyababiloni basukuye amenyo ku mpera z'umuti w'amashami. Igishimishije, amenyo yavumbuweho imyaka ibiri y'urumoginasi mu bworo. Byemezwa ko Abanyamisiri ba kera bakoze amenyo yambere agera kuri 5000 BC. Abanyaroma ba kera, Abagereki, Abashinwa n'Abanyabuhinde na bo bakoresheje amenyoSpaste, ariko rero byakorwaga uhereye "ibyo bari hafi." Ibintu byose byagiye muri uru rubanza - uhereye kumagi yamagi yatwitse mbere yivuka riva mu nzono zatwitse. Abantu babaho iruhande rw'ibirunga byongewe muri Phome, n'Abagereki n'Abaroma bo muri Amenyo bavanze ifu y'umumora wo kutitiranya amagufwa yo kutitiranya kandi ibisasu byongeyeho amakara, ibishishwa n'ibishishwa. Mu myaka ya 1800, amenyo asanzwe arimo isabune, hanyuma akana. Isabune yagumye ishyaka ryinyo yinyo kugeza mu 1945, igihe yasimburwa nibikoresho byinshi, harimo sodium laury sulfate.
4 imigati yahoze ari amenyo
Mu binyejana byinshi, byashobokagaga kujya mumisatsi rwose ntabwo ari umusatsi gusa, ahubwo ni ukunya iryinyo cyangwa gukora igikorwa cyoroshye. Icyakora ni uko imigati yanakoze imirimo y'abaganga b'amenyo n'abaganga, kubera ko ubusanzwe bari bafite ibikoresho bikarishye bikenewe kugirango ibikorwa no gukuraho amenyo. Nyuma, imisatsi yatangiye kwitwa umusatsi umusatsi kugirango amenyekanishe neza ubukorikori bwabo (ijambo "amenyo" ryagaragaye cyane). Mubisanzwe, ntamuntu numwe witayeho kubuza kurimbuka amenyo, nkuko abaganga b'amenyo babigira uyu munsi, ariko bakuyemo amenyo yashenye.
5 Ntamuntu wasukuye amenyo mumyaka ibihumbi
Niba udasukuye amenyo, noneho iyi niyo nzira imwe yihuta yo kubatakaza. Kubwibyo, abahanga benshi batangazwa nuko abantu bafite amenyo meza yimyaka ibihumbi ishize, nubwo bishoboka ko batigeze babisukura mubuzima bwabo bwose. Byemezwa ko abakurambere bacu bashoboye kubera imirire yabo. Barya ibicuruzwa bisanzwe, bitavuwe badafite imiti yongeyeho kandi irinda. Ibicuruzwa byabo nabyo byari bikungahaye muri vitamine n'intungamubiri, zikunze gukurwaho uyu munsi mugihe cyo gutunganya. Abakurambere bacu nabo bariye ibiryo byinshi bya fibrorous, bisukuye amenyo ya bagiteri nibisigazwa byibiribwa.
Adoal 6 irashobora guturika
Mu nyandiko z'abaganga b'amenyo ya XIX bo muri Pennsylvania, hari ibivugwamo bitatu bidasanzwe byo guturika kw'amenyo mu buzima bwe. Ibi byabaye bya mbere byabereye mu 1817, ibyuma rya padiri byaturikiye mu kanwa. Nyiricyubahiro yababajwe nububabare bukomeye bw'amenyo, byahindutse gusa, hanyuma iryinyo ritunguranye riracika kandi riturika. Ububabare bwahise bubura, umutambyi aryama. Urubanza rwa kabiri rwabaye nyuma yimyaka 13, mugihe iryinyo rya Madamu Redicia D. yaturikiye amaze kubabara byinshi muminsi mike. Madamu Anna P. nanone yaturitse mu 1855. Urubanza rukabije rwabaye mu 1871, ubwo undi muganga wa muganga wo munwa yabwiraga igisasu ku mugore utavuzwe izina. Igisasu cyari gikomeye cyane ku buryo intandamwa yaguye kandi ikanyerera iminsi myinshi. Ibintu bidasanzwe byanditswe kugeza muri 1920, nyuma yaho batazimiye mu mayobera. Abashakashatsi bemeza ko ibiturika byatewe na alloys ikoreshwa kuri kashe muri kiriya gihe. Abaganga b'amenyo ba mbere baremye alloys, kuvanga ibyuma, nko kuyobora, ifeza na tin. Izi siyanya zishobora kwinjiramo reaction no gukora ikintu kiri imbere yinyo nka selile ya electrochemical, mubyukuri kuyihindura bateri nto. Nanone, ibicuruzwa n'ibicuruzwa bikunze kugaragara akenshi ni hydrogen, bidafite aho bigeze bigeraho kandi yegeranijwe imbere n'iryinyo. Abashakashatsi bemeza ko hydrogen yaturikiye nyuma yuko imiti yinjiriro yibyuma byateje ikibatsi, cyangwa no gusa mugihe cyo kunywa itabi. Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, abashakashatsi bamwe bashidikanya kuri iyi nyigisho, kubera ko nta kimenyetso cyerekana ko abantu bagize ingaruka bafite ibyuzuye kuri ibyo byuma.
Amenyo yo kubora abarabura yafatwaga nk'Imiti mu Bwongereza
Isukari yabaye ibicuruzwa bizwi mugihe cyabatutsi, ariko icyo gihe yari ihenze cyane mu Bwongereza, niyo mpamvu abakire bidasanzwe byabakire. Abahagarariye icyiciro cyo hejuru bongeyeho isukari mu mboga, imbuto, imiti n'ibiriho byose bafashe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abakire ntibatinze batangira kubabazwa na caries. Urugero rutangaje cyane ni Umwamikazi Elizabeth, uzwi kumaboko ye aboze. Abambasaderi bo mu bindi bihugu baragoye cyane kubyumva, nubwo hariho ibirego byerekana ko ibibazo by'amenyo ku nkombe Elizabeth bishoboka ko byarakajwe n'inyo rimwe gusa. Tutitaye ku kuntu, amenyo ya Elizabeti yari afite, amenyo yumukara aboze yabaye mukuru mubakire, yahindutse ikimenyetso. Abakene bidatinze batangira kwirabura amenyo yabo ubwabo, kuko bashakaga ko abandi babitekerezaho.
8 Amenyo yumukara yafashwe kandi mu Buyapani
Amenyo yumukara yari afite imbaraga kandi hanze yubwongereza. Bitandukanye na Albor, aho isukari niyo itera, abantu bo mu tundi turere twa Aziya na Amerika yepfo byambutse amenyo nkana. Ibara ry'amenyo ryari risanzwe mu Buyapani rya kera, aho yitwaga "Okaguro". Ibyamamare bya Ohaguuro byageze heyday hagati yibinyejana bya munani na cumi na kaburimbo. Cyane cyane iyi myitozo yari isanzwe mu bastocrati bakundaga gushushanya isura yabo yera. Isura yumuzungu yatumye amenyo yabo areba umuhondo, nuko barabashushanya umukara. Samurai na we yashushanyije amenyo kugirango yerekane ubudahemuka bwabo kuri nyiracyo. Mubisanzwe byakoreshejwe uruvange rwurutoki rwirabura, abantu banywa iminsi myinshi. Uruvange rwarakaze cyane, ibirungo byakunze kongeramo uburyohe. Imyitozo ntiyatinze kwemezwa nicyiciro cyo hasi. Ohaguuro yabujijwe mu 1870 mu bijyanye n'ivugurura, abifashijwemo n'ubuyapani bwagerageje gukora ishyanga rigezweho.
9 imbeba zapfuye zo kuvura amenyo
Ububabare bw'amenyo rwose ni kimwe mu bisebe bidashimishije cyane, kandi abantu babababaje kuva kera. Abanyamisiri ba kera bakoresheje imbeba yapfuye kugirango bavure ububabare bw'amenyo. Bajanjaguye imbeba bavanga inyama hamwe nibikoresho byinshi. Igisubizo cyavuyemo cyakoreshejwe kumurwayi. Muri "Elizabetan" Ubwongereza, aho, abantu benshi bari bafite ibibazo nk'amenyo, imbebo zapfuye nazo zafatwaga imiti mu buryo bw'igitangaza. Bakoreshwaga mu kuvura indwara nyinshi, harimo inkorora, OSPI n'ijoro idakira. Kandi mugihe ntakintu nakimwe cyo gufata, imbeba yagiye kuzura pies.
10 delican
Ibyo bita "amenyo ya dental" ni igikoresho, kubwamahirwe, ntabwo ikoreshwa muri iki gihe mububiko bw'amenyo. Gukoresha kwayo kwari kubabaza cyane kandi akenshi byateje kwangiza amenyo no kumenyo. Abarwayi bakunze "kwakirwa mu nshyihamwe" bajya iryinyo rya kure ry'urwasaya rukomeye kandi batishoboye. Dental Pelican yabonye izina ryayo kuberako ko itibukije gato igitambara cya Beak Pelican. Yahimbwe mu myaka ya 1300 kandi ifatwa nk'imwe mu bikoresho bya mbere byo kuvanaho amenyo. Nkuko bimaze kuvugwa, imigati yakoresheje. Kubwamahirwe, abarwayi nta kundi babigenza uretse kwihanganira pelican ningaruka hafi imvune hafi yishingiwe, kuko niyo nzira yonyine yo gukuraho iryinyo ryangiritse.