Wittgenstein ku ishuri: Umuyahudi arashobora kuba umwarimu

Ludwig Wittgenstein, umwe mu bafilozofe bakomeye bo mu kinyejana cya 20, yakoraga urwo rwego rwo mu cyaro mu mashuri abanza mu mashuri abanza. Ubunararibonye ntabwo bwagize ingaruka gusa filozofiya ye gusa, ahubwo yerekanye ko umuntu ufite ubwenge budasanzwe bushobora kuba umwarimu mwiza.

Igihe cyo mu 1919, Wittgenstein yahisemo kuba umwarimu wo mu cyaro, mushiki we Hermina yavuze ko "kubigaragaza, n'ubwenge bwa filozofiya bwatojwe, nk'umwarimu w'ishuri ryibanze, ni nko kubona akabari k'ibiti."

Muri icyo gihe, Ludwig yamaze kunyura mu ntambara ya mbere y'isi yose kandi yanditse igitabo cye kizwi "- inyandiko, bitabaye ibyo bidashoboka kwiyumvisha iterambere ry'ibitekerezo bya filozofiya yo mu kinyejana cya 20.

Muri "VILOCH-PILOCHONIcal-filozofiya" yavugaga ko "imbibi z'ururimi isobanura imbibi z'isi": ikintu cyose kidashobora kugaragara mu rurimi rw'ubwoko bw'ubwoko bw'impapuro "ibintu nabyo kimwe kandi nibyo "- Tavtologiya cyangwa ubuswa. Kubwibyo, inyigisho "icyo bidashoboka kuvuga, kubyerekeye guceceka." Kurugero, imyitwarire ntishobora gusobanurwa cyangwa gutsindishirizwa: ukuri kwimyitwarire ntirushobora kugaragazwa - kwerekana gusa.

Ibyiciro, ariko, ntabwo cyari gisohoka, ariko burimwihariko, umwarimu we Berran Russell) Byaragaragaye ko hari umuntu ufite ubushobozi budasanzwe.

Ntabwo ari igitangaza n'ingengabitekerezo

Icyemezo cya Wittgenstein cyo kuba umwarimu wo mucyaro ntabwo yari umupadiri wigihe gito. Ubwa mbere, byari bimwe mu migenzo y'umuryango: umwe muri bashiki be yakoraga kumurikira abakene, undi yakoraga muri sosiyete y'umusaraba utukura. Icya kabiri, ibigeragezo nk'ibi byari bikenewe kugirango ukizwe mu bihe gihoraho.

Umugezi wa Tolstovist, Wittgenstein yakurikiye ibitekerezo bibabaje: Umurage munini, watanzwe kuri se - ibyuma - yambutse bene wabo cyangwa yatanze kugira ngo abagiraneza cyangwa batanze kugira ngo abagiraneza cyangwa batanze ubufasha. Ubuzima bwe bwose yagerageje kwigarukira cyane bushoboka mugihe ahangayikishijwe no guhumurizwa kwe, kutavuga ibintu byiza.

Byongeye kandi, icyemezo cye, uko cyemezo cye, cyagize ingaruka ku ivugurura ryishuri, ryatangiye muri Otirishiya muri iki gihe.

Iyo ingoma ya habsburgs yazanye amategeko arubahiriza amategeko no kwiyubaha Imana, ariko aho kuba inyangamugayo, ariko igihugu gishya cya demokarasi cyari gikenewe n'abaturage bashoboraga gutekereza cyane kandi bagakora mu bwigenge. Nubwo Wittgenstein kandi agasambanya ku magambo yo kuvugurura, yafashe neza imyanya ye nyamukuru.

Mwaramutse, Umudugudu!

Yanyuze mu masomo abarimu bo mu mashuri abanza, yagiye muri Alpes, aho yamaze imyaka itandatu ari imbere mu midugudu ine yo gutuza. Gusaba cyane nabandi, Wittgenstein birashoboka ko umuntu udasanzwe wabashoboye kumubona kubanyeshuri bo mucyaro.

Ku ishuri, Wittgenstein yigishije byose - kuva mumibare kugirango ushushanye na siyanse karemano. Imwe mu mahame y'uburyo bushya yari ihuriweho n'amategeko: Buri ngingo igomba kuba hari ukuntu ijyanye nundi.

Umunsi ubasanzwe watangiye imibare ibiri yimibare, bamwe mubanyeshuri baje kwibukwa amahano. Abana b'imyaka icumi bagombaga guhitana inyubako zigoye za algebrac, ubu zigishijwe gusa mumashuri yisumbuye gusa, kandi ntabwo buri gihe.

Hamwe n'ishuri, yagiye gutembera mu mijyi yegereye - Vienna na Gloggnitz - aho yajugunye abana imisozi ijyanye n'imiterere yubwubatsi, hasobanurwa uburyo butandukanye, yasobanuye amategeko ya fiziki. Iyo abiruka, binyura mu ishyamba, abigishwa bakusanyije ingero z'amabuye n'ibimera. Ikintu cyose bashoboye gusobanurwa amasomo yamashuri: uburambe nubunararibonye bwakiriwe nabana mubuzima bwa buri munsi byabaye ibikoresho byo kwiga.

Abigishwa benshi basezeranye Wittgenstein, nubwo yari umwarimu uhangayitse kandi usaba cyane. Hamwe na bo, yakunze gutinda, byatumye ababyeyi b'abahanga bahangayitse: bakeka ko ashaka gutinyuka abana mu mirimo y'ubuhinzi no kwimuka mu mujyi.

Wittgenstein yagerageje rwose kohereza abigishwa bamwe i Vienne nyuma yo guhabwa impamyabumenyi, ashimangira ko "babonye amashuri, bo n'ubumuga bazasumba." Ariko ntiyabigezeho muribi. Muri rusange, hamwe n'ababyeyi n'abandi barimu kuri Wittgenstein, umubano ntiwafashe imiterere:

Ndacyari muri trattenbach, kandi hirya no hino, nkuko bisanzwe, ubugome nabwo bwanga. Ndumva ko ahanini, abantu nta gaciro bafite hose, ariko hano baravuzwe cyane kandi badafite inshingano kuruta ahantu hose.

Kandi ibintu byose ntabwo byari byiza kubana: Wittgenstein yari afite ubwoba kandi akenshi yabagiriye nabi. Nubwo amahame agezweho yo kwiga, yakubise abana imigozi noneho haracyariho muburyo bwibintu. Ariko ikigaragara, ikigaragara, cyatumye imbibi, yitabaraga imbaraga z'umubiri, ntiyihana kubera inyangamugayo gusa, ndetse na we ubwe ntiyigeze ahinduka, ndetse abera afite ubwoba), abigiranye ubwoba. Umunyeshuri wumusatsi.

Amaherezo, ibyabaye byabaye, byagahatiwe igihagararo cyavuye kuri mwarimu: Nyuma yo gukubita byinshi kumutwe, umwe mubanyeshuri be yatakaje ubwenge. Wittgenstein yahise ava ku ishuri nyuma ashimishwa n'Urukiko. Urukiko rwaramushimye, ariko nyuma yimyaka 10, Ludwig ubwe yaje kubahoze ari abigishwa be gusaba imbabazi kubwimyitwarire ye yubugome.

Abahinzi yabonye mu midugudu ntibahujije ibitekerezo bya tolstovsky - baje kuba abanebwe kandi bafunganye n'abantu bafite ibitekerezo bigufi, bibizwa mu myanda isanzwe no kwitaho. Kandi mubana, bisa nkaho bidafite isuku, gufungura no kuba babitekereza. Ibi ntabwo yababariye cyangwa undi.

Ubuhanga n'abanyeshuri

Muri Cambridge, aho Wittgenstein yayoboye amahugurwa imyaka itari mike, yavuwe mu ruvange rw'ubwoba bw'amadini ndetse n'urugomo rwe rwihuta: umutuzo we n'ubwisanzure uzayobora ikiganiro umwe mubanyeshuri ndetse biyegurira ibisobe byumusizi:

Ahagarika kimwe muri Nasi nyuma yibyo, igihe kinini gitangaje. Birasakuza cyane nurusaku - uburakari buteye ubwoba! -Izi neza ko ari ukuri, kandi wishimiye ko uburenganzira ...

Niba Wittgenstein yabajije ibibazo, birashoboka cyane - abandi bahanganye nibibazo mubitekerezo bye, kandi habayeho igitekerezo cyabandi gusa nkikintu cyo kunegura - cyangwa ntibyabayeho na gato.

Benshi yacitse intege kwishora muri filozofiya, urebye igihe cyagenwe kidafite akamaro: Bamwe mu banyeshuri bagira inama ndetse bagiye ku kazi mu ruganda. Imirimo yumubiri, yavuze Wittgenstein, ni ingirakamaro mubwonko n'iterambere ry'umuntu, hamwe na filozofiya bishora mu bushake, mubyukuri bidahagarara.

Birasa nkaho yari Schizofrenic

Muri "amasomo ya filozofiya", umurimo wa kabiri ukomeye wa Wittgenstein, wasohotse mu 1953, benshi basangamo ibimenyetso by'imyitozo yo kwigisha: Ubuhanga bwa Pedagogi, ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwo mu bwenge n'ingero zo mu buzima bwa buri munsi. Duhereye ku rurimi rwa siyansi rushobora gusobanura neza ukuri, Wittgenstein yimukiye muri "filozofiya y'ururimi rusanzwe" - ku kuntu abantu bishimira kuvuga mu bikorwa.

"Ubuzima busanzwe" ntabwo bwariho - ibintu byose byabaye impamvu yo gukora ubushakashatsi no gutekereza. Hafi yagoye cyane kubaho hafi y'umuntu nk'uwo:

Buri kiganiro na Wittgenstein cyasaga nkumunsi uteye ubwoba. Byari biteye ubwoba. Buri jambo, igitekerezo cyose cyagombaga gukururwa, kubazwa no kugerageza ukuri. Kandi ntibireba filozofiya gusa, ahubwo bireba ubuzima muri rusange.

Wittgenstein, uko bigaragara, yahuye n'ubuzima bwe bwose mu bunebwe bwa Schizofrenia, none birashoboka ndetse no kunonosora ishuri.

Ubugome kandi busaba ubwabo, ashobora kuba isoko yo guhumekwa no gushimwa, ashobora gushyiraho intangiriro y'amabwiriza mashya kandi akagira ingaruka ku iterambere ry'ubumenyi bw'ikiremwamuntu, ariko ntabwo yari afite Umwigisha mwiza. Ibara ryungurura urusaku umwarimu ugomba kwitandukanya ninshingano zayo, kuri byinshi bifitanye isano no kumugaragaro kandi ntibisaba kubandi.

Wittgenstein, witwaga kandi icyitegererezo cyubwenge mubuzima bwe, yashoye rwose kandi ntashobora kubigura.

Byoherejwe na: Oleg Bocarnikishimmer ingingo: Newtonew