Nyakanga 17 - Umunsi wa Ernographe. Erekana siyanse ni nziza kubera ko kwibuka igihe cyo kubura abantu kandi bikunda guhimba ubwenge bwa veshic hamwe ninzuzi zamababi zifite amabanki yuzuye, bimurikaho gato kubibona byashize. Etnography hamwe nibitekerezo byimbabazi biratubwira kandi itubwira uburyo ubusanzwe abantu babaho kandi babayeho, badatanze ikiremwamuntu gukomera ku bishushanyo mbonera byerekeranye na felide ya zahabu aho kujya imbere.
Uyu munsi twahisemo kwibuka abantu batanu kandi ingenzi kuri siyanse ya ethnography y'abagore (neza, uyumunsi birashoboka mumutwe!)
Olga Petrovna segonova-tian-shanskaya
Umugenzi uzwi cyane w'Uburusiya na geographe Peter Peter Peter Perrovich Senonova Tyan-Shansky yari afite umuhungu ine. Ariko kugeza kera (mu ndwara yuburwayi), ntamuntu numwe uzi urupfu rwumukobwa we ko azinjira kandi amateka ya siyanse.Olga petrovna yabayeho ubuzima bwinkumi ya kera kandi yari ifite ibyo bigoye cyane. Yaje kuzenguruka imidugudu yo mu Burusiya maze ayobora iyi nyandiko yo kwitegereza, asobanura ubuzima, gasutamo, isano iri hagati y'abahinzi bo mu Burusiya itesha umutwe kandi muburyo bumwe, buhujwe na buri kintu gito.
Ibi byihariye, by'agaciro byavumbuwe kandi bitangazwa n'incuti ze, kandi Olga Ga Petrovna yishimiye amateka nk'umushakashatsi n'imwe mu nkomoko y'Imyitwarire y'Uburusiya.
Alice Fletcher
Mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda, ibyamamare bidasanzwe by'akazi ka Madamu witwa Alice Fletcher ntibyari bitangaje. Muri rusange, kwinjira mu bagore mu myumvire yatangaga ubumenyi muri siyansi, byerekana umubare wari wihishe mu mushakashatsi w'amaso - umuntu: Imigenzo n'imigenzo n'imibonano mpuzabitsina, ubuzima bw'abagore, guteka, guteka ... Turashobora kubivuga mbere yo kuvugana nabagore bo mu bihugu bitandukanye (akenshi bidashoboka ku banyamahanga), ubuzima bwabo bwa buri munsi bwakomeje kutagaragara umushakashatsi w'Uburayi.
Alice yagenze no kuganira n'abahagarariye ashingiye ku moko y'Abahinde (ni we yize), yamaze imyaka myinshi yiyangije mu migenzo yabo kandi agakurikiza ingeso zabo mu buzima bwabo, mu gihe Siou yabayeho mu buzima bwabo, mu gihe Siou yari yarabanye mu bahagarariye Siu. Fletcher ifatwa nkumushakashatsi wa mbere washoboye kumara abantu cyane kandi ndende.
Margaret hagati.
Umusore wumunyamerika yamenyekanye mugihe cya makumyabiri, yasohoye imyitwarire ya Polineziya, azirikana, mubyukuri, umwanya wumucungamutungo Franz Boas. Dukurikije inyigisho ye, imidugararo y'urubyiruko mu Burayi na Amerika bifitanye isano no gucika intege, kubuza urubyiruko mu mibonano mpuzabitsina. Dukurikije ibikorwa bya Minisiteri y'ububanyi n'amahanga (mugufi no kurariya), mu ba Polonusiziya, nta bibujijwe nk'abo byari biba mu makimbirane y'ibisekuru, ntabwo bwabayeho.Inyigisho zayo zarahanitse muri mirongo inani, ariko na none minisiteri y'ububanyi n'amahanga yashoboye gutanga umusanzu mu moko ishingiye ku moko, ku buryo buke bwo kwizirika ku ruhame rusange. Ukurikije ibisubizo byubushakashatsi bwabo, byagabanije amabwiriza atatu yo guhererekanya ubumenyi hagati yibisekuruza: kuva kumusaza kugeza kumuto, amaherezo, hagati ya bagenzi be.
Biragoye kwiyumvisha, ariko mbere yuko ivuga ko amabwiriza ya batatu, n utatekereje, kandi niba ihererekanyabumenyi idaturuka kuri mukuru, noneho nkubwoko bwo kugoreka no guhera kuri Amategeko.
Rusi Benedigito.
Umwe mu barimu b'umurimo w'ububanyi n'amahanga, Rusi Benedigito, ari umugani wa ENTNOGRAFIYA na Anthropologiya.
Ubwa mbere, niwe wateje imbere kandi akatangiza uburyo bwa siyansi bwo kwiga umuco mugihe udashobora kwibizamo (abanyamateka bamfashije cyane).
Icya kabiri, yize igihe kirekire kuruta imico gakondo itandukanye nindi, bituma buri wese muri bo atandukana, kandi ntabwo ategura igitekerezo cya Ethos, inkoni yumuco ituma idasanzwe hamwe nimiterere yose isa nuwaturanganye imico cyangwa yatijwe mu bindi mico.
Inga Andronikov
Abakobwa, umwe mubantu batatanye cyane kandi bose, bamaze igihe kinini kandi bahora batera inyungu, ariko yari kure cyane siyanse. Bashakaga ibishushanyo byabo byurukundo na Amayobera cyangwa Ibinyuranye, ubwoba bwabo. Kugeza vuba aha, Tsyganov yari afite ubwinshi bw'abantu ubwe, icyerekezo kibabaje cyane mu moko.
Bumwe mu bushakashatsi buhebuje bw'ubuzima, yizera kandi kandi budasanzwe bw'umunwa budasanzwe Roma (by'umwihariko, Abarusiya) yari umukobwa wa Soviet Inga Andronikov. Yari mu miryango ya Gypsy, yashoboye gufata urusaku rwo kwambara no gusiga inyandiko nyinshi zerekeye igikoresho cyubuzima bwimibereho mbere yuko kwibuka yari yarazimiye burundu.
Kubwamahirwe, inyandiko zayo zavumbuwe kandi ziyoborwa nyuma kurenza urupfu rwe. Bahakanye imigani myinshi ikundwa hirya no kubaho mubuzima na societe yabantu ba gypsy kandi bandika amakuru ashobora gusiga ubuziraherezo.
Icyitegererezo: Pixabay.com.