Umuryango wa psychologue wo mu muryango wa Biyelorusiya Pavel ZygGentovich Azi Kubwira n'ibintu bigoye cyane. Ubu rero yasobanuye neza intoki, kuki psychologiya ari siyansi, kandi ntabwo ari ubushobozi bwo gushyigikira umuturanyi we.
Kuri benshi, amakuru aracyari amakuru avuga ko psychologiya iracyari siyanse. Kuki?Kuberako bafite intege nke zingingo.
Ikiganiro cya psychologiya mu rwego rw'ikinyejana cya cumi n'icyenda - baravuga bati: Bati: Bicaye Porofeseri ushaje cyane mu bakuze mu ntebe y'uruhu, kandi yuzuye ubuswa mu itabi.
Birumvikana ko ibintu byose bikora na gato.
1. Siyanse ni iki?
Siyanse ni ibikorwa byumuntu bigamije gushiraho imiterere mukarere runaka. Ibishushanyo ni ngombwa, kuko Baratwemerera kubikoresha mubuzima bwa buri munsi, bityo bituma ubuzima bwabo.
Urugero, Louis Paster yagaragaje, icyitegererezo "kitangira kubera mikorobe", ako kanya bose batangira kwanduza amaboko n'ibikoresho by'abaganga, kugira ngo batazanza kwandura muri umurwayi (reba imirimo ya Ignatz Lazhelweisss na Yozefu Scoa). Urupfu rwabarwayi rwagabanutse cyane. Ingirakamaro? Kandi mbega ukuntu!
2. Ibishushanyo by'icyize psychologiya?
Igisubizo kiroroshye - Amategeko ya Psyche. Nibyiza, ingaruka zibishushanyo mbonera, birumvikana. Ubumenyi bwibanze buga uburyo ubwabo, bagasaba ni ugushaka uburyo bwo gukoresha ubu buryo mubuzima bwa buri munsi.3. Dsche ni iki?
Hano tuzaba dufite ikibazo gikomeye - ntamuntu numwe uzi psyche. Byongeye kandi, iri jambo ubwaryo rifite agaciro gusa imigenzo gusa, kandi ntirikiriho. Asobanura ikintu gusa mu muntu. Iki nikintu kidushoboza gutekereza, hari ukuntu mfata ibibera, kwitondera ikintu icyo aricyo cyose. Muri rusange, iyi ni agasanduku k'umukara, kitarashoboka gukora no gushakisha mu buryo butaziguye.
4. Birashoboka kwiga ibitasobanutse neza iki?
Yego, ni byiza. Abahanga mu by'imitekerereze ntabwo bonyine muribi, by the way. Ntabwo turi twenyine muribi - abahanga mu bya fiziki bafite ikibazo kimwe. Bazi neza ko hari ibintu bimwe (babyise ibintu byijimye), bidashoboka kureba mu buryo butaziguye. Basohoka bate? Wige ibimenyetso bitaziguye, nkingaruka zitandukanye za rukuruzi.Abahanga mu by'imitekerereze. Biragaragara neza ko psyche ari ahantu runaka. Noneho, wize umuntu kwigaragaza umuntu, urashobora gusobanukirwa uburyo bwimirimo yirabura ya psyche. Abahanga mu by'imitekerereze yo kwiga imitekerereze yo kwigaragaza mu buryo butaziguye. Ubu ntabwo aribwo buryo bwiza, ariko niwe wenyine dufite. Kurugero, ubushakashatsi buherutse bwagaragaye, aho bagaragaje ko ibitekerezo byacu bikurura urumuri rwinshi. Turareba ibimaze kugenywa.
5. Niutuki ntabwo yiga psyche?
Ntabwo mubyukuri. Neuroscience yiga ubwonko, kandi muri ubwo bushakashatsi kandi byaragaragaye ko muri staderi iriho, ubushakashatsi butaziguye bwubwonko ntabwo bufasha kwiga psyche. Mugihe kizaza, birashoboka cyane, biracyagaragara kwiga kwiga psyche mu buryo butaziguye, ariko mugihe tunyuzwe na mato - kwigaragaza bitaziguye. Ariko, no kuri ubu buryo bubi, hamaze bihagije bihagije, kugirango utihebe kandi ukore neza.
6. Nigute phspologue yabamutezo byoroshye psyche kugirango bigaragare mu buryo butaziguye?
Abakundwa cyane ni ubushakashatsi. Abahanga mu by'imitekerereze bafata amatsinda abiri y'abantu, babashyira mu bihe bimwe, hanyuma imwe mu matsinda ihindura imwe (imwe gusa!) Ibisobanuro birambuye.Kurugero, tugenzura imbaraga zazo n'itsinda rimwe tutubwira ko imbaraga za sizoza ari umutungo muto. Kandi icya kabiri ni uko ntagira imipaka. Noneho abitabiriye buri tsinda bakora akazi, kandi turareba uko bigenda. Niba nta psyche, kandi hariho ibinyabuzima byambaye ubusa imbere yacu, noneho itandukaniro mubitekerezo byimiterere yimbaraga ntacyo bizahindura. Ariko, hari ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko hari itandukaniro. Abantu batekerezaga ko ingabo zazo zihoraho, zinaniwe nyuma kandi ntiyigeze yitabira Glucose.
Rero, itandukaniro mubitekerezo ni ngombwa, bivuze ko ikintu gihindura imyitwarire yumuntu kubera amakuru mumagambo yirabura. Uyu niwo murimo wa psyche.
7. Ni izihe mpinduka mu myitwarire?
Uburyo buratandukanye cyane, ariko burigihe intego. Birashobora kuba umubare wamakosa mugihe cyakazi, umutobe wo kunywa, umubare wibinyobwa byubu, igihe cyo gufata mumazi akonje cyangwa ashyushye? Umuvuduko Wihuta, Ibikorwa byuruhu byumuyaga, gupima diameter yumunyeshuri (bifitanye isano no kwiyongera cyangwa kwangirika kwijisho ryubwonko), kugenda mumaso (esletografiya (eye-tracker) nibindi.
Hariho ibipimo byinshi, ariko burigihe bigamije. Ibipimo bifatika nkibidasanzwe nabyo birakoreshwa, ariko nkibikoresho byinyongera.
8. Abantu bose baratandukanye, ni gute kubyitwaramo?
Ibi birashoboka ko byoroshye muri psychologiya. Ukeneye gusa gutsinda amanota menshi mubushakashatsi. Niba dufite abantu icumi (batanu muri buri tsinda), uburyo butandukanye ntabwo bwihisha ahantu hose. Ariko niba dufite abantu ijana na batanu muri buri tsinda kandi bahora bakora ikintu kimwe, bivuze ko atari ukundi bitandukanye, ahubwo ni mubindi. Niki? Mu mategeko y'imirimo ya psyche, muri rusange kimwe kimwe nuburyo bwo gukora chimie nimwe kwisi yose.Niba kandi dufite abantu igihumbi, noneho ibisubizo birasobanutse neza, kuko ku cyitegererezo kinini, ibintu byihariye byahanaguwe ndetse bikomeye. Kubwibyo, abahanga ba psychologue bagerageza gukora ingero nyinshi zishoboka kandi ziratandukanye.
9. Birashoboka kwiringira ubushakashatsi bwa psychologue?
Ubushakashatsi buhenze buherutse bwerekanye ko bitarenze mirongo ine ku ijana by'ubushakashatsi bwo mu mutwe bikomoka. Iki nikibazo gikomeye, ariko iki nikibazo kinini cya siyansi yose. Ntabwo muri pschologiya gusa, ahubwo no muri fiziki, no muri biologiya, ibibazo nkibi birahari.
Iki kibazo nikibazo nicyo gipimo cya siyanse. N'abahanga barwana nabo uko bashoboye. Buri mwaka ubuziranenge bwubushakashatsi bwiyongera, ibisabwa nabyo bikagongana, kwikinisha ni bike kandi bike. Muri psychologiya. Hafi yibageraho, niko ubushakashatsi bwinshi bugenzurwa inshuro nyinshi muri laboratoire zitandukanye kandi ahantu hose byerekana ko byoroshye kubyara.
10. Niba nta mibare muri siyanse, ntabwo ari siyansi. Imibare irihe muri psychologiya?
Imibare muri psychologiya iri mubijyanye no gutunganya amakuru yubushakashatsi. Abahanga mu by'imitekerereze y'imitekerereze yiyemeje imibare yo hejuru, kuko Hatariho ubumenyi bwibiyiri, ntibishoboka ko mubisanzwe bituma ibisubizo byubushakashatsi. N'ubundi kandi, ntabwo ariba calculatrice, birakenewe kubitekerezaho. Hatariho imibare, psychologiya ntabwo.11. Nigute ibitekerezo biva muri psychologiya?
Ukwezi ni uko bimeze - mbere, umuhanga abona ubwoko bwa phenomenonononononi. Kurugero, hamwe no kwiyongera mubintu bitandukanye byibicuruzwa, abantu benshi bagura bike. Noneho umuhanga ashyira imbere hypothesis kugirango iganire ku rufatiro rwayo. Niba ubushakashatsi bwiza ari bwiza, hari amahirwe ko hypothesis ari ukuri. Umuhanga afite ubushakashatsi bwinshi (wongeyeho inshuti zarahiye ku bufasha bwamahugurwa) kandi, kurugero, muri buri kigeragezo cyemeza hypothesis. Noneho afata ibikoresho byubushakashatsi atangira gukora ibitekerezo byabyo.
Muyandi magambo, inyigisho ni ibisubizo byanyuma byubushakashatsi bwa siyansi, ntabwo ari intangiriro yacyo. Igitekerezo icyo aricyo cyose gifite ibikoresho bikungabaneza cyane, shingiro ryihuta.
Niba hari ikintu cyitwa ibitekerezo, ariko nta ubushakashatsi bwihishe inyuma, ntabwo uri nyir'igitekerezo, ariko ntakindi kirenze hypothesis.
Ihuza ryerekeye Ubushakashatsi - mu ngingo yumwimerere Pavel Zygmantovich
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