Ibintu 10 kubyerekeye ubuzima bwa ba sogokuruza, muri iki gihe bisa nkibidasanzwe

Uyu munsi, iyo usomye iyi nyandiko kuri ecran ya mudasobwa cyangwa igikoresho kigendanwa, biragoye no kwiyumvisha uburyo abantu babaga mumyaka 100 - 200 ishize. Uyu munsi, ntibishoboka ko umuntu ashobora kuryama ku byatsi, koza imyenda rimwe mu cyumweru no kuvurwa mu muntu utazimye ubuvuzi. Biragoye kugandukira, isi yacu iratandukanye cyane nuwo babwirakuru bacu benshi hamwe nabaseza benshi babaga. None, icyaricyo kimenyereye abakurambere bacu, kandi bisa nkaho bitemewe nacu.

1. Gukaraba imyenda intoki

Umuntu wese ufite cyangwa yari umuryango uzavuga ikintu kimwe kijyanye no gukaraba: ntabwo birangira. Niba ibintu byose ari bibi muri 2018, birakwiye gusa gutekereza ko twakaraba mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20. Noneho abantu basize amazi manini amazi hejuru yumuriro, hanyuma woge imyenda yose intoki hamwe nubufasha bwo gukaraba (ibi nibyiza) cyangwa bakomanze.

Ibintu 10 kubyerekeye ubuzima bwa ba sogokuruza, muri iki gihe bisa nkibidasanzwe 36282_2

Ahanini, imiryango myinshi yateguye gukaraba rimwe mu cyumweru, kandi ni wowe wenyine ushobora kwiyumvisha uburyo "impumuro" abantu muri kiriya gihe, kubera ko abantu benshi bakoraga akazi k'umubiri. Imashini imene ya mbere y'amashanyarazi, yise Thor, yagurishijwe na jando ya hurley i Chicago mu 1908. Kuva icyo gihe, ibihe byo koza imyenda yatangiye gusenya izuba rirenze.

2. Sinzira kuri matelas ya straw

Mbere yo kugaragara kuryama bigezweho, abantu baryamye cyane kuri matelas yuzuye ibyatsi. Mu bihe byashize, abantu basanzwe bakomezaga hamwe na matelas yinyenzi, kubera ko amababa yari arushijeho kugera, cyangwa byari ngombwa gusohoza umubare ukwiye wamababa.

Ibintu 10 kubyerekeye ubuzima bwa ba sogokuruza, muri iki gihe bisa nkibidasanzwe 36282_3

Muri icyo gihe, ibyatsi n'ibyatsi byari byose, kandi bashoboye kwishyura. Usibye ko ibyatsi byacitse, ikindi kibazo cyavumbuwe hamwe nacyo: amakosa. Udukoko duto duto tuvuye mu buriri bwibyatsi nijoro kandi twaratse abantu bananiwe ku munsi batigeze babibona.

3. Abana barezwe nta nyandiko

Mugihe kinini - bakururwa, kwemeza ntabwo byatungwaga n'amategeko yose. Byari, ahubwo, umuryango cyangwa kumugaragaro, ariko nta kibazo cyamategeko. Abakobwa benshi bakiri bato bari bagicukura rwihishwa kandi baha abana inshuti, inshuti z'umuryango cyangwa ingo z'abana, badakuzura impapuro.

Ibintu 10 kubyerekeye ubuzima bwa ba sogokuruza, muri iki gihe bisa nkibidasanzwe 36282_4

Igishimishije, muri Amerika, iyi myitozo yakomeje kuba ikunze kugaragara mubaturage b'abasangwabutaka no mu myaka ya za 1960. Ku ya mirongo inani na gatanu ku ijana by'abana b'Abanyamerika b'abasangwabutaka bakuwe mu miryango yabo kuva mu 1941 kugeza 1967, bakuriye mu miryango idafitanye isano n'abantu kavukire. Kugeza uyu munsi, bamwe muribo ntibazi neza ababyeyi babo.

4. Yabaye abaganga badasuye ishuri

Mu kinyejana cya XVII nta mahitamo menshi yo kubona impamyabumenyi ifatika. Mu burengerazuba, birashoboka guhitamo amasomo muri Edinburgh, Leiden cyangwa London, ariko ntibyashobokaga. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abantu benshi babaye abaganga bakoresheje sisitemu yo kwitoza.

Ibintu 10 kubyerekeye ubuzima bwa ba sogokuruza, muri iki gihe bisa nkibidasanzwe 36282_5

Umunyeshuri yamaze imyaka ibiri cyangwa itatu hamwe nuwimenyereza mugucuruza nicyo yakoze imirimo yanduye kuri mwarimu we. Nyuma yibyo, yemerewe gukora imiti yigenga. Ibi, kubishyira mu gatonga, ntibisa neza n'ubuvuzi bugezweho.

5. Kohereza abana ntabwo ku ishuri, ahubwo ni akazi

Mu 1900, 18 ku ijana by'abakozi bose bo ku isi bari bari munsi yimyaka 16, kandi uyu mubare wariyongereye mumyaka yakurikiyeho.

Ibintu 10 kubyerekeye ubuzima bwa ba sogokuruza, muri iki gihe bisa nkibidasanzwe 36282_6

Ubusanzwe ababyeyi banze kohereza abana babo ku ishuri (kuko byashakaga kuvuga), ahubwo abohereza ku kazi. Abana bari abakozi beza ahantu nka mines cyangwa uruganda, aho bari bato bihagije kugirango bayobore hagati yimashini cyangwa mubyumba bito munsi yubutaka. Abana bakoze akazi kenshi ko guteza akaga, akenshi bitera indwara cyangwa urupfu.

6. Twatwaye umuhanda tutagira umuvuduko

Nubwo mu 1901 muri Connecticut yemeje itegeko rigabanya umuvuduko w'ibinyabiziga bifite moteri 19 ku kirometero 5 mu cyaro. Kugendera ku muvuduko uwo ariwo wose.

Ibintu 10 kubyerekeye ubuzima bwa ba sogokuruza, muri iki gihe bisa nkibidasanzwe 36282_7

Amategeko ya mbere yumuhanda yagaragaye i New York mu 1903, ariko imigenzo yihuta ntiyagize ingaruka ahantu hose (urugero, kugeza mu mpera za mugitondo cyashize nta mbogamizi zabaye ku manywa).

7. Umwarimu bisobanura kwigunga

Igihe cyo mu kinyejana cya XX, abagore bubatse ntibemerewe kuba abigisha na gato, ndetse n'abagore bafite abana. Nubwo umugore aramutse aba umupfakazi, ntiyemerewe kuba umwarimu wo kwibeshaho no kubana. Umwuga wa mwarimu yavumbuwe gusa ku bagore b'abaseribateri adafite abana kandi bamenya ko abagore benshi bashakanye kugeza ku myaka 19 cyangwa 20, abarimu benshi bari bato cyane. Mu 1900, hafi 75 ku ijana by'abarimu bari abagore, kandi gushiraho kwabo ni ibyo ubwabo bize mwishuri.

3 ntabwo yari afite ibitekerezo byerekeye ingimbi

Uyu munsi birasa nkibitangaje, ariko muri XIX, amagambo "ingimbi" ntabwo yabayeho. Hariho abana, kandi bakuze, kandi umuntu yafatwaga undi. Gusa nyuma yo guhanga imodoka no kuvumbura kaminuza z'abantu bafite imyaka kuva mumyaka 13 kugeza 19 bizwi nkitsinda ryihariye. Aho kurongora bafite imyaka 15-16, ababyeyi batangiye kwemerera abana babo "gukura" ndetse no kumwitaho. Nubwo bimeze bityo, kurambagiza kera byabaye munzu gusa hamwe niterambere ryababyeyi. Nyuma, igihe imodoka zagaragaraga, ingimbi zabaye cyane ubwabo, kandi icyumba cy'urukiko cyahindutse ko muri iki gihe kizwi nk'itariki.

11. Inzoga ziri munsi yo kubuzwa

Kuva mu 1919 kugeza 1933 muri Amerika, niba umuntu yashakaga kwishimira ikinyobwa kimaze igihe kirekire kandi kitoroshye, ntiyashoboraga kugura icupa rya divayi mu iduka cyangwa kujya mu kabari. Muri iki gihe muri iki gihe nicyo cyitwa amategeko yumye. Inzoga zatangajwe ko guverinoma hanze y'amategeko kugira ngo "itahohotewe."

Ibintu 10 kubyerekeye ubuzima bwa ba sogokuruza, muri iki gihe bisa nkibidasanzwe 36282_8

Ariko, mubyukuri, kubuza kwahindutse abantu basanzwe mubagizi ba nabi, kandi abagizi ba nabi bari mubyamamare. Umusaruro no gukwirakwiza inzoga zitemewe byabaye ubucuruzi bwunguka cyane mu gatsiko kateguwe, byatumye bakura. Gukoresha inzoga mu buryo butemewe byafatwaga nk'ikintu "gisekeje kandi gishimishije." Ntabwo bitangaje kuba itegeko ryumye ryatesheje agaciro rwose kandi amaherezo ryahagaritswe ku ya 5 Ukuboza 1933.

10. koga n'umuryango wose mu bwogero bumwe

Ibintu 10 kubyerekeye ubuzima bwa ba sogokuruza, muri iki gihe bisa nkibidasanzwe 36282_9

Niba umuntu atagize amahirwe yo kubaho hafi y'uruzi, birashoboka cyane, nta mazi yari afite, kandi kubantu bose bo mumuryango byari muburyo bwo kwiyuhagira, kunguka amazi rimwe. Uburyo bwo gutunganya bwari muburyo runaka: Mubisanzwe umutware wambere wumuryango yogejwe, na nyuma ye, asigaye bose. Nibyo, ibintu byose nukuri, umwana muto yoza mumazi, ahari abantu benshi bamubanjirije.