Isi, Uburusiya na Moscou ku ikarita ya Vintage

Imyaka magana atanu ishize, iyo umuntu yatangiraga gushakisha isi hanze yuburayi, utabishaka wamakarita yishyuwe nubwiza bwigishushanyo mbonera. Imipaka zari zisabwa, ariko ibishushanyo kumirima birakomeye. Mermaide yareremba mu nyanja ya pasifika, ingamiya zarishaga muri Siberiya, naho Uburayi bwagereranywa n'umwamikazi, mu mutima wabyo - bohemia, n'aho ku rwego rw'ivi - Moscou. Isi rero ireba Columbus. 1493, admiral ntabwo yagarutse muri Espagne, bityo nta nzira y'uburengerazuba ijya mu Buhinde ku ikarita. Hariho Arabiya, Ubuhinde, ikintu kimeze nk'Ubushinwa, Afurika, imisozi ya kera ndetse na kutsaya cyane Uburayi. Bika ikarita ya Puff, Sim na Ham, no ku murima - abantu baganishaga, centaurs idafite ibirenge hamwe nandi maso menshi. Kubwimpamvu runaka, abanyeshuri ntabwo. Ariko intangiriro yikinyejana cya 16. Columbus n'abayoboke be bagarutse bafite imvugo irambuye z'izinga rya Espanyola (Cuba) n'inkombe y'iburasirazuba bwa Amerika (ariko, n'amagambo ntabwo yazanye ibi noneho). Kwakira cyane kwa cartograpfers ya kera - kugirango werekane isi nkinkunga. Aziya ni Pegasus. Ubushinwa ni umurizo. Istanbul - Konskaya Nostril. Amajyaruguru y'Ubuhinde na Pakisitani - Uzi icyo.

Mubyukuri, amakarita muburyo bwibinyabuzima yashushanijwe kutava mubujiji. Iperereza ryuzuye ryifashishwa irashobora kandi kwerekanwa nkumwamikazi. Espagne - Corona (imbaraga zikomeye za 16 - mu ntangiriro z'imyaka 17, kugira ngo ibyo byose bitari byiza, bya Bohemia mu maguru, bohemia nziza (cyangwa umutima, cyangwa igifu).

Umubare w'ubumenyi uriyongera, ikarito iratera imbere, kandi isi ifata imvugo hafi ya kijyambere. Iyi ni terlande izwi cyane orbis, isi ya Mercator, imwe mu bahimbyi b'amagare ya kijyambere, umuntu watanze ijambo "atlas" bisobanura - "Gukusanya ikarita". Ikiranga cyera ku mwanya wa Antaragitika, haracyariho Ositaraliya, ariko inkombe z'inyanja ya Mediterane irasobanuwe cyane. By the way, Abanyaburayi bo mu nyanja ya Mediterane bakoze ubushakashatsi "kuva" na "" gusubira mu bihe byaho mbere, ariko, amakarita n'amakosa yambuka hafi y'imyaka ibihumbi bibiri, kuva muri Ptolémée.

Ikarita ya Amerika Nicolaus Visser 1658. Ibisobanuro Bwuzuye Bwukuri bwinyanja yiburasirazuba muri Espagne ya Espagne yepfo, ariko kubwimpamvu ya California ishushanywa muburyo bwizinga. Rimwe na rimwe urashaka kubitekerezaho: kandi ntabwo byari bishimishije kubaho mw'isi ihuye naya makarita?

1651. Ikarita nshya kandi yukuri yisi "mubyukuri isubiramo ivuka imyaka igera ku ijana mbere yikarita ya Mercator. Mubindi bintu, hari ibintu bine, imibumbe ya alchemical, ibimenyetso bya zodiac kandi ukuboko kwa Nyagasani, ubika imirasire y'izuba.

Mubyukuri, aya makarita meza yose yari afite uburezi rusange. Kureremba no gutembera mu zindi Atlase, cyane cyane cyane kandi birambuye. Urugero, kuri iyi karita y'Uburusiya, Muscovya na Tartiriya bwerekanye ko mu majyaruguru y'inyanja y'umukara na Caspiya bazima, imiryango yo mu gasozi - Tartars, Sayomazya na Baida, ndetse n'ingamiya zabo. Afurika ihagaze neza, by the way, ntabwo ari dugrory yacu ya Aziya yatetse. Iyi ni imwe mu makarita ya Aburahamu Orel, umwe mu bagenzi bakomeye, abagenzi ndetse n'abaterankunga bo mu gihe cyabo. Gusa ku Burusiya, yari azi bike birenze kuri Ositaraliya.

Urutonde ruva Atlas yimijyi yisi Abaturage Orbis Terrarum Ikidage Brown na Hokerberg. . Horizon yuzuye, mumajyaruguru kubwimpamvu imwe hepfo - hepfo, ariko kutamenya umujyi bidashoboka. Hagati - Kremlin, mu burasirazuba bwa We - Urukuta rw'Ubushinwa-Umujyi, hirya no hino - umukandara w'umujyi wera (uburozi bugezweho) hamwe n'indi mpeta y'urukuta. Ntabwo uruzi ruto rwuruzi, ruzamura kremlin no gutemba muri moscou. Iyi ni itaravuka, ni Samonek. Uruzi rwajyanywe mu muyoboro mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 19. Ariko kuri iyi tade biragaragara ko ikiraro cya Kuznetsky kandi mubyukuri cyahoze ikiraro. Ifoto Ifoto: www.raremaps.com