Urukundo rushobora kuba umwe mubyifuzo bishimishije, bikomeye kandi bihindura uburambe bwibyabaye umuntu ashobora guhura nabyo. Iyi myumvire ihindura umuntu imbere no hanze, kuri buri rwego. Iyo umuntu aguye mu rukundo, imyitwarire ye irahinduka.
Ariko, iyi myumvire akenshi irahita, hanyuma igasiga umuntu "ubwuze kandi mubi" mugihe ibirungo byamarangamutima aragabanutse. Muri rusange, umuntu agaruka kuri iyo ngingo mubuzima bwe, aho yari mbere yakundanye.Noneho, mbega siyanse ya none ivuga kubyerekeye urukundo.
1 Urukundo
Byose bitangirana nurubata rwumwimerere gihinduka ikirimi cyuzuye - kandi ibi byitwa urukundo. Mubyukuri, ni urujya n'uruza rwa Neurotmitters, rugaragara, "kwigarurira" ubwonko no guhatira abantu gusinzira nijoro, kugira ngo tuganire ku buryo butagira iherezo, kugira ngo tuganire ku masaha 24 kumunsi nibindi. Igishimishije, nkuko bifatwa, abantu bamwe bonyine ni bo bashobora gutera nk'uwundi muntu, kubera ko "hari ikintu kidasanzwe kandi kibakwiriye." John Gottman umushakashatsi mu kazi ke "Amahame y'urukundo" avuga ko abantu bagomba kumva impumuro runaka kandi bumva "iburyo" gukora ahanini) gukora urujya n'uruza rwa Neurot Mys mu bwonko bwabo. Muyandi magambo, ntabwo abantu bose bashobora gutera iyi myumvire, kandi ibi bisaba ibintu bimwe na bimwe kumuntu. Mubyukuri, abahanga none ntazi icyo aricyo, ariko birazwi ko hariho impamvu zibintu zitera urukundo.
2 phenethylamine
Fenethymbemine, uzwi kandi nkamashaza, ni uruziga ruboneka muri kamere kandi ruzanwa mubwonko bwumuntu. Fenethymbemine Hydrochloride, cyangwa Phenethilamin HCL, igurishwa kumugaragaro mubihugu byinshi. Igishimishije, fenethIlamin mubyukuri ni ugutera imbaraga za sisitemu yimbuto, nuko umuntu yigeze gutekereza, aho umuntu afatwa nkimbaraga nyinshi mugihe cyoroshye ... We cyangwa ahari sida ". Pheromnes ni imiti igenerwa ibinyabuzima kugirango ishishikarize ibindi binyabuzima. Nubufasha bwabo ko ibimonyo biganiriye, kandi abantu bavugana kubwuburyo bwimibonano mpuzabitsina, ndetse no kuvuga ijambo. Guhuza iyi miti ni cocktail ikomeye ishinzwe kugaragara ko amarangamutima yose abantu bumva mugihe itangiye gukundana numuntu.3 Kuboha Kubuhongerazuba
Kureka Kurwara nana bizwi kandi nka Dhea kandi nindi misemburo ikomeye, irimo ubwonko, iyo umuntu atangiye gukundana numuntu. Nububanziho, kandi imisemburo, ubwabwo ubwabwo ntacyo bukora, ariko bushobora guhinduka mubindi bisemburo bifite ingaruka zikomeye kumubiri. Dhea ni aphrodisiac isanzwe yongera irari ry'ibitsina. Igurishwa ahantu henshi nkintangiriro yo gutanga ibitekerezo kubwiyi mpamvu. Dehydroepiandrosterone "kwihuta" umuntu ku nzego zose, harimo gahunda ye b'umubiri, bikaba koko bigira gishimishije uruhare mu rukundo, ndetse memory, imfungwa n'ubushobozi bwenge.
4 oxytocine
Oxytocine, umwe muri hormone izwi cyane yagize uruhare mubikorwa byose byibyiyumvo byoroheje, kuri ubu byizwe kubera ingaruka zubwonko bwumuntu (guhuza imisemburo nicyizere hagati yabantu). Oxytocin ntabwo yoroshya ishusho yibitekerezo, guhindura umuntu muburyo bwiza cyane ukurikije ibyaremwe. Byakozwe kandi mugihe cyo gutwita no koroshya uruhu. Oxytocine mubyukuri ihindura igitekerezo cyabandi bantu, bigatera gutekereza kubandi, kandi kandi bigira uruhare muburyo abantu batandukanijwe nabakunda, kubadakunda. Oxytocin itangira gutembera mu bwonko cyane cyane mugihe kinini mugihe cyimibonano mpuzabitsina, bifasha gushiraho umubano wizerana numufatanyabikorwa. Izi ngaruka zimara ibyumweru bike nyuma ya buri rukundo rusa neza kandi rukomeye cyane mumibanire nshya, igaragara.5 estrogene
Ubusanzwe estrogene ntabwo ari imisemburo yibukwa kubijyanye n'imibonano mpuzabitsina n'amatariki, ariko rwose bigira uruhare runini muri rusange "cocktail" y'ibinyabuzima bya kamere byuzuye ubwonko nyuma yo gutangira umubano mushya. Estrogene ifasha mubyukuri kubona umwuka wifuza kandi ikora muburyo bwingenzi mugihe umuntu abonye umuntu ushimishije. Estrogene ikozwe nabagabo nabagore bafite umubare munini (abagore bafite urwego rwayo hejuru), bahindura imiterere, bashimangira uruhare runini rwiyi misembuzi murukundo no kwishimira umuntu.
6 Vasopressin
Vasopressin ni imisemburo ishimishije cyane, igira uruhare muri faruri-karuvayi monogamy, yegera abakundana no gushyiraho isano ya hafi hagati yabo. Iyi misemburo ikora cyane cyane mubagabo. Vasopressin, hamwe na oxytocine, itangiza ibimenyetso mu bwonko, ivuga ko ukeneye "gutuza" n'uwo bazabana n'umuntu umwe gusa, aricyo kintu cyurukundo. Ubushakashatsi bushimishije bwakozwe muri Suwede bwerekanye ko gene ya 334, hari ukuntu bishushanya abakira ba vazupressin, barashobora kumenya urwego rwo kwizirika ku bagabo bafite igipimo kinini. Umugabo arashobora kugira kopi imwe cyangwa ebyiri za gene 334 (cyangwa kutaba kuri bose). Ubushakashatsi bwerekanye ko abafite kopi ebyiri za gene bageragejwe no kwanga cyane kwa Monogamy no "gutura." Birashoboka cyane kutarangirira, kandi bafite urwego ruto rwibihe nurukundo kubafatanyabikorwa babo. Abagabo badafite kopi imwe ya RS3 334, kubinyuranye, bahe bahitamo gushyingirwa, inshingano no gutura. Abagabo bari bafite kopi imwe gusa ya gene, hari ahantu hagati yiyi matsinda atandukanye. Kubwibyo, ibigize urubika hamwe nurwego rwamayeri rushobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye muburyo bwurukundo.7
Imiti yo mu bwonko ihujwe, ishyiraho ko Dr. Helen Fisher, antropropologue yavuye muri kaminuza rutgers, yita ibyiciro bitatu by'urukundo: irari, gukurura no gukundwa no gukundwa no gukundwa no gukundwa no gukundwa no gukundwa no gukundwa no gukundwa no gukundwa no gukundwa no gukundwa no gukundwa no gukundwa no gukundwa no mukundana. Inzira itangirana n'irari, irangwa cyane cyane n'urwego rwo hejuru rwa testosterone na estrogene mu mubiri. Iki gice kibaho nta gukenera umufatanyabikorwa runaka, kandi hafi yumurimo uwo ari we wese ubitera. Imiti yuzuyemo ubwonko kandi ituma umugabo ashakisha abo bafatanyabikorwa, uwo bashakanye kandi aragwira, ndetse no gushaka umuntu ushobora kujya ku ntambwe ikurikira muburyo bukurikira. Igitekerezo cyo gushaka umugenzi cyinjira hafi ya byose umuntu akora.
8 Ibikurura
Ni kuri iki cyiciro ko irari ritangira gushyuha hagati yabantu babiri. Icyiciro cyo gukurura nigihe cyurukundo gitangiye kwibanda kumuntu umwe byumwihariko. Akenshi, icyarimwe, mu rukundo bahangayikishijwe, igihe cyose batekereza ku ishyaka rye. Muri iki cyiciro cyinzira y'urukundo, Dopamine na Adrenaline "gucukura", bitanga ibyiyumvo bidasebya no kuzuza ingufu. Abahanga mu by'imitekerereze ntibasuzuma iki cyiciro bidafite akamaro, nkuko benshi babikora kenshi. Bavuga ko iki cyiciro gikenewe kugirango dukore urukundo. Nkuko mubizi, "urukundo rwa Slepa", kandi umuntu wurukundo abona ishyaka rye ritunganye kandi ridasobanutse, byibuze mugihe runaka. Abantu benshi bakomeje gutenguha mugihe iki cyiciro kirarengana, ariko abahanga bavuga ko ari ngombwa cyane nka "Ihuriro ryinzibacyuho" kuri stage ikurikira.9
Umugereka nigice cyanyuma cyurukundo mugihe umubano na mugenzi wawe bajya kurwego rwimbitse. Gusohora Inyandikorugero na Adrenaline Ibicu, na oxytocine biza kubisimbuza, na vassoransnin, "imisembure ya monogous", itanga ibimenyetso byuko igihe kigeze cyo kuruhuka kandi, birashoboka, kubyara. Birashimishije kumenya ko muburyo bumwe bwisi bwinyamanswa, iki cyiciro kivugwa "Kurinda Umunyarwanda", ushingiye ku ihame ushobora kugereranywa n '"kubaka umuryango". Mu buryo bumwe, umugereka uhora uhari mubuzima bwabantu nkigaragaza urukundo. Nkumwana, umwana ahujwe numuryango ninshuti. Ibi, birumvikana ko bihinduka mubuzima bwe bwose, mugihe abantu batandukanye babibona, amaherezo irangirana nakundwa. Noneho kwizirika kubana biragaragara.
Psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud yasobanuye inzira yo kubangamira urukundo, hakoreshejwe akamaro k'abantu bakunda kandi bitayeho biriyongera. Imbere nigice cyingenzi cyurukundo rwurukundo, rukomeza gushimangira isano yabantu, nubwo akenshi bibaho utabishaka. Kuri iki cyiciro, abantu bahuza no kwizera, indangagaciro, ibitekerezo, ibikorwa, imyitwarire no gusa. Ni kuri iki cyiciro ko kwizirika kumuntu birakomeye kuburyo nibintu bito biryoshye bisa nkaho bifite akamaro. Fililozopro yikinyejana ya XIX Friedrich Nietchesche yavuze ko imbaraga nyamukuru z'umuntu zishimangira ibintu, kandi niba utabikoresheje nk'imbaraga ziterwa n'ibitekerezo byo ku buzima, buhoro buhoro biba mu muntu. Nibyo, binyuze mubikorwa byo kwimenyekanisha, abantu babiri bakora ibitekerezo bimwe, ibitekerezo, irari, ibyiringiro ninzozi, bashobora kubaka ubuzima buzaza.