Chisangalalo choyamba cha dinosaurs chimapezeka konse asayansi. Anapezeka zaka zambiri zapitazo ndi anthu omwe samamvetsetsa zomwe amawona. Anthu akale anakhumudwa pazinthu zakale (monga momwe zimachitikira masiku ano). Ena adawona mafupa achisoni ndi munthu wamkulu kapena nthiti limodzi ndi nyumba. Zolemba zingapo zasungidwa, chifukwa cha asayansi amakono omwe amaphunzitsa asayansi amakono angazindikire momwe zimawonekeranso kale.
1. Nkhondo Yankhondo ya Zimphona
"M'mbuyomu panali anthu, mbiri yakale yachi Greek Safeni zaka 1800 zapitazo. - Pakati pa milungu ndi zimphona zidachitika kunkhondo. " Chifukwa cha soloni, ichi sichinali nthano chabe. Amadziwa kuti zimphona zimangoyendayenda pansi, chifukwa anali atawona mafupa awo. Analemba za mzinda wotchedwa Palleleni, pomwe, malinga ndi nthano zachi Greek, ma Hercules anawononga fuko la zimphona.
Malinga ndi zonena za Slona, nthawi iliyonse ikagwa mvula, mafupa akuluakulu a thupi ndi thupi adawonetsedwa kuchokera pansi. Kwa mbiri yambiri ya solona, amaganiza kuti fudge. Koma mu 1994, kumalo komwe kale kunali, munthu kumidzi adapeza china chake, molakwika, chinali dzino la chimphona. Pambuyo pake, zofukula paleontological zinayamba pamalopo mzinda wakale, pomwe mabwinja a mbalame zakale amapezeka. Popeza kuti Agiriki sanadziwe zokhudza kupezeka kwa Ma Matedontov, iwo adapeza kuti adapeza zotsalira za anthu akulu.
2. Madzi am'madzi amtunda wopanda zipatso
Fuko la ku India ku Lakota linakhulupirira kuti malo osabala Southern Dakota kale anali nkhondo yapakati pa epic pakati pa madzi, mabingu ndi mphezi. Mizimu yamadzi inali zinyama zikuluzikulu, zomwe zimadziwika kuti UCnteh, ndipo iwo anamenyera nkhondo zoweta za bingu lotchedwa mbalame, zotchedwa vakinyan, yemwe anawononga malo onsewa. Vakinyan adawotcha nkhalango ndipo adaphika nyanja ndipo sanasiye chilichonse kupatula dziko lotentha. Chokhacho chomwe chimatsalira, m'malingaliro a mtundu wa lakota, ndi mafupa a zoopsa zakufa, ndikunama pa shragm yokutidwa.
Mafupa awa alidi m'maiko opanda zipatso kumadzi aku Southern Dakota. Pambuyo pazaka zambiri, akatswiri a paleontiologis azindikira kuti malowa ndi gwero labwino la ma dinosaurs limatsalira. Kumeneko adapeza mafupa a madera am'madzi, otchedwa oazazezes, ndikuwuluka ma reptois, otchedwa mafinya, omwe adamwalira pafupifupi 100 miliyoni zapitazo. Amakhulupirira kuti nthano ya Lakota lidauka anthu atapeza zotsalira za zomwe zimapezeka m'madzi ndi mpweya, zomwe zinali kuderalo, lomwe kale linali Nyanja Yakale.
3. Cyclic uveth nonse xenophane
Sikuti zinthu zonse zonyansa zinali zolakwika zolengedwa zam'malo. Anthu ena m'mwezi wakale adayesetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ku "njira yasayansi." Pamene wafilosofi wachi Greek Xenofen adapezeka m'magawo amphepete mwa mapiritsi, adagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kuti analidi zotsalira za mollusks. Izi Zotengera Zolingana ndi Xenofan, zinali umboni kuti mapiri pomwe amapezeka, anali pansi pa madzi, zaka masauzande ambiri zapitazo.
Zinali zikadali m'zaka za zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi BC, ndipo Xenofan zinali zabwino. Koma adakhazikitsa ziyeso panthawi yoyambirira kuposa asayansi amakono asayansi. Amakhulupilira kuti dziko lonse lapansi lidaphimbidwa ndi madzi, ndipo munthuyo adatuluka mu ntchofu woyamba. Zikuwoneka kuti malingaliro awa si osiyana kwambiri ndi kumvetsetsa kwamakono a dziko lapansi. Koma wafilotoli anaumiriza kuti izi zizichitika mobwerezabwereza. Xenofan adatinso mpaka patapita nthawi dziko lapansi lidzatulutsanso nyanja, ndipo munthuyo abwerera ku dothi. Ndipo kenako adzatulukanso mmenemo, ndipo kayendedwe ka mbiri ya anthu yomwe idzayambiranso m'mbiri yonse.
4. Tyala Lakras Vishnu
M'mudzi wa Shalarama, panali mapiritsi ambiri otetezedwa zaka mazana ambiri zapitazo. Komabe, anthu omwe adawapeza adazindikira mosiyana ndi zomwe zili. Amakhulupirira kuti awa ndi a Chakras a Mulungu waizi anayi Vishnu. Mu Chihindu Vral Vishnu adavala disk disk imodzi m'manja mwake, wotchedwa Sudarshan Chakra. Zipolopolozi, pamene anthu adakhulupirira, anali opambana a Chavras Vishnu, wosweka chifukwa cha temberero la chiwanda. Ahitus wakale kwa zaka zambiri amadziwika kuti zipolopolo zam'madzi ndi zinthu zopatulika.
5. minda ya mphesa za chinjoka
Apaulendo aku China adawopa kuti awonekere kuchipululu Lachitatu. Amakhulupirira kuti ziwanda ndi maholatsi nthawi ina adayamba kulamulira pamadziwa, ndipo zotsalira za nkhondo zakale mu mawonekedwe a mafupa akomwepobe. Anthu aku Mednov adakumana ndi mantha apadera a minda yamafupa, koma si malo okhawo omwe adachotsedwa ndi mafupa a chinjoka.
Achichaina amakhulupirira kuti apezeka padziko lonse lapansi. "Ndi Jing" kapena "buku la zosintha", mlimi adalongosoledwa, wopezeka ndi fupa la fupa la chinjoka cha chinjoka ndipo adawaganizira "zabwino." M'zaka za zana lachiwiri BC, imodzi mwa njirayi imatchedwa "chinjoka chamadzi", chifukwa pamalo ano adapezeka ndi mafupa a chinjoka. " Wolemba mbiri ya Adrienneenne Meyor amakhulupirira kuti nthano izi zachitika kuyambira nthawi yomwe alimi omwe akukumba mafupa akuluakulu a nyama zosewerera, ndipo ali ndi zifukwa zomveka. Mwachitsanzo, mu 1919, mafupa a maudzu adawonetsedwa ku China, zomwe ena omwe adasungidwabe. Atafufuzidwa, zidapezeka kuti awa ndi mafupa a mitundu ya mahatchi ndi agwape.
6. pelopa fosholo
Msodzi wakale wa Chigriki nthawi ina adataya netiweki yake kulowa munyanja ndikupeza china chake chosayembekezeka. Icho chinali fupa loonda, loyera, lopanda loyera kuposa zonse zomwe adaziwona kale. Waopa pang'ono, msodziyo anatenga fupa, yemwe anamuuza kuti izi ndi zodetsa za madigirodi. Ananenetsa kuti lino ndi fupa la pelopa, mwana wa ku Tantialla ndi mdzukulu wa Zeus, amene, mwina anali tsamba kuchokera ku Njovu ya njovu.
Malinga ndi nthano, pelop idaphedwa pankhondo ya Trojan. Agiriki adabweretsa mtembo wake kunyumba, chombo chidagwa namondwe wamphamvu, ndipo thupi la pelupi lidatsukidwa m'madzi. Mfupayo idawonetsedwa m'Kachisi wa Artemis, ndipo asodziwo ndi banja lake adadziwonedwa mwa Amulungu ndikukhazikitsa "oyang'anira a Pelopa." Popeza fupa lidazimiririka mu 150 AD, lero mutha kungoganiza zomwe apeza munyanja. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti nthawi zambiri anali funde la mammoth opukutidwa kwazaka zambiri.
7. Mafupa Ayteya.
Zaka 2000 zapitazo, anthu aku Tangis (Tangier amakono ku Morocco) adanenetsa kuti mzinda wawo udamangidwa pafupi ndi manda a Anteri. Akuti adapanga mzinda wake ndikukhala pakati pa anthu kwa zaka zambiri, kufikira Herakl ataphedwa. Aroma ankaganiza kuti ndizachinyengo zamatsenga, ndipo pamene mkulu wa Roma adasankhidwa, adaganiza zotsimikizira kuti anthu akumaloko akulakwitsa. Anapita naye kumapiri a chimphona, omwe gulu la pakati nthawi yomweyo anayamba kukumba.
Mosadabwitsa mkuluyo, pansi panthaka anapeza mafupa a munthu wokhala ndi 26 metres. Gawo lidakakamizidwa kuvomereza kuti anali manda a umunthu wamtengo wapatali. Ngakhale zinali zosadziwika kale kuti zaka masauzande zapitazo, izi ku Kurgan ndi malo ophunzitsira a Pliocene, komwe adapeza zotsalira za ma mimoths, minda yayikulu.
8. Chingwe cha Black
Pakati pa 1300 ndi 1200 kale lisanafike, Aigupto akale adapeza matani atatu a matani atatu. Anapeza mafupa a miyambo yayikulu, yopanduka ya mvuu, ng'ona, nkhumba, mahatchi, antelope, njati ndi nyama zina zambiri. Masiku ano amadziwika kuti zinthu zonsezi zinali zakuda. Aiguputo atawapeza, ayenera kuti anaganiza kuti zinthu zakale zinali ndi malingaliro ena kwa milungu, kotero iwo anapita nawo kukachisi wa Seti, Mulungu wa mdima ndi chisokonezo. Chifukwa chake zotsalira za Mulungu kapena mikango yake ya seace inagona mu miyala yamiyala, wokutidwa ndi akapolo, zaka zoposa 3,000, komwe adapezeka mu 1922.
9. Nyimbo Zabodza Mahabharata
Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino zachihindu ndi nkhani yokhudza Mahabharata, nkhondo ya Epic pakati pa ngwazi, milungu ndi zimphona. Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nkhaniyi, zina mwazomwe zimafotokozedwa mamiliyoni a asitikali, mazana mazana a njovu, akavalo ndi magareta mbali iliyonse. Nkhondo itatha, matupi masauzande ambiri adatsala kuti azitha kuvunda pankhondo, pomwe ngakhale milungu idalumikizana. Shiva, Krishna ndi Rama adalowa kunkhondo, yomwe yafika pachimake pangozi ya Epic pakati pa chimphona chotchedwa Dirymadan.
Malinga ndi nthano, Bhimasna adang'amba kundulu ku mutu wake, kuchokera ku miyendo kupita ku dzanja, kale, pamapeto pake, adamenyedwa ndi mphezi kuchokera kumwamba. Wolemba mbiri Alexander Van Deer Deer akukhulupirira kuti nkhaniyi ikhoza kukhala ndi mizu m'madzi akale. Mapiri a Siloni, kumene nkhondo yakale idachitika, ndi malo omwe mitundu iwiri ya zinthu zakale zimapezeka. Choyamba, awa ndi akamba akuluakulu, masitayilo, akambuku, akambuku osenda oseketsa ndi miyala inayi yankhondo zinayi zomwe adamwalira kumeneko zaka makumi a zapitazo. Mwadzidzidzi, m'malo ano mulinso odzaza ndi makope a mkuwa anasiya nkhondoyi, yomwe zaka masauzande zapitazo kuwira pano. Van Deer akukhulupirira kuti Amwenye akale adapeza zotsalira za zida zakale mbali ndi mafupa a zoopsa zosayerekezeka, chifukwa chake, nthano yofananira.
10. "Zolemba pamaloto olimba" Shen Co.
Pamene Shen CO., wasayansi waku China, yemwe amakhala ku Adwary wa zaka za XI, adaphunzira zakale, sanawaganizire zotsalira za anthu achipembedzo kapena amatsenga. Shen Ko adabwera ndi malongosoledwe ena, omwe anali patsogolo pa nthawi pafupifupi zaka 1000. M'buku lake, "zolemba za maloto ake", wasayansi ananena kuti malowa amapangidwa kuti mawonekedwe a zaka mamiliyoni ambiri azikokoloke, komanso kupezeka kwa mapiri.
Posachedwa mkangano wake unayambitsidwa chifukwa zipolopolo zopendetsedwa zimapezeka m'mapiri a makilomita mazana kumakilomita kuchokera kunyanja. Kutengera ndi kukokoloka kwa mapiri ndi kukangana kwa mapiriwo kunasamukira zaka zambiri (makamaka, iyi ndi lingaliro lamakono la ma tectonic mbale). Kutengera nsungwi yophika, yomwe wandipeza Ku North China, wasayansi ananena kuti dziko lapansi lasintha kwambiri. Malinga ndi Shen Co., bamboo akhoza kumera pokhapokha ngati North China inali pokhapokha ngati malo okhala otentha (kachiwiri, lero zikudziwika kuti izi ndi zowona). Dziko lakumadzulo silinazindikire malingaliro a Shen Ko kupita ku XIX, i. pafupifupi zaka 1000.