Ludwig wittgnstentein, m'modzi mwa afashoni otchuka kwambiri a m'zaka za zana la 20, wakhala akugwira mphunzitsi kumidzi mu sukulu ya pulaingo kwa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi. Izi sizinangokhudza malingaliro ake, komanso adawonetsa ngati wanzeru wanzeru akhoza kukhala mphunzitsi wabwino.
Pamene mu 1919, Withgenstein adaganiza zokhala mphunzitsi kumidzi, mlongo wake Hemina akuti "kuti apereke, ndi malingaliro a wafilosofi wophunzitsidwa bwino, ngati chitsimikizo cha pulayimale, chimakhala chopanda chida."
Pofika nthawi imeneyi, Ludwig adadutsa kale nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse ndipo adalemba njira yake yotchuka ya fanizo "- nkhani yomwe sizingatheke kulingalira za kapangidwe ka nzeru ka m'ma 1900.
M'mutu wa "mfundo zomveka zonenedwa kuti" malire a chinenerocho amatanthauza malire adziko lapansi ": Chilichonse chomwe sichingafotokozedwe mchilankhulo cha mtundu wa malingaliro" momwe zinthu zilirinso Zomwezo ndipo "- tavtogy kapena zamkhutu. Chifukwa chake malingaliro "zomwe sizingatheke kuyankhula, izi zikhala chete." Mwachitsanzo, chikhalidwe sichingafotokozeredwe kapena kulungamitsidwa: mfundo zamakhalidwe sizingafotokozedwe - kungowonetsa.
Komabe, kuchititsa, sikunadalirebe, koma aliyense (makamaka, mphunzitsi wake ku Rustary Russell) Zinali zowonekeratu kuti pali munthu yemwe anali ndi luso lamphamvu.
Osati Whim ndi malingaliro
Chisankho cha Wittgensten kuti akhale mphunzitsi kumidzi sichinali wansembe wamba. Choyamba, inali mbali ya chikhalidwe cha mabanja: Mmodzi wa alongo ake adachita opaleshoni osauka, winayo adagwira ntchito pagulu la Red Cross. Kachiwiri, kuyesedwa koteroko kunali kupulumutsidwa ku kukhumudwa kosalekeza.
Kuphatikiza apo, lingaliro lake, mwachiwonekere, linapangitsa kuti zinthu zisinthe, zomwe zinayamba ku Austria panthawiyi.
Ngati ufumu wa Habsburgs udapereka chilamulo chooma komanso choopa Mulungu, ndiye kuti ndi demokalase yatsopano, yomwe ndi nzika zatsopano zomwe zingaganize mozama komanso mwamachitidwe. Ngakhale Ittgnstenstein ndikuseka mawu osokoneza bongo a kusintha, adamchitira zabwino kwambiri.
Moni, mudzi!
Kudutsa maphunziro a aphunzitsi a pulaimale a sukulu, Wittgenstein adapita ku Alps, komwe adakhala zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi m'zidzi zogontha zamapiri. Kudzifunidwa kwambiri kwa iwo ndi anthu ena, Wittgenstein mwina ndi munthu wachilendo kwambiri kuchokera kwa omwe adatha kumuwona kumadzi akumidzi.
Kusukulu, Wiftgenstein adaphunzitsa zonse - kuchokera pa masamu kujambula ndi zachilengedwe. Mmodzi mwa mfundozi wa njira yatsopanoyi adaphatikizidwa: Mutu uliwonse uyenera kukhala wokhudzana ndi winayo.
Tsikulo nthawi zambiri limayamba masamu awiri, lomwe ophunzira ena pambuyo pake adakumbukira modadabwitsa. Ana khumi azaka khumi amayenera kuti athe kuchititsa kuti ma algebrabic a Hargebraic Harces, omwe tsopano amaphunzitsidwa masukulu apamwamba, osati nthawi zonse.
Ndi kalasi, adapitilira maulendo apafupi kwambiri - Vienna ndi Cloggggnitz - komwe adataya ana mapiri a zojambulajambula zamiyala, njira zosiyanasiyana, adafotokozera malamulo a sayansi. Pobwerera, poyenda m'nkhalangomo, ophunzira adatenga zitsanzo za miyala ndi mbewu. Chilichonse chomwe akanadziwa kale magawo amasukululo chidafotokozedwa pazitsanzo zapadera: zokumana nazo ndi zomwe anapezedwa ndi ana m'moyo watsiku ndi tsiku zidayamba kuphunzira.
Ophunzira ambiri ankakonda zokonda za Wittgnstenstein, ngakhale anali woganiza komanso wofunsa kwambiri. Mothandizidwa kwambiri ndi iwo, nthawi zambiri ankakhala mochedwa, zomwe zidapangitsa makolo kukhala ndi nkhawa: Amakayikira kuti akufuna kuyesa ana kuntchito ndikusamukira ku mzindawu.
Wittgenstein adayesa kutumiza ophunzira ena ku Vienna atamaliza maphunzirowa, akuumirira kuti "atalandira maphunziro, iwo ndi manyowa adzachita zokoma." Koma sanachite bwino pamenepa. Mwambiri, pamodzi ndi makolo ndi aphunzitsi ena ku WittGenstein, maubale sanatenge mawonekedwe:
Ndidakali mu trattenbach, ndipo mozungulira, monga nthawi zonse, zowawa zimalamuliranso. Ndikumvetsa kuti nthawi zambiri, anthu amakhala osafunikira ponseponse, koma apa nawonso amatchulidwa komanso osalolera kuposa kulikonse.
Ndipo sikuti zonse zinali zabwino ndi ana: Wittgenstein adakwiya msanga ndipo amawagwiritsa ntchito zambiri. Ngakhale kuti mfundo zapamwamba za kuphunzirira, gulani ana ndi zingwe pamenepo zidakali mu dongosolo la zinthu. Koma Wittgenstein, zikuwoneka kuti, adadutsa malire: adayamba kuwongolera, ndikungolanga chabe chifukwa chongochita zoyipa, komanso zabodza (sakanakhala wowona mtima), Wophunzira wa Tsitsi akusowa.
Mapeto ake, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti ziphuphu zing'onozing'ono zizitisiya positi ya aphunzitsi: Pambuyo pa kupukusa pang'ono pamutu, m'modzi mwa ophunzira ake adazindikira. A Wittgenstein adachokapo pasukulupo ndipo pambuyo pake adakopeka ndi khothi. Khotilo linamupangitsa, koma patapita zaka 10, a Ludwig yemwe adadza kwa ophunzira ake kale kuti apepese chifukwa cha nkhanza zake zankhanza.
Anzake omwe adawawona m'midzi sanakwaniritse malingaliro a Tolstovsky - adasanduka ulesi komanso wopapatiza ndi anthu omwe ali ndi nkhawa komanso chisamaliro. Komanso mwa ana, zikuwoneka kuti zikusowa ukhondo, kutseguka ndi kumveketsa mtima kuganiza. Izi sanakhululukire kapena ina.
Nzeru ndi ophunzira
Ku Cambridge, pomwe Wittgenstein adatsogolera semina zaka zingapo, adathandizidwa ndi chisakanizo chachipembedzo ndipo chimawazunza mofulumira: Kuchita mantha ndi momwe adawonera mwa ophunzirawo mpaka adapereka ndakatulo ya ndakatulo:
Amasokoneza aliyense wa mbande pambuyo pake, kufalitsa kwa nthawi yayitali. Ndi kukangana mokweza komanso phokoso - mkwiyo woopsa! -Kutsimikiza ndi kolondola, ndipo osangalala ndi ufulu ...
Ambiri anakhumudwitsa kuti azichita nzeru, poganizira kuti ndi nthawi yocheza mosagwiritsa ntchito: Ophunzira ena pa upangiri wake anayamba kugwira ntchito ku fakitole. Kugwira Ntchito Mwakuthupi, Kulankhula Wittgnstenstenstenstenstenstenstenstenstenstenstenstenstenstenstenstenstentenstenstententententententententententen, kukula kwa ubongo, ndipo anzeru ali ndi pseudodble, yomwe sikuyimira chilichonse.
Zikuwoneka kuti anali Schizophrenic
Mu "maphunziro a fifodi", ntchito yachiwiri ya Wittgenstentein, yomwe idasindikizidwa mu 1953, ambiri amapeza njira zophunzitsira zake: Njira zambiri zam'maganizo ndi zitsanzo zambiri za tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuchokera pamaganizidwe a sayansi yomwe ingafotokozere zenizeni, Wittgenstein adasamukira ku "nzeru za chilankhulo" - momwe anthu amasangalalira pochita.
"Moyo wamba" sunakhaleko kwa iye - chilichonse chinali chitakhala chifukwa chofufuzira komanso kusinkhasinkha. Ozungulira anali ovuta kwambiri kukhala pafupi ndi munthu woterowo:
Kuyankhulana kulikonse ndi Wittgenstein kumawoneka ngati tsiku lowopsa la khothi. Zinali zowopsa. Mawu aliwonse, lingaliro lililonse limayenera kutulutsidwa, kufunsidwa ndi kuyesa kwa Choonadi. Ndipo sinkangodziwa zanzeru zanzeru, komanso moyo wonse.
Wittgenstein, zikuoneka kuti, adakumana ndi moyo wake wonse kuchokera kwa aulesi schizophresia, ndipo tsopano sizingakhale bwino kusukulu.
Agogo ndi kudzifunira tokha, akhoza kukhala gwero la kudzoza ndi kusilira, akhoza kuyika chiyambi cha mayendedwe atsopano a chidziwitso cha anthu, koma analibe mphunzitsi wabwino. Aphunzitsi a Overns Nolens ayenera kudzitunjikitsa yekha ku ntchito zawo, kwa ambiri amakhudzana ndi zinthu ndipo osafunikira kuchokera kwa ena kwambiri.
A WiricGenstein, amene amatchedwanso mtundu wa luso nthawi ya moyo wake, ndipo sakanakwanitsa.
