Chilichonse chomwe sitiganiza chikuwoneka ngati chophweka kwa ife. Mwachitsanzo, mwachitsanzo, manambala. Masamu akukhoza kukhalabe ovuta, ndipo manambala ndi mabajiji omwe amawonetsa manambala kuchokera ku zero mpaka naini. Zikuwoneka kwa ife kuti mwanjira ina ndipo sizingakhale choncho! Koma anthu otukuka amadziwika mwanjira ina.
Makalata a pawiri
M'mayiko ena, gawo la manambala lomwe limalemba makalatawo, chilichonse chimatanthawuza kapena magawo, kapena masauzande, mazana ndi masauzande.
Pang'onopang'ono, Dopurerovskaya rus ndi etiopia yodziwika; Kuwonetsa kuti zilembo zimayenera kuwerengedwa ndendende momwe manambalawo, chithunzi chapadera chidagwirizana nawo. Mu Russia, amatchedwa "mutu":
Palibe manambala zero mu machitidwe onsewa, ndipo ambiri aiwo sangathe kulemba manambala kuposa 999. Momwe zingakhalire zosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, zomwe zakhala kuti ziwerengero za materikizi zinalemba ndi ziwerengero zawo "zoperekedwa" zojambulidwa "zoperekedwa" zojambulidwa "zomwe zidaperekedwa" Ndipo chigamulocho chinachitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo la Babuloni. Dongosolo la Clinox Clinox. Apo ayi zinali zosavuta kubwera ndi chiphunzitso chatsopano cha afilofi kuposa kuthetsa china chake chovuta kuposa zisanu.
Zithunzi zosangalatsa za Aigupto akale
Amuna achiwerewere a Tutankhamon ndi Nefertiti anali ndi kalata wodziwika bwino - zomwe sizinkafuna kuti zisachitike, sanasankhe zifaniziro payekha. Chipindacho chinali chodziwika ndi Hieroglyph yomweyo yomwe mkhalidwewo, khumi ndi ziwiri - chidendene, chingwe-chophimba, chikwi - chikwi - chikwi - chikwi. Koma zikwi khumi kwa azungu ali osayembekezeka kwambiri, chifukwa ili gawo la thupi lomwe timayanjana ndi mayunitsi omvetsa chisoni - chala! Zikwi zana limodzi adalembedwa, koma Icon miliyoni inali yapadera. Anaonetsanso munthu amene amagwada ndi kudzutsa, ngati kuti akunjenjemera. Ngakhale, ngati mungaganizire, miliyoni ili pafupi ndi zana kapena zala chikwi.
Akazembe a Maja
Koma Mayatana anali ndi njira ziwiri zojambulira manambala. Mwinanso kwa anthu otopetsa komanso osangalala. Dongosolo la ziro za zirona lidalembedwa ndi chipolopolo, mfundo - mfundo, mzere, ndipo zithunzi zitatuzi zinali zokwanira kupanga nambala iliyonse. Kuphatikiza apo, manambala analembedwa pafupifupi ndi mfundo yomwei yomwe tili nayo, makina okha anali oposa makumi awiri. Ndiye kuti, cholembedwa ndi chipolopolo (10) amatanthauza makumi awiri ndi awiri (20). Ndipo khumi enieni adalembedwa ngati mikhalidwe iwiri (5 ndi 5).
Zipatala za ku Babeloni
Ababulo adagwiritsa ntchito njira ya miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, koma pang'ono, izi, kuweruza mwa kujambula, kunali kovuta. Ababulo ankasangalala ndi zero, ngakhale sanazione ngati nambala yosiyana. Ponena za kujambula mwachindunji, imayamba kulemera m'maso nthawi yomweyo. Timakhulupirira kuti kusakondwako kumapangitsa kuti asakhale mkaka, komanso mowa wabwino, chifukwa kukhala m'malingaliro awo, kumayang'ana tsiku lonse, ndizosatheka:
Aroma akale: okonda ndi ochuluka
Koyamba, Aroma akale monga momwe Agiriki adagwiritsira ntchito zolemba za zilembo za manambala. M'malo mwake, amangogwiritsa ntchito zilembo zina zokhazokha zomwe zimapangidwira ndi nsonga zanyumba. Mwa njira, inali gawo loyamba la kukumba m'makalata omwe sanakhalepo, izi zinali zofanana ndi zilembo za Roma, zala zakumaso ( I. - unit), kanjedza ( V. - zisanu, kuchokera ku etruscans kokha yemwe anali ngodya) ndi ma kanjeme awiri pafupi ( X. - khumi). Aroma amagwiritsanso ntchito kupanga manambala ndi zilembo. L. (50, zisanu ndi zitatu), C. (100), D. (500, mazana asanu) ndi M. (1000). Manambala ambiri amadziwika ndi kukhazikitsa makalata pamzerewu, owerengeredwa ndi 1000. Chifukwa chake, 5000 ndi V. (5) yokhala ndi gawo, 10 000 - X. (10) Ndi gawo, ndi zina zotero. Mroma wachiroma wakale ukutanthauza ngati izi: Mmxv. (1000 + 1000 + 10 + 5). Ndi njira iyi ya zolemba, mphesa yolekanikirako siyifunikira zero, kotero kuti zero yekhayo sanadziwe momwe Aroma a Aroma sanadziwe.Inki: Ma Heiles a kukumbukira
Ils anali ndi mitundu iwiri yolemba. Matchulidwe achikale, "Kipu") ndi mitundu iwiri, yomwe ili mawonekedwe a zikopa, masamba komanso zokongoletsera pazida ("Kilka"). KiPu anali ndi mitundu ingapo ya zovuta. Kujambulidwa kwa manambala kwa maudzu ndi akuluakulu onse. Kalata wamba anali ndi ophunzira (mwachitsanzo, akuluakulu - ma Inca anali ufumu wa Bureauctic), ndipo kalatayo ndi yovuta, yofunika kulembedwa mwatsatanetsatane - asayansi okha komanso osakhulupirira. Anasankhidwa mwachidule, anthu wamba anali oletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito. Ziwerengero, monga mawu, ku Kapa adadziwika ndi maulendo a mawonekedwe ena. Asayansi amakangana kuti Inca adagwiritsa ntchito nambala ya maola khumi ndipo manambala ojambulidwa, monga momwe timawasonyezera pa maakaunti - m'malo mwa mizere ya mfundo zomwe zilipo. Ndiyenera kunena, kuchuluka kwa Europe kwa Inca adaphunzira kuchokera ku Spaniards kwa Aspards nthawi zina, kuwapeza osavuta, omwe ndi otopetsa komanso opusa, komanso kunyozedwa moona mtima. Poyankha, kunyoza Spaniards kunali kuchita mwatsatanetsatane. Mbiri yabwino kwambiri yothandiza kwambiri Mbiri itasowa. Mwa njira, ma incas anali anthu oyamba omwe amagwiritsa ntchito akaunti iwiri mu Akaunti (adalemba ngongole ndi ngongole). Pogwiritsa ntchito mafoni, amagwiritsa ntchito lingaliro linalake la akauntiyo, Susan. Asayansi ena amakono amakhulupirira kuti Jupan adagwira ntchito pa nambala ya fibonaccia, yopangidwa ndi Ins, inde, nthawi yayitali Fibonacci.