Masiku ano, mukamawerenga lembalo pakompyuta kapena chipangizo cham'manja, nchovuta kulingalira momwe anthu akhala zaka 100 - zapitazo. Masiku ano, sizokayikitsa kuti wina akanagona chifukwa cha udzu, asambe zovala kamodzi pa sabata ndikuchilandira mwa munthu wopanda maphunziro azachipatala. Ndikosavuta kugonjera, kenako dziko lathuli ndi losiyana kwambiri ndi lomwe mkona wathu wamkulu ndi aphunzitsi ambiri amakhala. Chifukwa chake, zomwe zinali zodziwika bwino kwa makolo athu, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti sizivomerezeka kwa ife.
1. Kusamba zovala pamanja
Aliyense amene ali ndi banja lake anganene chinthu chimodzi chokhudza kusamba: sichitha. Ngati zonse zili zoyipa mu 2018, ndikofunika kungolingalira zomwe zinali kutsuka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 20. Kenako anthu anawotcha mapani akulu ndi madzi, kenako ndikutsuka zovala zonse pamanja mothandizidwa ndi bolodi yochapira (izi ndizabwino) kapena iwo adagogoda mwala.
Kwenikweni, mabanja ambiri adakonzanso kamodzi pa sabata, ndipo inu nokha mutha kulingalira momwe anthu onunkhira panthawiyo amathandizira kuti anthu ambiri amagwira ntchito yolimbitsa thupi. Makina otsukira magetsi amagetsi, dzina lake Trite, adagulitsidwa ndi kampani ya Rurley ku Chicago mu 1908. Ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, nthawi yochapira yochapira imayamba kuwononga kulowa kwa dzuwa.
2. Gonani matilesi a udzu
Kuwoneka kwa mabedi ofooketsa amakono, anthu adagona kwambiri matiresi okhumudwa ndi udzu. M'mbuyomu, anthu wamba adakhazikika ndi matiresi a udzu, chifukwa nthenga zidalibe kanthu, kapena ndizofunikira kuyimba kuchuluka kwa nthenga.
Nthawi yomweyo, udzu ndi udzu zinali zozungulira, ndipo amakwanitsa kugula. Kuphatikiza pa kuti udzu wasweka, vuto lina lapezeka ndi izi: nsikidzi. Tizilombo tating'ono tating'onoting'onowa tinkawaza m'mabedi a udzu usiku komanso anthu otopa omwe anali otopa kwambiri tsiku lomwe sanamve.
3. Ana oleredwa popanda zikalata
M'mbuyomu agogo athu akale, kukhazikitsidwa kwa malamulo aliwonse. Zinali, m'malo mwake, banja kapena pagulu, koma palibe vuto lalamulo. Akazi achichepere ambiri anali kukumbabe mobisa ndikupatsa ana kwa abale, abwenzi apabanja kapena nyumba za ana, osadzaza mapepala.
Chosangalatsa ndichakuti, ku US, izi zidakhalabe zofala m'madera a aku America aku America komanso mu 1960s. Makule asanu ndi atatu mphambu asanu a ana a aku America omwe adatengedwa kuchokera ku mabanja awo kuyambira 1941 mpaka 1967, adakulira m'mabanja omwe sagwirizana ndi anthu amtundu. Mpaka pano, ena a iwo sadziwa kuti makolo awo anali ndani.
4. Anakhala madokotala osachezera sukulu
Mu zaka za XVIIII zaka zambiri kulibe njira zambiri zopezera digiri ya zamankhwala. Kumadzulo, zinali zotheka kusankha maphunziro ku Edinburgh, leiden kapena London, koma sangakwanitse aliyense. Zotsatira zake, anthu ambiri adakhala madokotala pogwiritsa ntchito njira yophunzitsira.
Wophunzirayo anakhala zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu ndi katswiri posinthana ndi chindapusa ndi zomwe anachita kuti agwire ntchito zonyansa za mphunzitsi wake. Pambuyo pake, adaloledwa kuchita mankhwala popanda chilichonse. Izi, kuti ziuze Iwo modekha, sizimafanana ndi maphunziro amakono amakono.
5. Tumizani ana osati kusukulu, koma kuntchito
Mu 1900, 18 peresenti ya ogwira ntchito onse padziko lapansi anali ndi zaka 16, ndipo nambala iyi idachulukitsidwa m'zaka zotsatira.
Ngakhale mu 1901 Connecticut adatengera lamulo lomwe likuletsa kuthamanga kwa magalimoto oyendetsa magalimoto 28 pa ola limodzi (15 mph), madalaivala anali ovomerezeka Kukwera kuthamanga kulikonse.
Malamulo oyamba a chilengedwe chonse omwe ali ku New York mu 1903, koma zoletsa zothamanga sizinakhudzidwe kulikonse (mwachitsanzo, mpaka kumapeto kwa 1990s ku Montana kunalibe malire kwa nthawi yamasana).
7. Mphunzitsi amatanthauza kusungulumwa
Kumapeto kwa zaka za XX, azimayi okwatirana sanali kuloledwa kukhala aphunzitsi konse, komanso azimayi okhala ndi ana. Ngakhale mayiyo atakhala wamasiye, sanaloledwe kukhala mphunzitsi kuti adzipulumutse yekha ndi ana. Ntchito ya mphunzitsiyo idapezeka kwa amayi osakwatiwa okha popanda ana ndipo amaganizira kuti azimayi ambiri amakwatirana mpaka zaka za zaka za 19 kapena 20, aphunzitsi ambiri anali aang'ono kwambiri. Mu 1900, pafupifupi 75 peresenti ya aphunzitsi anali azimayi, ndipo mapangidwe awo okhawo ndi omwe iwo anaphunzira kusukulu.
3 analibe malingaliro okhudza achinyamata
Masiku ano zingaoneke ngati zachilendo, koma m'zaka za XIX Nyengo wa "unyamata "unalibe. Kunali ana, ndipo anali achikulire, ndipo munthu ankadziwika kuti ndi mnzake. Pambuyo poyambitsa galimotoyo ndi kupezeka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zaka zoyambira zaka 13 mpaka 19 monga gulu lina. M'malo mokwatirana ndi omwe ali ndi zaka 15-16, makolo anayamba kulola kuti ana awo kuti 'ale' komanso amasamalirana. Komabe, chibwenzi m'mbuyomu chidachitika mnyumbamo chokhawo ndi malo oyenera kwa makolo. Pambuyo pake, pamene magalimoto atapezeka, achinyamata adadzipatura okha, ndipo khothi lidayamba kudziwa kuti masiku ano amadziwika kuti lero amadziwika kuti ndi tsiku.
11. mowa pansi pa chiletso
Kuyambira mu 1919 mpaka 1933 ku United States, ngati wina akufuna kusangalala ndi tsiku lomwe amakonda pambuyo pa tsiku lalitali komanso lovuta, sakanatha kugula botolo la vinyo kapena kupita ku bar. M'masiku ano panthawiyi anali malamulo otchedwa owuma. Mowa unalengezedwa boma la kunja kwa lamulo kuti "osazunzidwa."
