Masiku ano, anthu amakonda kuganizira za ndakatulo monga zolengedwa zodekha, zachikondi kuti mitambo yotentha ndi maluwa akudwala. Koma izi sizomwe zimachitika nthawi zonse. Nthawi zina ndakatulo zina zina zinali zakale, zofooka, mowa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, zofuula komanso kupha nyumba, zomwe zidawapatsa mwayi wouziridwa ndi ndakatulo zawo. Ndani akudziwa, mwina ndakatulo zamakono zili ngati moyo wamkuntho, amangokhala chete.
1. Christopher Marlo
Christopher Marlo adabadwa pafupifupi 1564 ku English Cantbury. Kukhala wophunzira mphatso, adalandira maphunziro ku Cambridge. Komabe, posakhalitsa amasamalira pafupipafupi komanso kusowa kwa nthawi yayitali, kupeza marlo safuna kupeza digiri ya master. Koma kenako khonsolo lachinsinsi la boma la Elizabeti lomwe ndidafuna kuti wophunzirayo avomereze mayeso, nati ndi marlo adalemba ntchito "(mwachitsanzo, amangopenya).
Ofufuza ambiri anati MLLA amalemba zidutswa zambiri za Shakespeare, ndipo masiku ano zikuwoneka kuti izi zikuchitika chifukwa chodalira ntchito za Garlo. Osachepera, nthawi ya moyo wa Heinrich VI, wolemba ndakatulo adaperekanso ophunzira m'magulu atatu a Shakespeare. Ngakhale Marlo adaphedwa ali ndi zaka 29, moyenera kunena kuti amakhala moyo wolemera kwambiri. Ku Netherlands, adagwidwa ndi ndalama zabodza, zomwe amafuna kulipira ndi zoseweretsa zandale. Analemba zolemba pamanja, zomwe zimawonetsa zosagwirizana m'Baibulo, zomwe zingayambitse kuphedwa kwake.
Ndipo ankakondanso kumenya nkhondo. Pa Meyi 30, 1593, a Marlowe adadya ndi ingram kupita ku Boma la Frezer, kachiwiri "lotumikira ku Depford. Zikuwoneka kuti, panali kukangana ndi nkhondo pakati pa amuna awiriwa, ndipo a Marlo mwina "mwina" mwina "mwina" ali ndi mpeni pakhosi. Komabe, mtundu uwu ndi wotsutsana kwambiri. Pali malingaliro ambiri pazomwe zidachitika, kuphatikizapo kuti adapha yekha asanapulumuke ndikusintha dzina lake Wiliam Shakespeare.
2. Dylan Tomas
Dylan Thomas adabadwira ku Wales mu 1914. Amadziwika chifukwa cha ndakatulo Zake zabwino kwambiri ndipo amasewera ngati "nkhalango ya mkaka." Popeza nthawi zonse ankakhala pansi pa umphawi, Dylan anayesetsa kupanga ndalama pantchito yake, ndipo nthawi zambiri ankangobwereka kwa abwenzi ake olemera. Komabe, izi sizinalepheretse Tomasi kuti aledd kumwa mowa ndi akazi (ngakhale anali wokwatiwa, ndipo anali ndi ana). Anayendetsa zoyipa zake kunyumba kwawo. Amati dylate akazi amachititsa chidwi ndi indemeacy ndi chithumwa Cha Welde.
Mosakayikira, mawu omaliza a Tomasi anali motere: "Ndidamwa mulu 18 wa kachasu. Ndikuganiza kuti iyi ndi mbiri! " Kenako adagwera pansi mu bar ku New York ndipo masiku angapo adamwalira. Mu satifiketi yaimfa, chifukwa chifukwa cha chibayo, chibayonia, ngakhale amakhulupirira kuti mowa umagwiranso ntchito inayake.
3. Ambuye Bayan.
Nerge Gerge Gordon Noel, baron Baron Byron, adabadwa mu 1788. Mwina ndi gawo lokhazikika kwambiri la wolemba ndakatulo. Dona Carolina Lam adalongosola za Bairon ngati "wamisala, zoyipa komanso zovuta kumvetsetsa" chifukwa cha moyo wake wopwirira. Anali ndi gulu lankhondo la akazi odzipereka omwe adatumiza makalata ndi pempho loti apereke tsitsi kapena kumupatsa madeti achinsinsi.
Amati azimayi adathamangitsidwa ku Europe, wokhumudwitsidwa kuti akhale nkhanza zake. Koma "zokomera" ndi akazi si zonse. Bayron ataphunzira ku Cambridge, adasunga nyuzipepala m'chipinda chake ndikutenga kuti alowe naye kukalowa m'bwalo. Kamodzinso pamkanganowo unayamba kukwiya nkhawa ya Dardanelles (pakati pa nyanja zakuda ndi za Aegean). Kuyenda pafupifupi makilomita pafupifupi 4-5 m'madzi ayezi, zidawatengera kwa ola limodzi ndi mphindi 10.
Asanaphedwe, Byron anagulitsa malo onse ku England ndipo anapita ku Greece, komwe amakonzekera nkhondo yolimbana ndi Ufumu wa Ottoman. Pamenepo adadwala malungo ndikufa. Imfa yake inali kulira ku UK wina, ndipo mtembo wake unabwezeretsedwa ku England chifukwa cha maliro m'gulu la kubereka.
4. Philip Levin
Philip Levin adabadwira ku Detroit ndipo adabwera ndi kupsinjika kwakukulu kwa 20s ndi 30s. Abambo ake anamwalira mnyamatayo atakwanitsa zaka zisanu. Kuyambira ndili ndi zaka 14, adagwira ntchito yopanga, kuphatikiza pafakitale ya sopo, mikhalidwe yomwe Filipo imayerekezera ndi ndende yozunzirako m'gulu lake limodzi.
Ndakatulo zake zinali zambiri za ogwira ntchito, kotero Levin adatchedwa "wolemba ndakatulo usiku." Anali okonda Boyer ndipo, mwina, atayamba kumenya nkhondo ndi Actor John Barrymore ku Los Angeles Club. Atafunsidwa ngati nkhondo inalidi, Levin adayankha kuti "Barrymore adayamba kumene."
5. Perix BIsh Shell
Percy Bish Shelley anali wolemba ndakatulo komanso kupanduka. Iyenera kutchulidwa kuti sinapatsidwe ku Yunivesite ya Oxford chifukwa chotenga nawo mbali polemba "zonenepa" Brosha " Pambuyo pake, anathawa ndi mtsikana wazaka 16 ku Westbrook. Zotsatira zake, banjali linali ndi ana awiri, kenako wolemba ndakatulo adaponya Harriet. Mu 1814, adakonda Mariya Walstonth.
Shely anakwatiwa naye mu 1816, patangopita milungu yochepa pambuyo pa mkazi wake woyamba anamira. Pa Ogasiti 8, 1822, anamira pafupi ndi gombe la Italiya, komwe Aacht "anagwera m'chipululu mwamphamvu. Shelley adatenthedwa, koma mtima wake, monga zanenedwa mu nthano, adakana kutentha. Anamusamutsidwira ku mkazi wake, Mariya, amene anasunga mtima polemba. Anapezeka atamwalira.
6. Ernest Beemingway
Aliyense amadziwa kuti Ernern Heminumway anali munthu "wolondola" wolondola. Anali odzipereka ku Ambulansi ku Italy pa Nkhondo Yoyamba Yapadziko lonse komanso mtolankhani wa nyuzipepala panthawi yankhondo yapachiweniweni ku Spain. Anachita nawonso ufulu wa Ritz Hotel ku Paris kuchokera ku Nazi. Asitiemiyey adalandira mphoto ya Nobel m'mabuku chifukwa cha buku "lakale komanso nyanja".
Koma tikudziwa zochepa kuti heminumway analinso chidakwa chodziwika bwino. Anamwanso chisanu chisanu ku Havana ndi Martini ku Ki-West. Adabwera ndi chakumwa chake, kusakaniza kwa chapagne ndi champagne, komwe kumatchedwa "imfa masana".
7. Yohane andn.
A John Donn, wobadwira mu 1572 ku London, kunakhala kubulusa wa ku London ku London ku St. Paul. Zikuwoneka ngati osabisika, koma Donn anali munthu wovuta kwambiri. Atamaliza maphunziro, anapeza ntchito yothandiza khothi lotchuka, woyang'anira Royal, a Sir Thomas Ejrton ndipo anakwatirana mwachinsinsi. Nditaphunzira za ukwati, DANDA idachotsedwa ntchito ndikuikidwa m'ndende.
Mwachilungamo, ndikofunikira kunena kuti Donn anali munthu wokonda. Analemba zanyumba ngati "kwa alendo ake, kukagona", komwe kumawerengedwa kuti ndi "zonyansa." Komabe, Donna nthawi zambiri amaganiza wolemba ndakatulo wamkulu kwambiri yemwe adalemba za chikondi mu Chingerezi. Analinso pirate. Mu 1596, Donn adapita ndi kagwiridwe ka kaper kuwerengera kwa Essex motsutsana ndi Spaniards ku Cadis. Chaka chotsatira, adapita ndi Sir Rulter Ralya ndi kuwerengera malo opita ku Spain kudera la Azores. Mkazi wake atamwalira, pakubadwa kwa Donn mu 1615, anakhala wansembe. Kenako anaukitsidwa kwa wansembe wachifumu, kenako anachititsa kuti tchalitchi cha St. Paul.
8. Samuel Taylor Kalridge
Wolemba ndakatulo Samuel Taylor Kolridge limodzi ndi mnzake wapamtima, William Hithworth anali woyambitsa kayendedwe ka chikhalidwe cha chikondi. Kolridge adakhala moyo wake wamkulu kuti uzilowetsa laudanum ndi opiamu. Ntchito zake zodziwika bwino kwambiri: "Nthano za panyanja yanyanja yokalambayo" ndi "Kubla Khan" idalembedwa mothandizidwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. "Cub-Khan, kapena masomphenya m'maloto," malinga ndi mphete, ndinali ndi chithunzi "chachikulu kwambiri, chomwe chinali m'maloto atalandira opiamu."
Atadzuka, adayamba kulemba ndakatuloyo, koma zidasokonekera, kenako wolemba ndakatuloyo adayiwala mizere yotsalira. Kolridge adakhala moyo wake wonse mu umphawi. Ataphunzira ku Camblidge, ndalama zake zinali zovuta kwambiri mpaka analemba maofesi ankhondo omwe ali ndi mbiri yakale yopeka zopeka zomwe amapereka. Ngakhale kuti sikunasinthidwe kwathunthu ku gulu lankhondo, Kariger anakhala m'gulu lankhondo mpaka abwenzi ake ataphunzira komwe iye, ndipo adalephera kutsegula ku yunivesite. Posakhalitsa adayesa kukhazikitsa gulu lachilendo la Utopian ku Pennsylvania. Pambuyo pake, ku Bristol, adatsimikiza kukwatiwa ndi mkazi yemwe sankawakonda ndipo samasamala. Pambuyo pake, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kunakhala kovuta kwambiri kwa wolemba ndakatuloyo, pomwe adabisira mkazi wake. Karridge anamwalira mu 1834.
9. TSYU JIN.
Tsyu Jin anali wachikazi waku China, wosintha komanso wolemba ndakatulo, womwe umawerengedwa kuti ndiwe ngwazi ku China. Dzina lakelo limamasuliridwa ngati "azimayi-knight a galasi Lake," ndipo amatchedwanso "Chitchaina a Jeanne D'lingu". TSYU adabadwira mu banja lolemera ndipo chifukwa kuyambira ali mwana anali ndi maudindo ambiri. Komabe, anayeneranso kutsuka miyendo yake, kuphunzira singano ndikukwatiwa ndi munthu yemwe adasankha banja lake. Anayamba kumwa ndikuphunzira kumenya nkhondo ya malupanga, ndipo mu 1904, anasintha kukhala munthu, Tsuyu Jin anagulitsa zodzikongoletsera zake ndikuponya iye mwamuna wake ndi ana.
Adasamukira ku Japan ndipo adalumikizana ndi zosintha taiwanese. Amati qiu anali wamahatchi yaluso komanso wankhondo, wokhoza kuchita masewera andewu. Adalemba ndakatulo zachikazi ndi zosintha. Pa Julayi 15, 1907, ndakatulo idadulidwa mutu ndili ndi zaka 31 pa milandu kuti igwetse mzera wa Qing Qing.
10. John Winmot, 2nd Qualing Rochester
Mwachilungamo, ndikofunikira kunena kuti John Wilmot, sekondi yachiwiri rochester, anali akadali concundrel. Kuchita zaluso zake sikumangokhala kumalire ndi zolaula, iye anadutsa mzerewo. Ntchito zake zidatsala pang'ono kuphunziridwa zogonana, zomwe zitha kufotokoza chifukwa chake Wilmot adamwalira ndi Syphilis zaka 33. Chikhumbo chake chinali chofananira kupatula zoledzeretsa.
Akangoganiza kuti Yohane ankaukira ndakatulo You John wouma, yemwe anthu osadziwika adamenyedwa mwankhanza pamsewu. Ngakhale zonsezi, Rochester inali njira ina yomwe imakonda kwambiri ya Mfumu II. Komabe, kuwerengera rokeche sikunayamikire zokomera mfumu. Adalemba "Satira wa Charles II", komwe kunali nthabwala zakuthwa za kukula ndi zida "zida" za mfumu, komanso zaluso zake ngati mkulu wa sava.
Pomaliza, a Rochester adalemba ndakatulo yotchedwa "Senor Dildo". Ikunena kuti azimayi ambiri ku Khotilo, omwe anali pafupi ndi mfumu, amakonda munthu wina wotchedwa Dildo. Mfumuyo idafunsa kuti awone ndakatuloyo, koma rochester adapereka ku Karl Satora, adalemba za iye. Poyamba, mfumuyo inaganiza kuti kupha chithunzi chodzidzimutsa, koma kenako anali wopatutsa kubwalo lake. Rochester adakakamizidwa kupita kwawo kwa mkazi wake, omwe adanyoza.