Zaka mazana asanu zapitazo, munthu atangoyamba kufufuzadziko lomwe kuli kunja kwa Europe, kulondola kwa makhadi kunalipidwa ndi kukongola kwa kapangidwe kake. Malirewo anali ogwirizana, koma zojambula paminda ndizabwino. Amuna a Mermaid adayandama ku Pacific Ocean, ngamila zidadyedwa ku Siberia, ndipo Europe idawonetsedwa ndi mfumukazi, mu mtima womwe - bohemia, ndi pena pake. Chifukwa chake dziko lapansi lidayang'ana ku Columbus. 1493, Adval sanabwererenso ku Spain, kotero kulibe njira ya kumadzulo kupita ku India pamapupo. Pali Arabia, India, china chonga China, Africa, mapiri a Ural ndi ena ku Europe. Sungani mapu a Puff, Sim ndi Hamu, ndi m'minda - anthu amisala, nyumba yopanda khomo ndi zimphona zina. Pazifukwa zina, ana sali. Koma chiyambi cha zaka za zana la 16. Columbus ndi otsatira ake adabweranso ndi mawu atsatanetsatane pachilumba cha Espanyola (Cuba) ndi Eastern Coast of America (komabe, ndipo mawu sanabwerezenso? Kulandiridwa komwe amakonda kwa antiquity antiogomers - kuwonetsera dziko ngati fanizo. Asia ndi Pegasus. China ndi mchira. Istanbul - konskaya mphuno. Northern India ndi Pakistan - mukudziwa.
M'malo mwake, makadi omwe ali ndi moyo sanatuluke pa umbuli. Kufufuza kwathunthu ku Europe kungaonekerenso ngati mfumukazi. Spain - Corona (Mphamvu yamphamvu kwambiri ya 16 - koyambirira kwa zaka za zana la 17, kotero kuti zonsezi sizabwino, mizimu yabwino kwambiri mu miyendo, book republic) - kapena mtima, kapena m'mimba, kapena m'mimba, kapena m'mimba, kapena m'mimba, kapena m'mimba, kapena m'mimba, kapena m'mimba, kapena m'mimba).
Chiwerengero cha chidziwitso chikuwonjezeka, zojambulazo zikukula, ndipo dziko lapansi limatenga zolembedwa zamakono. Ili ndiye gulu lotchuka la orbis, dziko la Mercator, lomwe limayambitsa nyumba zamakono, bambo, makamaka, lomwe limapereka mawu oti "Atlas" amatanthauza - "Card". Zoyera zoyera pamalo a Antarctica, palibe Australia, koma m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Mediterranean zafotokozedwa kwambiri. Mwa njira, a ku Nyanja ya ku Mediterranean anafufuza "ndi" kuti "abwerere nthawi yakale, komabe, makhadi okhala ndi zolakwa anadutsa pafupifupi Milleninia awiri, kuyambira nthawi ya Ptolemy.
Mapa A America Nicolaus Visser 1658. Kulongosola koyenera kwa gombe lakum'mawa ndi ku Spain South America, koma pazifukwa zina California akuwonetsedwa mu mawonekedwe achilumbachi. Nthawi zina mukufuna kuganiza za izi: ndipo sizingakhale zosangalatsa kukhala mdziko lofanana ndi makhadi awa?
1651 Chaka. Mapu "atsopano komanso olondola a dziko lapansi" amangobwereza chifukwa cha zaka zana khadi la Mercator pamaso pa Mercator's khadi ya Mercator. Mwa zina, pali zinthu zinayi, mapulaneti a alchemical, zizindikiro za zodiac ndi dzanja la Ambuye, yemwe amasunga dzuwa la dzuwa.
M'malo mwake, makhadi onsewa anali ndi maphunziro ambiri. Imayandama ndikuyenda m'matanthwe ena, osawerengeka komanso mwatsatanetsatane. Mwachitsanzo, pamapu a ku Russia, Ascovy ndi Tartia adangoonetsa kuti kumpoto kwa nyanja zakuda ndi zaspian kumakhala ndi miyambo, ma tarsi, komanso ngamila zawo. Mmodzi wotsutsana ndi Africa, mwa njira, osatinso mipiringidzo yathu ya Asia yophika. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa mamapu a Abrahal Orel, m'modzi mwa ojambula ojambula, apaulendo ndi ophikira nthawi yawo. Pafupifupi Russia, anadziwa zambiri kuposa za ku Australia.
Lembani kuchokera ku Atlas of World Mizinda Chuma cha Orbis Darrar Curran Brown ndi Hokerberg. . Mapetowa amathiridwa, kumpoto pamalingaliro ena pansi, koma osadziwa kuti mzindawu sungathe. Pakatikati - Kremlin, kum'mawa kwa iye - khoma la China - City, kuzungulira - lamba wa mzinda woyera (mphete ina ya Boulevard) ndi mphete ina. Kalulu kakang'ono kamtsinjewu, ukuthamangitsa krelin ndikuyenda ku Moscow. Uyu ndi wosabadwa, iye ndi Sampo. Mtsinjewo unatengedwa mu chitoliro kumayambiriro kwa zaka za zana la 19. Koma pamapuwa zikuonekeratu kuti mlatho wa ku Kuznetsky ndipo makamaka ndidalipo mlatho. Chithunzithunzi: www.rapops.com
