Buku la "Makhalidwe ndi Maonedwe a Gulu Labwino" 1879 linali chikhazikitso cha "chowongolera" ku zakudya zathanzi. Linafotokoza momwe zinali zofunika kuchita pagome ku Entcroria era, komanso momwe angayang'anire zakudya zambiri za nthawi imeneyo.
Mwachitsanzo, kugwira chakudya ndi manja opanda kanthu kunali kovomerezeka. Chifukwa chake, aliyense anayenera kuphunzira kuzindikira zida zosiyanasiyana zomwe tebulo limakonzedwa, komanso kudziwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito. Ndipo chinali ntchito yovuta kwambiri.1. Malilime a shuga
Ku Entranoria England, shuga adagulitsidwa makamaka m'masitolo otchinga mu mawonekedwe a "mitu ya shuga". Nthawi zambiri m'mabanja olemera, nyumba zamphongo zochokera ku mutu wa shuga "ndizoyenera kuchita phwando, mothandizidwa ndi matupi apadera. Mwayi wofananawo unapangidwa mwangozi, monga shuga anali wokwera mtengo kwambiri ndipo amasungidwa pansi pa loko. Shuga ali ngati china chonga china chonga, chokha chokha chokhacho, chomwe chinali bwino "kusanja" sakhara. Nthawi zambiri, adapangidwa ndi zitsulo zachitsulo, koma zokongola komanso zodula komanso zodula zasiliva, zokongoletsera ndi zojambula zambiri.
2. Mafoloko a nkhono
Ku Ectoria England, nthumwi za makalasi otsika nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito nkhono. Anatcha "anthu" nsomba za khoma "ndipo amatumizidwa ku Pubs ngati chakudya. Chifukwa chake, nkhonozo zidadya osati kungodziwa Chifalansa, anthu ambiri amaganiza masiku ano. Nkhovuzo nthawi zambiri zimasungidwa m'dzanja limodzi ndi chopukutira (kapena popanda icho), ndipo nyama ya kuzama idakongoletsedwe ndi foloko yapadera, yomwe idasungidwa mbali inayo. Kupambana nthawi zambiri, amakhulupirira kuti nyama ya nkhono imatha kuchiritsa chifuwa chachikulu (chomwe chinali chofala kwambiri), ndipo ngati pali riw.
3. Supuni ya Mafupa
Kudera la Victoria, amadziwika kuti ndi malo obisika kuti ayama ubongo wochokera m'mafupa (ndipo mbale za nyama zinayamba kutumikiridwa nthawi zambiri). Chifukwa chake, ku Britain koyambirira, yemwe sanali wopanda chidwi ndi kusangalatsa kumeneku, adapanga supuni yapadera kuti ichotse fupa kuchokera m'mafupa, osanyoza makasitomala omwe ali pachiwopsezo. Zovala zoterezi zidalipo kuyambira pakati pa zaka za 1700 (kwa Era waku Victoria), koma kenako anali ndi mawonekedwe ochulukirapo komanso onyoza.
4. Maofesi a spoons
Nyumba za ku Victoria Era adatenthedwa mothandizidwa ndi malo oyaka mu chipinda chilichonse, koma khitchini nthawi zambiri inali kutali kwambiri kuchokera ku chipinda chodyeramo, ndipo kukhitchiniyo nthawi zambiri inali kutali kuchokera ku chipinda chodyeramo, ndipo pomwe mbale zidafika pagome, mbale zidayamba kale. adakhazikika mwachangu, ngakhale chakudya chamadzulo chisanayambe). Popewa vutoli, anthu achikunja adapanga Heater kuti adule. Mu chotengera chapadera m'miyendo chidathira madzi otentha, ndipo zopondapo ndi mafomu omwe adayikidwa mu dzenje. Supuni ofunda osachepera osakwana zakudya zozizira.
Masiku ano, ziwiya zoterezi zimatha kupezeka kawirikawiri, koma zophatikizana ndi zozizwitsa za nkhono zimakhala pamiyala, mazira pamiyendo, achule ndi nsomba zotseguka. Popita nthawi, kunyumba adayamba kuyenda bwino, ndipo zida zoterezi zidatuluka. Koma amakhalabe chikumbutso chosangalatsa cha luso lathanzi labwino la kudya malesi.
5. Spoons pakuwotcha
Mu 1760s, osweka ma spoons adapangidwa ngati chowonjezera chapadera komanso chokongola popanga tiyi ku Europe ndi America. Masamba a tiyi adasungidwa m'mabokosi apadera omwe amapangidwa nthawi zonse kukhala atsopano komanso pamsika ". Nthawi zambiri amasungidwa pa kiyi, chifukwa tiyi anali okwera mtengo komanso amtengo. Komanso zidapangidwanso ma sponi apadera omwe anali osavuta pakuyeza gawo la masamba a tiyi kuchokera m'bokosi.
Ambuye a Victoria Silivan amapanga zoponda izi ngati zipolopolo, masamba kapena zidebe. M'zaka za zana la 20, zida izi zidayamba kukongoletsa zokongoletsera kapena mayina komwe adapangidwa. Chimodzi mwazinga zofananira kwambiri pakuwotcha ndi chogwirizira ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali ya Semi-Case adagulitsidwa ku malonda mu 1931 popitilira mapaundi oposa 2000.
6. Scraze Forceps
Asparagus adawonekera ku England m'zaka za zana la XVI, koma mu zaka za XVIII ndi zaka za XVIII zokha zomwe zidakhala mafashoni komanso osachedwa kutsuka. Popeza katsibuzukwa unali pamwamba kwambiri komanso kukonza patebulo, sizodabwitsa kuti malilime apadera asiliva amabwera chifukwa cha iye. Zovala zofananira zofananira zimatha kupezeka kukhitchini ndi zina zotero.
7. Kuthandizira mpeni
Panthawi yamadzulo m'nthawi ya mfumukazi Victoria ikhoza kusintha mbale 12 zosiyanasiyana. Mpeni wanifo udagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuti usafesere pagome la mbale pakati pa mbale. Choyamba chimawonekera munthawi ya Heinrich VIII ndipo adapangidwa ndi mitengo. Koma popeza A Victoria amakonda kuchita maphunziro onse komanso zoyenga bwino, zofananira zinayamba kuchita kuchokera ku zitsulo zamtundu uliwonse, komanso kuchokera ku makhiristo, magalasi, ngale ndi zipolopolo.
8. Umeso wa mphesa
Amunawa ankakongoletsedwa ndi ulusi mu mipesa ya mphesa ndi zokongoletsera zakumwa, chifukwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudula mphesa ndi burashi nthawi yotsetsereka. Kudera la Victoria, pokhapokha ngati mwasowa, kudana ndi zida zodyera kumalola kugwiritsa ntchito manja patebulo - mwachitsanzo, pomwa zipatso kapena mkate. Pambuyo pake adakumana ndi mawonekedwe apadera a lumo - ndi masitima owonjezereka ndi masamba afupikitsa, kuti wokondedwa wa mphesa ukhoza kufikira zipatsozo. Ndipo malekezero opusa adaletsa kuwonongeka kwa mphesa. Amoyo ofananawo adapangidwa ndi siliva.
9. supuni yozizira
A Victoria amangogwiritsa ntchito ntchitoyo, ndipo patebulo pawo zidatheka kukumana ndi nyama kapena nsomba. Komanso, opaleshoni amaletsa kuwonongeka kwa nyama, kuletsa kulumikizana kwake ndi mpweya komanso mabakiteriya. Unali wangwiro kwa acitele omwe sanapange firiji. Supuni ya chimfine idasiyanitsidwa ndi mbali imodzi yolozera kotero kuti inali yosavuta kwambiri yopeza zigawo zonyansa kwambiri.
10. scoop ndi thireyi ya zinyenyeswazi
Achi Goverly anali odzipatulira komanso odziyimira, motero amakhulupirira kuti palibe choipitsitsa kuposa ziwiya pagome la matebulo akatha kudya. Chifukwa chake, mu 1850s, tsamba lapadera linapangidwa, lomwe antchito amayeretsa pagome la zinyalala zilizonse ndi chakudya. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi siliva ndipo amatha kukongoletsedwa ndi zojambula kapena zodzikongoletsera. Chingwe cha scoop chinali chopangidwa ndi minyanga ya njovu, ngale kapena nkhuni.