Khoma la Berlin linali chizindikiro cha nkhondo yozizira. Mu East Germany, iye ankatchedwa "Die Anti-Faschistischer Schutzwall" ( "Anti-lopondereza zitetezeni Wall"). Malinga ndi nthumwi za USSR ndi GD, khoma lino lidafunikira kuti tiletse mawonekedwe a Western Berlin, ndikuti anthu aku West Berlin sapita ku East zida zotsika mtengo zomwe zidagulitsidwa paboma.
Ku West Germany, adalankhula za khomalo ngati kuyesa kwa Soviet Union kuti aletse kusamukira kwa Eastern Brliners ku West Berlin. Chifukwa chake, lero, ndi anthu ochepa omwe akudziwa za khoma la chikwangwani.1. Sanali ndi Germany yakum'mawa ndi ku West Germany
Pakati pa anthu pali malingaliro olakwika omwe a Berlin adagawana kum'mawa ndi ku West Germany. Izi zimazika molakwika. Berlin Wall adasiyanitsidwa kumadzulo kwa Berlin kuchokera ku East Brlin ndi ena onse aku East Germany (Western Berman anali ku East Germany). Kuti mumvetsetse momwe Western Berlin anali ku East Germany, ayenera kumvetsetsa momwe Germany idagawikana pambuyo pa nkhondo. Pakutha kwa Nkhondo Yadziko II, ma Allies adagwirizana kuti agawire ku Germany m'magawo anayi a zisonkhezero: United States, Soviet Union ndi France.
Brlin chimodzimodzi (zomwe zinali m'gawo lolamulidwa ndi Soviet Union) idagawidwanso m'magawo anayi a magawo anayi omwe amaperekedwa kwa ogwirizana. Pambuyo pake, kusagwirizana ndi Soviet Union kudawapangitsa kuti United States, United Kingdom ndi Fra East Germany ndi East Germany adapita ku Soviet Union.
Kutalika kwa malire amkati pakati pa kumadzulo ndi East Germany inali makilomita oposa 1,300, omwe kale anali kutalika kwa khoma la Berlin (makilomita 154). Kuphatikiza apo, makilomita 43 okha a khoma la Berlin adasiyanitsidwa ku Berlin kuchokera kumadzulo Brlin. Ambiri mwa khoma adasiyanitsidwa West Berlin kuchokera ku East Germany.
2. M'malo mwake, panali makhoma awiri
Masiku ano, anthu ochepa chabe akukumbukira kuti khoma la Berlin silinali khoma limodzi, koma makhoma awiri ofanana omwe ali mtunda wa mita 100 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake. Komabe, amene aliyense amawona Brlin, anali pafupi ndi East Brlin. Yesetsani kumanga Khoma loyamba lidayamba pa Ogasiti 13, 1961, ndipo adayamba kupanga khoma lachiwiri pachaka.
Pakati pa makoma awiriwa anali otchedwa "imfa", komwe aliyense wosauzwitsa angawombere. Nyumba za "Mvula" inawonongedwa, ndipo malo onsewo anali ophatikizidwa bwino ndipo akugona ndi miyala yaying'ono kuti azindikire mavuto a zothawa aliyense. Komanso kumbali zonse ziwiri za mzere pambuyo pazambiri, maopayilo adayikidwa kuti athawe usiku.
3. Tchalitchi chomwe chidayimilira pakati pa makoma awiri
Mkati mwa "Mvula", olamulira aku East Gronne ndi Soviet adawononga nyumba zonse, kupatula mpingo wotchedwa kuyanjanitsa. Atsogoleri a parishi sanathe kulowamo, chifukwa tchalitchicho chinali pamalo oletsedwa. Nkhani yokhudzana ndi mpingo iyi imakhala yosangalatsa. Pambuyo polekanitsa wa Berlin, malo ozungulira mpingo adagwera malire pakati pa French ndi magulu a Soviet. Mpingo womwewo unali mu Soviet Gwero la Soviet, ndipo amatchalitchi ake amakhala mu Chifalansa. Atamanga khoma la Berlin, adalekanitsa mpingo ku gulu. Ndipo khoma lachiwiri litamalizidwa, opereka makilogalamu ochepa omwe amakhala ku Soviet adatsekeranso mwayi wokhala pakachisi.
Ku West Brlin, mpingo wosiyidwa udakwezedwa monga chizindikiro cha kuponderezedwa kwa Soviet Union of Eastern Broiners ndi Eastern Germany. Mpingowu usanakhale wakhala vuto la apolisi aku East Germany, popeza kunali kofunikira kusandira. Zotsatira zake, pa Januware 22, 1985, zinasankhidwa kuti ziwonongeke kuti 'kusintha chitetezo, ndi chiyenero komanso chiyero. "
4. Kodi khoma lidatsogolera bwanji panjira
Ngakhale khoma la Berlin linali lita mutu, anakhudza Metro ku Berlin. Pambuyo pakulekanitsidwa kwa Berlin, madilesi a Metros mbali zonse ziwiri adadutsa pansi pa kasamalidwe kochokera kumadzulo ndi USSR. Inayamba kukhala vuto, chifukwa maudindo omwe akupita pakati pa mfundo ziwiri ku West Berlin, nthawi zina zinali zofunika kudutsa mabwalo pafupi ndi Eastern Berlin. Popewa mphukira ndi kusakaniza pakati pa nzika zonse ziwiri, kum'mawa kunaletsedwa kulowa m'malo omwe masitima apadziko akumadzulo amadutsa. Malo awa adasindikizidwa, ozunguliridwa ndi waya wokazinga ndi malawi. Masitima Ochokera Kumadzulo Berlin sanasiyenso malo akuti "East". Mawu okha ku East Brlin, omwe adayimapo, anali hiredrichstras, adafuna kuti kumadzulo kwa Brliners akupita ku East Brlin. West Berlin adazindikira kuti kuli konsekonse ku East Brlin, koma pamapu omwe malo awa adalembedwa kuti ndi "malo omwe ma sitimawo saimitsa". Ku East Germany, malo awa adachotsedwa kwathunthu m'mamapu onse.5. Khoma laling'ono "laling'ono" linagawika m'mudzimo
Pambuyo polekanitsa ku Germany, wolemera wa tanbach, woyenda m'mudzi wa Möndlaroit, yomwe ili m'malire a Bavaria wamakono ndi Thouria, idagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati malire pakati pa malo omwe amayang'aniridwa ndi Soviet Union. Poyamba, anthu a m'mudzimo sanamvetsetse kuti Möllurorororiit ali ku Germany, ndipo winayo mu GDR, chifukwa amatha kuwoloka momasuka kuti azicheza ndi abale akunja. Mpanda wamatabwa, womangidwa mu 1952, adachepetsa ufuluwu. Kenako, mu 1966, ufuluwu unali wochulukirapo pamene mpandawo unasinthidwa ndi mbale za simenti ndi kutalika kwa 3 metres - zomwezo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polekanitsa kwa Berlin. Khomalo silinalole kuti nzika za m'mudzimo zisamuke pakati pa mayiko awiri, kulekanitsa banja. Kumadzulo, mudzi uno umatchedwa "pang'ono Brlin". Komabe, zovuta za anthu okhala kunkhondo sizinathetse pakhoma. Akuluakulu a kum'mawa kwa Germany Germany adawonjezera zotchinga zamagetsi, pambuyo pake zidakhala zovuta kusiya kumudzi. Gawo la khomalo lidali lopindulitsa, lili ndi nsanja zingapo za alendo ndi zolemba. Ndipo mudziwowokha udagawika pakati pa mayiko awiri ankhondo.
6. Wotchuka wa Purezidenti wa kupsompsonana
Monga tafotokozera pamwambapa, khoma la Berlin linali makoma awiri ofanana. Kuchokera kumbali ya Western Berlin, iye atangogwira ntchitoyo atayamba kupaka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya graffiti. Komabe, kuchokera kumbali ya Kum'mawa kwa Berlin, khomalo linapitilizabe kukhala ndi chiyero chamwali, chifukwa dziko la Kummawa linaletsedwa linali loletsedwa kuyandikira kwa iye. Pambuyo kugwa khoma la Berlin mu 1989, ojambula angapo adaganiza zopendekera kum'mawa kwa khoma la Berlin la graffiti la graffiti. Chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino kwambiri ndikuwonetsa mtsogoleri wakale wa Soviet Union of Leonid Brezhnev, omwe adawakwiyitsa kwambiri ndi mutu wakale wa Eathern Germany. Graffiti amatchedwa "kupsompsona kwa imfa" ndipo adalembedwa ndi wojambulayo kuchokera ku Soviet Union ndi Drubel. Graffiti anali kubwereza zomwe zinachitika mu 1979, atsogoleri onse atapsompsona pa chikondwerero cha zaka 30 zaku East Germany. "Kupsompsonana kwa kapembedzero" kumeneku kunali chodabwitsa kwambiri pakati pa maulendo apamwamba kwambiri a chikomyunizimu.7. Oposa 6000 agalu oyendayenda
"Mvula yaimfa" - malo pakati pa makoma awiriwa a Berlin Khoma - adatchulidwa pachabe. Unasiyidwa mosamala, kuphatikizapo zikwi zikwi za nyama zoopsa, "agalu a Khoma". Abusa achijeremani nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma mitundu ina imapezekanso, monga zolengedwa ndi agalu. Palibe amene akudziwa kuti agalu amagwiritsidwa ntchito bwanji. M'nkhani zina, anthu 6,000 amatchulidwa, pomwe ena amakangana kuti akwanitsa zaka 10,000. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti agalu sanayende momasuka ndi chingwe chodzitchinjiriza. M'malo mwake, nyama iliyonse imamangidwa ku utoto wa mita 5 yolumikizidwa ndi khola la 100 mita, yomwe idalola galuyo kuyenda pakhoma. Atagwa khoma la adrin a agalu awa, iwo amafuna kuwagawira kwa mabanja ku Eastern ndi West Germany. Komabe, Ajeremani akumadzulo anali kukayikira kuti apeze nyama zotero, chifukwa manyuzipepala anali olimbikitsidwa ndi "agalu a khoma" ngati nyama zowopsa zomwe zingatulutse munthu mzidutswa.
8. Margaret Otcher ndi Francois Mitteran amafuna khomalo kukhala
Poyamba, Prime Minister wa ku Britain Margaret Wotchera ndi Purezidenti wa France Francois Stencois sanavomereze kuwonongeka kwa Gerlin Wall komanso kupezekanso kwa Germany. Pakachitika kunenso kunekonso, anati: "Tinagonjetsa aku Germany kawiri, ndipo tsopano abwereranso." Imeneyircher adachita chilichonse choletsa njirayi ndikuyesera kukopa boma la UK (lomwe silinalingalirepo kuti sanathe kuletsa ntchitoyo? Zaka zisanu, osati nthawi yomweyo. Mitthera adasokonezeka ndi anthu omwe adawatcha "aku Germany oyipa". Anaopanso kuti Germany inkatchuka kwambiri ku Europe, kuposa ndi Adolf Hitler. Mitteran atazindikira kuti kutsutsidwa kwake sikungasiye kunenanso, adasintha mawonekedwe ake ndikuyamba kumuthandiza. Komabe, Mitteran adaganiza kuti Germany ikhoza kuwunikidwa pamwambowu kuti ndi gawo la mayiko a mayiko a ku Europe, omwe amadziwika masiku ano monga European Union of European.9. Posachedwa adapezeka kuti aiwalidwe khoma
Ambiri mwa khoma la Berlin linawonongedwa mu 1989. Ziwalo zotsala zomwe zatsala makamaka zolekanitsa kwa Germany. Komabe, gawo limodzi la khomalo lidayiwalika mpaka lidatsegulidwa mu 2018. Wolemba mbiri yakale Brgen adanenanso za kukhalapo kwa gawo la mita ya mita 80-the mita ya khoma ku Schonholz (mabusa a Berlin). Mu blog, lofalitsidwa pa Januware 22, 2018, Brgen adanenanso kuti adapeza gawo ili la khoma mu 1999, koma adaganiza zosunga. Tsopano adawululira kuti alipo chifukwa cha nkhawa zomwe khomalo silikhala bwino ndipo zimatha kugwa. Gawo lobisika la khoma lili pakati pa ma track a sitimayo ndi manda.
10. Amagawana nawonso Germany lero
Kupatukana kwa Germany ndi Berlin sikunali kokha pomanga khoma. Zinali malingaliro, ndipo zotsatira zake zidalinso lero. Choyamba, West Germany inali capitalist, ndi East Germany inali yachikomyunizimu. Izi mwangozi zimakhudza mfundo za dziko lililonse. East Berlin kuchokera ku West Berlin imatha kusiyanitsidwa ngakhale pazithunzi zopangidwa ndi waku Sperin andrepers malo oyang'anira malo mu 2012. Imawoneka bwino ndi kale yakale yaku East Berlin yokhala ndi kuyatsa kwachikasu komanso zakale za Western Berlin wokhala ndi kuwala kowala. Kusiyana kwambiri ndi chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito zifuwa zosiyanasiyana kwa nyali zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'maiko onse (Kuwala ku West Germany kuli ochezeka kuposa ku East Germany). Masiku ano ku East Germany, malipiro wamba amakhala otsika kuposa ku West Germany. Popeza mafakitale ambiri ku East Germany sangathe kupikisana ndi anzawo akumadzulo atakumananso, amangotseka. Izi zidapangitsa kuti ku West Germany m'mafakitale ambiri adakakamizidwa kuti awonjezere malipiro kuti akope antchito. Zotsatira za izi ndikuti anthu akufuna kugwira ntchito kum'mawa kwa dzikolo, amakonda kusamuka kumadzulo kuti akapeze kumeneko. Ngakhale zimapangitsa kuchepa kwa ntchito yaku East Germany, idapangidwanso "kutulutsa kwa ubongo". Ngati mukuyankhula za zabwino, East Germany imabweretsa zinyalala pang'ono kuposa West Germany. Zimathandizanso masiku achikominisi, pamene Eakulu akummawa adagula kokha kuti anali ofunikira kwambiri, poyerekeza ndi Ajeremani, omwe sanali azachuma, omwe sanali azachuma. Ku East Germany, ndibwinonso kusamalira ana kuposa ku West Germany. Eastern Germany alinso ndi minda yambiri.