A yau, kowane uwa na iya zuwa kantin sayar da gida kuma sayen kwalban jariri, maimakon shayar da nono. Koyaya, akwai zaɓuɓɓuka biyu kawai don ciyar da yaro tarihi: ko shayarwa ko hayan ko haya da kayan abinci. Sau da yawa, ya kasance al'umma da ta warware iyayen "Amma a gare su da kyau," Tun lokacin da imani game da yadda mafi kyawun ciyar da yara sau da yawa a cikin shekaru dubu.
Babban abu shine tallan, da amincin daya ko kuma wani abinci mai mahimmanci shine mahimmancin gaske. Muna ba da misalai game da yadda mutane ke ciyar da yaransu a cikin shekaru dubu da suka gabata.
1 kororbayessa
Amfani da tushen shine abin da aka saba kafin su fara ciyar da cakuda ko kuma kwalban. Ya fara ne a cikin 2000 BC kuma ya ci gaba har zuwa karni na 20. A cikin wannan lokacin, shawarar a kan ko za a yi amfani da mahaifiyar ko a'a, ba wai kawai ga wani abu ba, amma wasu iyaye basu da madadin madara. Ayyukan Kormilitsa sun kasance sanannen sana'a - an sanya hannu kan kwangila da murkushe lasisi. Kwalban kwalban don ciyar da a karni na XIX kamar yadda aka taimaka kawar da al'adar cormilitz. A cikin Isra'ila a kusan 2000 BC Ana ɗaukar nauyin shayarwa da yara albarka, kuma an dauki wannan dokar a matsayin bikin addini. A cikin tsohuwar tatsuniyoyin likitanci na Masar "Papirus obers" an ba da wadannan shawarwari ga uwa, wacce ba ta da lactation: ya zama dole a "dumama ƙasusuwan kifaye a cikin mai" kuma shafa ƙasusuwan kifayen A madadin haka, za ta iya zama kafafu masu haye kuma akwai burodi, "an gasashe shi da wawa" (nau'in gero), a lokaci guda shafa kirji na Mac.
2 tsufa na gargajiya
Idan mace a Girka ta kusan 950 BC. Ya ƙunshi babban matsayi, dole ta yi hayar mai ba da kariya bayan haihuwa. A wannan lokacin, crumbles ɗin suna da bukatar sun buƙaci har suna da iko a kan gidajen gidanta. Littafi Mai-Tsarki yayi maganar misalai da yawa na Kormilitz. Tabbas shahararren su ne madaukakinsu na daya ne, wanda 'yar Fir'auna ya yi hayar don shayar da Musa, wanda aka samo a cikin reeds. A cikin Daular Roman daga 300 BC Har 400 g. Sun dauki harin bam don kula da yaran da suka watsar (yawanci a bayan 'yan mata) waɗanda suka sayi arziki a matsayin bayi masu zuwa. Irin waɗannan 'ya'yan sun ciyar da shekaru uku.
3 Tsakirai shekaru
A tsakiyar zamanai, shawara kan yadda ya kamata nuna hali, wanda Francancan ya buga a karni na XIII da sunan Ingthomew Turanci. Ya ba da shawarar masu feshin su yi kama da uwa: "domin ya karu da ɗa lokacin da ya faɗi, ya ba da yaro ɗan, lokacin da ya yi kuka ... Wanke da tsaftace jaririn lokacin da ya tafi bayan gida." A tsakiyar zamanai, an fara tsinkaye yara a matsayin na musamman lokaci, da madara mai nono kusan sihiri ne. Har yanzu, uwayen da aka ba da shawarar don ciyar da yaransu da madara nono (kuma haka kuma, an ɗauka cewa madara mai narkewa ga yaro. A zamanin farkawa, wannan halin ga iyaye mata ya kiyaye saboda mata suna tsoron jarirai na iya zama kamar ciyarwar.
4 Bari mu ce "A'a"
A cikin 1612, ma'aikatar likitan kasar Faransa da Jami'un ta Orstetries Giamus ta bayyana a cikin aikinsa "Kulawa da yara", wanda bai kamata a yi amfani da shi da jan gashi ba, saboda madarar nono za ta iya canja wurin haruffan farjinsu. " A cewar sa, dauksies dole ne "mai taushi, mai laushi, mai haƙuri, masu haƙuri, masu haƙuri, masu girman kai, masu girman kai ko masu girman kai.
5 ƙarni mai zuwa
Daga karni na XVII ga karni na XIX, al'adar shayarwa tare da taimakon "Hired" mutane sun yi la'akari, kuma sun firgita cewa zai washe cewa zai washe adadi. Abubuwan da aka yi na wannan lokacin, duk ƙari ba su dace da nono ba, saboda sun kasance masu wahala su motsa su. Ko da wakilan ƙananan azuzuwan, kamar matan aure, lauyoyi da 'yan kasuwa-komorlilitz, kamar yadda ya fi arha fiye da hayar wani don kiyaye gidan mijinta ko kiyaye gidan. A cikin juyi juyin juya halin masana'antu, iyalai da yawa sun motsa daga yankunan karkara zuwa birane, inda mata galibi mata suka yi aiki na masu halaye. Takamaiman matsaloli sun bayyana. Misali, a cikin "Magungunan gida", William Bucos (1779) ya nuna bayyanannun kudaden da suka shafi opatips dangane da opatips saboda yaran suna "shuru da kwantar da hankali."
6 kwalabe na farko
A cikin Xix, wuraren da aka fara mutuwa, tunda shahararren an sami dabba mai madara da ciyar daga kwalba. Ya kamata a lura cewa amfani da kwalabe na kiwo ya san asalin lokacin, an gano tsoffin dubban shekaru. Girka Terracotta "Feeders" 450 BC. An yi amfani da shi don ciyar da yara tare da cakuda giya da zuma. An gwada da yawa daga cikin wuraren da aka samo harsunan kiwo da aka gano su a kansu, don haka an yi amfani da madara a cikin gidan dutse. Matsaloli da suka taso daga kwalabe na tsaftacewa an jera su a cikin littattafan lokuta na Rome, tsararraki shekaru da Renaissance. Juyin juya halin masana'antu ya ba da gudummawa ga gaskiyar cewa kwalabe ya zama ruwan hoda da kuma hadari don ciyar da yaron.
7 Tukwane da Yara Hound - "Jirgi"
Kafin salon salon na zamani na an bunkasa su, na gwada zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa. Wasu daga cikinsu an yi su da rabon baki ko itace, amma mafi mashahuri nau'in na'urar ciyarwar da aka yi da ƙaho ƙaho don hanyar madara. A cikin 1700s, an ba da fifiko ga kwano na azurfa, mafi mashahuri wanda ake kira Hugh Smith. Abin takaici, da spout na irin wannan tukunya, mai kama da sentle, ya kasance kusan ba zai yiwu a tsaftace shi kuma sau da yawa ya haifar da kamuwa da sakamakon sakamako ba. Rowels Yara a cikin nau'i na jirgin ruwan da ake amfani da shi don ciyar da burodi, impregnated da ruwa ko madara, ko flakes a cikin broth. An ba wa yara mazaje irin wannan abinci, amma saboda tasoshin suna da wuyar tsabta, kusan kashi ɗaya na yara sun mutu a farkon shekarar cututtukan cuta.
8 kwalabe na xix karni
An gabatar da kwalabe gilashin don ciyar da tsakiyar karni na XIX, kuma wasu daga cikinsu sun rikice, a busa a cikin hanyar cones ko kabewa. A hankali, sun maye gurbin tasirin da na ciyarwa, wanda ya kasance. Bayan haka da yawa daga cikin sabbin kayayyaki sun kira "Kuri'a-Killage", tunda sun zama nau'in jita-jita na ƙwayar cuta don ƙwayoyin cuta na kiwo (tsabtace su ne da ke da wuya). A cikin magana ɗaya, an ƙirƙiri ƙirjin wucin gadi, watau mahaifiya zata iya cika da madara da sa a kan kansa don madara ta kasance mai zafi daga zafin. A cikin 1863, mai kirkirar mai suna Matiyu Tomlinson "kwalban kwalliyar pear-mail na gilashin da ake kira" gida ", wanda ya sayar domin shiging, kuma ya yi imani da cewa an yi imani da cewa" ya yi imani da cewa an yi imani da cewa "an yi imani da cewa an yi imani da cewa" ya yi imani da cewa an yi imani da cewa "ya yi imani da cewa" ya yi imani da cewa "ya yi imani da cewa an yi imani da cewa ya ciyar da yaron tare da namiji.
9 Tsarin farko
A cikin al'adun zamani, ana ɗaukar shayarwa mafi kyawun tushen wutar lantarki ga jarirai, amma idan aka haɗu da gaurayawan cakuda, talla ya haɓaka sha'awar jama'a a cikin tushen tushen madara. Saboda haka, a cikin karni na XIX, madara da dabba ta fi so kuma an ƙara wa gaurayawan abinci lokacin da yaron bai yi rashin lafiya ba. An kwaikwayi tsakanin dabbobi da madara ɗan adam a cikin karni na XVIII, dangane da abin da dabba ke samuwa ga al'umma, aladu, raƙuma, jakuna, tumaki da awaki. Madara na saniya gaba ɗaya gaba daya ya zama fin so. A cikin 1865, an kirkiro da "manufa" da aka kirkira don madara madara, yin kwaikwayon abun cikin nono. Ana kiranta da dabara na Librix, ya kunshi madarar saniya, malt da alkama gari tare da potassium carbonate.
10 ci gaba da haɓaka tsaro
A ƙarshen 1883, 29 iri iri na dabarun abinci na jariri a karkashin Libis alama sun bayyana, amma da yawa daga cikinsu sun isa daga mahimmancin abinci mai gina jiki, da sukari don ƙara adadin kuzari. A tsawon lokaci, ilimi game da haɓakar da bitamin ya ba da damar haɗa abubuwa da yawa. Amma abincin ya fi shahara a lokacin rani, lokacin da aka lalata madara, don haka mutuwar jarirai ta karu. Halin da ake ciki ya inganta bayan da karɓar ka'idar ƙwayoyin cuta tsakanin 1890 da 1910. Tunda tsarkakakken kwalabe ya inganta, kuma nipples roba sun zama mafi araha, mace-mace ya ragu. Bugu da kari, an buga taka tsantsan da kara yawan firiji, wanda za'a iya ajiye madara a amince dashi don ƙarin amfani.